air pollution model Articles
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Dependence of street canyon concentrations on above-roof wind speed - implications for numerical modelling
For microscale numerical modelling of street canyon air pollution, the traffic-related component of the total ambient pollutant concentration is often assumed to be inversely dependent on the wind-speed at rooftops for idealised conditions of neutral stratification, no solar radiation, and no traffic-induced turbulence. Detailed data analyses of two comprehensive datasets from Gottinger Strase ...
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Short–term fine resolution WRF forecast data validation in complex terrain in Slovenia
For the air pollution modelling studies over highly complex terrain, vertical wind profiles are essential. In the article we present evaluation about using the WRF model as the source of wind profile information. We tested WRF's one day short–term forecasts at 4 km and half hour resolution running every day to obtain 3D meteorological fields and compared these data with the different ...
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Dispersion of a passive pollutant in the vicinity of a U-shaped building
The three-dimensional microscale numerical model MIMO was applied to calculate the dispersion of a passive pollutant in the vicinity of a U-shaped building. Three different locations of a non-buoyant source and six different wind directions were examined. The calculated concentrations were compared with concentrations measured in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The comparison shows a very good ...
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Zasavje canyon regional online air pollution modelling system in highly complex terrain - description and validation
Zasavje is an industrial region in Slovenia located along the Sava River's steep canyon where PM10 air pollution is a major problem. In the paper a national project with the title 'Prognostic and diagnostic integrated regional air pollution modelling system' is described where it is shown that such a project can significantly contribute to the proper understanding of air pollution in smaller ...
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A fluctuating plume model for pollutants dispersion with chemical reactions
A fluctuating plume model for pollutant dispersion is developed. The model is able to include chemical reactions, accounting for segregation. The model is tested against measured data in wind tunnel experiment, where NO is emitted from a source in an environment of ozone. The results are presented in terms of the plume centre line dispersion and cross sections at different distances. It is shown ...
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Evaluation of WRF model performance in different European regions with the DELTA–FAIRMODE evaluation tool
One–year (2006) WRF model simulations performed at a European scale and ECMWF–IFS forecasts are compared with 10 m wind speed and 2 m temperature observations from around 1,200 surface stations. A statistical evaluation on the modelled meteorological fields is performed using the DELTA software, developed in the framework of FAIRMODE, the forum for air quality modellers relevant to the ...
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Pre-processing of meteorological data: vertical profiles
In the framework of COST-710, working group III aims to recommend formulations of atmospheric vertical profiles of wind, temperature and turbulence. This intermediate report gives a brief overview of existing methods to calculate vertical profiles. A short note on existing datasets for validation purposes is given.Keywords: atmospheric turbulence, turbulence time-, scale, vertical profiles, ...
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Statistical analysis of prognostic mesoscale flow model results in the frame of APSIS
Taking into account available observations, results of several mesoscale flow models applied to definite scenarios in the framework of the Athenian Photosmog Simulation Intercomparison Study (APSIS) are subjected to a statistical analysis as an attempt at model evaluation. The procedure is applied to the wind speed, the wind direction and the air temperature. For a comprehensive presentation, ...
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A dataset for the validation of flow and dispersion models at an urban intersection
Dispersion modelling concerning air pollution caused by road traffic is reduced to a two-dimensional problem within street canyons. However, significant pollution loads are also to be expected at intersections. In this case, three-dimensional flow and dispersion structures have to be considered. For the validation of models claimed to be applicable to intersections, measurements of meteorological ...
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WORM: A new open road line source model for low wind speed conditions
Emission from road traffic constitutes one of the most important sources of air pollution in urban areas. This paper describes a newly developed air pollution dispersion model for open roads and highways called WORM (Weak Wind Open Road Model), and give some results using this model at Nordbysletta, Norway, in the period 1 January 200215 April 2002. Generally, a good correspondence was found ...
