air emissions Articles
-
An approach for road air emissions calculation: Portuguese case-study
A methodology to estimate road transportation emissions was developed with the main objective of improving emission estimates for those pollutants that are most dependent on the vehicle class and abatement technology. Emissions were estimated with a detailed level of disaggregation allowing the evaluation of measures aiming key source groups rather than road traffic in general. Those measures ...
-
Effects of trees on the dilution of vehicle exhaust emissions in urban street canyons
In order to investigate the natural ventilation and air quality of urban street canyons with trees, boundary layer wind tunnel studies at a small-scale model have been performed. Concentrations in street canyons with a tracer gas emitting line source at the ground level and one row of trees arranged along the canyon centre have been measured for several equidistant tree spacings. In the case of ...
-
Assessment of air pollution in the conurbation of Munich: present and future
Traffic emissions have a severe impact to the environment with all its socio-economic consequences in urban conglomerations. Traffic emissions will still increase in the future, whereas other categories of emissions will decrease within the next years. Numerical simulations are a useful tool to assess the effect of different emissions on the regional air quality of primary and secondary ...
-
Sensitivity to input parameters of Mobile6.2-AERMOD simulated emissions and concentrations
This study investigates the sensitivity of simulated emissions and airborne NO 2 and benzene concentrations to model input parameters. Emission factors were estimated using Mobile6.2 and ambient concentrations were estimated using AERMOD. The simulation was performed for Huron Church Road in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, an arterial road 9 km in length with an average vehicle speed of 50 km/h. ...
-
Research Note: Air pollution challenges and solutions for China's urban transportation development
China has experienced dramatic urbanisation and motorisation in the past 20 years. The phenomenal rise in the vehicle population in major cities has resulted in increased air pollution, traffic congestion and other 'wicked problems'. The Chinese government at all levels has made significant effort to control motor vehicle emissions, but vehicle population growth far outpaces their efforts, ...
-
Application of The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) to the urban airshed of Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been faced with air pollution problems as a result of increasing traffic emissions. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) was employed to simulate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations based on an emissions inventory data. The hourly CO concentrations from a year-long simulation have been evaluated against observations from six monitoring sites. The simulated concentrations were evaluated ...
-
Evaluation of new model tools for meeting the targets of the EU Air Quality Directive: a case study on the studded tyre use in Sweden
Two new model tools have been developed for meeting the EU Air Quality Directive targets: SIMAIRroad (related to traffic emissions) and SIMAIRrwc (rwc standing for residential wood combustion). The models have been evaluated for different traffic situations and for residential areas with wood combustion, with promising results. The models can calculate PM10 statistics, such as mean values and 90 ...
-
Study of regional dilution and transformation processes of the air pollution from road transport
The objective of this work is to study in detail the dilution processes of the plumes and the chemical transformations of pollutants generated by road transport. The numerical simulations are carried out using the MODELS-3 nesting abilities, downscaling to a horizontal resolution of 10 km, the innermost domain including a region with very intensive road transport – the city of London and its ...
-
Modelling of air pollution in the area of Algiers City, Algeria
Algiers is the political and economic capital of Algeria. The city drains a large part of the activities of the country with intense road traffic. This road traffic is the main source of air pollution, followed by industry and waste combustion. An application of the new road traffic emission model, called EMISENS, is performed to build road traffic emission inventories for the Algiers region. ...
-
Temporal variations of BTX compounds in Bursa/Turkey atmosphere
Ambient concentrations of C2–C12 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at Bursa, which is the fourth largest city of Turkey. Two measurement campaigns were carried out between September 14 to November 6, 2005 and March 17 to May 10, 2006. Fifty one VOCs were regularly determined in each chromatogram. However, only BTX compounds are discussed in this study. Concentrations of BTX ...
-
Dispersion modelling of traffic particulate matter in city–scale area
This paper introduces utilisation of the CFD technique for modelling of PM10 (particulate matter 10 µm) dispersion in urban areas, with focus on detailed description of processes in the ground surface boundary layer. The description of deposition and re–suspension processes is introduced and applied on the city–scale model of the city of Brno (pop. 400,000). The air threshold velocity of ...
-
Analysis of the impacts of an environmental traffic management system on vehicle emissions and air quality
Environmental traffic management systems (ETMS) are implemented to improve air quality in urban streets. They allow for a situation-related control of light signal systems to optimise road capacities and enhance traffic flow in street sections. Therefore, they are equipped with mitigation strategies and continuously provided with traffic and air quality data. In this context, it is ...
-
Numerical study for the flow around moving cars and its effect on the dispersion of the traffic emitted pollution within a road tunnel
This paper presents results from a numerical study which was conducted in order to investigate the effect of the flow around moving vehicles on the dispersion and the concentration of traffic emitted pollution within the Traforo Umberto road tunnel in the city centre of Rome. A series of three dimensional numerical transient simulations were performed using the commercial CFD code Ansys CFX 5.7.1 ...
-
Elemental composition of airborne aerosols at a traffic site and a suburban site in Hong Kong
Forty elemental concentrations in different size particles were measured at a roadside site and a suburban site of Hong Kong using a ten-stage MOUDI impactor (Mode 110). Some elements (Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, As and Ba) have clear spatial variability, with ∼100% higher concentrations in roadside atmosphere than in suburban atmosphere, showing obviously vehicle-related sources for those elements. However, ...
-
An assessment of urban VOC emissions and concentrations by comparing model results and measurements
From September 1994 to June 1996, the city of Antwerp carried out a volatile organic compound (VOC) measurement campaign in the urban agglomeration of Antwerp. The results were used to further validate a traffic emission model for the city of Antwerp and to evaluate the performance of three different "street canyon" models that were applied to calculate benzene concentrations at ten ...
-
WORM: A new open road line source model for low wind speed conditions
Emission from road traffic constitutes one of the most important sources of air pollution in urban areas. This paper describes a newly developed air pollution dispersion model for open roads and highways called WORM (Weak Wind Open Road Model), and give some results using this model at Nordbysletta, Norway, in the period 1 January 200215 April 2002. Generally, a good correspondence was found ...
-
Air pollution dispersion inside a street canyon of Gottinger Strasse (Hannover, Germany): new results of the analysis of full scale data
This study analyses the interactions between pollutant concentrations inside a street canyon, and wind and traffic dispersive air motions. Air pollutant concentrations, meteorological parameters and traffic flow continuously measured in Gottinger Strasse (Hannover, Germany) were used in calculations. Parameters included in the inverse proportionality between concentration and a dispersive ...
-
The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project
The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the COPERT methodology. The comparison also reveals the ...
-
Traffic emission effects on ambient air pollution by PM2.5–related PAH in Upper Silesia, Poland
The ambient concentration of particle–bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in two industrial towns in Upper Silesia, Poland. The 24 h samples of PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) were collected simultaneously at busy roads (or crossroads) and at an urban background site. Additionally, the samples were collected during the heaviest traffic density (rush ...
-
New network of weather stations in Sheffield - Case Study
OTT HydroMet is installing fifteen automatic weather stations as part of the University of Sheffield’s Urban Flows Observatory, which is led by the Departments of Civil and Structural Engineering, and Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE). The monitoring sites are conveniently located at Sheffield schools, and data from the stations will contribute to the project’s wider ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you