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Numerical simulations of the wind flow and ozone formation during the Heilbronn ozone experiment
The Heilbronn ozone experiment was aimed at investigating the impact of short-term local-scale interventions on peak ozone levels during summer smog periods. The measures taken were estimated to lead to considerable reductions of road traffic emissions, but to only smaller reductions of industrial emissions. Model simulations with the European Zooming Model (EZM) were performed for assessing the ...
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LAGFLUM, a stationary 3D Lagrangian stochastic numerical micromixing model for concentration fluctuations: validation in canopy turbulence, on the MUST wind tunnel experiment
A stationary three–dimensional Lagrangian stochastic numerical model, LAGrangian FLUctuation Model (LAGFLUM), was developed by coupling a macromixing with a micromixing scheme, to determine the mean and the variance of concentration for a passive scalar in 3D turbulent flows. The model was tested by comparison with the (MUST) Mock Urban Setting Test wind tunnel experiment, where the dispersion of ...
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Model comparison in simulating the atmospheric dispersion of a pollutant plume in low wind conditions
This study investigates the performance of different air pollution dispersion models in low wind conditions. The models have been applied to two sites frequently characterised by weak winds: the cities of Modena and Reggio Emilia, in the Po River Valley (Northern Italy). The emission sources are the municipal waste incinerator (Modena) and a turbogas plant (Reggio Emilia). Total Suspended ...
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Effect of roughness inhomogeneities on the development of the urban boundary layer
Wind tunnel measurements over a regular array of cubes were carried out to investigate the influence of surface inhomogeneities on the development of the urban boundary layer. Two idealised cases were investigated. The first one was in terms of a strong step change in roughness from very smooth to very rough with a low turbulent approach flow and a thin approach boundary layer. For this case it ...
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On the wind flow patterns under neutral and unstable conditions in an urban area
Wind flow and pollutant dispersion within urban areas depend on the approaching flow profile and temperature stratification. Thus, the flow field developed under neutral and unstable stratification conditions, within a street–canyon, was studied experimentally and numerically for a two–dimensional urban background set–up. Wind–tunnel measurements were carried out with a triple hot sensor ...
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Estimates of lateral dispersion parameters in low wind speed conditions
Wind speed time series recorded during stable low wind speed conditions are typically non–stationary, with large horizontal oscillations, commonly known as meandering. In this paper, two wavelet–based methods are proposed to obtain lateral dispersion coefficients from such time series. These methods, associated with a specific wind model, have been tested by using wind velocities recorded, with ...
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A 3-D wind and temperature pre-processor for ATD models
Many atmospheric transport and dispersion models, based on various approaches and applied to different spatial scales, need 3-D meteorological fields referred to regular grid systems. Data generally available, however, cannot be directly employed because of their irregularities, inconsistencies, insufficient spatial detail or inadequate terrain representation. To fill the gap between these input ...
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Large eddy simulation modelling of the dispersion of radioactive particulate matter
Field experiments with a Radioactive Dispersion Device (RDD) were performed by the National Radiation Protection Institute (NRPI) of the Czech Republic. We present the results of computer simulations of these experiments using a new microscale model, Charles University Large Eddy Microscale Model (CLMM). The model was first validated using wind tunnel data for the dispersion of continuous passive ...
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Revision of the Netherlands National Model for short range dispersion of air pollutants
The Dutch National Model was revised during 1995 and 1996 in a task group consisting of representatives of the relevant institutes and universities in the Netherlands. The advanced model 'STACKS' was chosen as the model of departure. From an evaluation some modifications were agreed, in particular for the surface layer and the treatment of directional wind shear in the model. The resulting ...
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Computational modelling of airflow in urban street canyon and comparison with measurements
The main goal of this study was to predict the airflow in a street canyon surrounded by an urban area using CFD modelling. In the street geometry described in the main part, the actual airflow directly influences air infiltration into buildings. Different models of turbulence were tested as well as specific wind boundary conditions. A correct assignment of boundary conditions (i.e., mainly wind ...
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