atmospheric flow News
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ASTM D5366 - 96(2011) standard test method for determining the dynamic performance of a wind vane
This test method will provide a standard for comparison of wind vanes of different types. Specifications by regulatory agencies and industrial societies (3-5) have stipulated performance values. This test method provides an unambiguous method for measuring starting threshold, delay distance, and overshoot ratio. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the starting threshold, ...
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ASTM D5096 - 02(2011) standard test method for determining the performance of a cup anemometer or propeller anemometer
This test method will provide a standard for comparison of rotating type anemometers, specifically cup anemometers and propeller anemometers, of different types. Specifications by regulatory agencies (4-7) and industrial societies have specified performance values. This standard provides an unambiguous method for measuring Starting Threshold, Distance Constant, Transfer Function, and Off-Axis ...
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Global climate models `need regional sensitivity`
Global climate change models are of limited use to agricultural policymakers in some regions of the developing world, according to a report by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The report was launched at the Climate Models and Farm Crop Forecasting in South Asia and Africa meeting last month (21 February). It focused on Eastern and Western ...
By SciDev.Net
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Study links warming to some 2012 wild weather
A study of a dozen of 2012's wildest weather events found that man-made global warming increased the likelihood of about half of them, including Superstorm Sandy's devastating surge and the blistering U.S. summer heat. The other half - including a record wet British summer and the U.S. drought last year - simply reflected the random freakiness of weather, researchers with the U.S. National ...
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New energy in search for future wind
Scientists are taking the first steps to improve estimates of long-term wind speed changes for the fast-growing wind energy sector, intended to reduce the risks for generators in a changing climate. Some recent international studies have shown a decrease in wind speeds in several parts of the globe, including across Australia. However, more recent results by CSIRO show that Australia's average ...
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How does the climate in the Baltic Sea vary now and in the future?
How has the climate in the Baltic Sea varied over the past 150 years? How will it develop up to the year 2100? A new research project will analyse how the climate in the Baltic Sea has varied since 1850 and simulate future scenarios for the Baltic Sea. There is insufficient knowledge on how climate changes affect the marine environment, even though studies show that a changed climate could have ...
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Ecological globalization
Ecosystems are constantly exchanging materials through the movement of air in the atmosphere, the flow of water in rivers and the migration of animals across the landscape. People, however, have also established themselves as another major driver of connectivity among ecosystems. In the June 2008 Special Issue of Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, titled “Continental-scale ecology in an ...
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Grey Swans – Climate Change Harbingers of Death and Destruction
Perfect storms are by definition improbable. But climate scientists now think that the devastating combination of extreme tropical cyclone and unprecedented storm surge is going to get a whole lot less improbable by the end of the century. The chances that the city of Tampa, in Florida, will be hit by a devastating hurricane and an 11-metre wall of ocean water by 2100 could have increased by up ...
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Four of nine ‘planetary boundaries’ exceeded
Civilisation has crossed four of nine ‘planetary boundaries’, increasing the risk of irreversibly driving the Earth in to a less hospitable state, concludes new research. These are: extinction rate, deforestation, atmospheric CO2 and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus. Planetary boundaries are scientifically based levels of human pressure on critical global processes that could ...
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Human impacts that fuel extreme weather
The serious floods that hit southern England in the winter of 2013-14 were at least partly a consequence of climate change driven by the global warming that results from fossil fuel combustion. To be precise, the extreme rainfall that led to £431 million (US$622 million) of damage was made 43% more likely by human-induced climate change, according to a new study led by the University of ...
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ASTM D1066 - 11 standard practice for sampling steam
It is essential to sample steam representatively in order to determine the amount of all impurities (dissolved chemicals, solid particles, chemicals absorbed on solid particles, water droplets) in it (1). An accurate measure of the purity of steam provides information, which may be used to determine whether the purity of the steam is within necessary limits to prevent damage or ...
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Tall Towers Fitted to Track CO2 Emissions
BOULDER, Colorado, July 31, 2007 (ENS) - A new sensor in what will be a nationwide network for tracking carbon dioxide is now monitoring the air over Colorado's Front Range. A 1,000 foot tall tower east of Erie is one of 12 such towers that are being fitted with instruments by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, to capture the regional ebb and flow of atmospheric carbon. ...
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Ocean Wind Wave Climate Responses to Wintertime North Atlantic Atmospheric Transient Eddies and Low-Frequency Flow
Atmospheric transient eddies and low-frequency flow contributions to the ocean surface wave climate in the North Atlantic during boreal winter are investigated (1980 - 2016). We conduct a set of numerical simulations with a spectral wave model (WAVEWATCH III) forced by decomposed wind fields derived from the ERA-Interim reanalysis (0.7° horizontal resolution). Synoptic-scale processes (2-10 ...
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Fire risk in Mediterranean Europe mapped using satellite images
Satellite observations are valuable aids to detect and monitor fire activity. A recent study has investigated how satellite images of fire activity, together with information on vegetation cover and fire risk associated with long and short-term atmospheric conditions could be used to help authorities better manage the risk of wildfires in Mediterranean Europe. Wildfires, especially in southern ...
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Fire risk in Mediterranean Europe mapped using satellite images
Satellite observations are valuable aids to detect and monitor fire activity. A recent study has investigated how satellite images of fire activity, together with information on vegetation cover and fire risk associated with long and short-term atmospheric conditions could be used to help authorities better manage the risk of wildfires in Mediterranean Europe. Wildfires, especially in southern ...
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Asian air emissions increases ozone over western North America
Increases in tropospheric ozone levels above western North America during springtime are due to eastward air flows across the Pacific Ocean, with the largest increases associated with air that comes from south and east Asia, according to a recent study. In the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, high levels of ozone are considered to negatively affect human health and crop ...
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Opex not capex for portable gas analysers on contaminated land and brownfield sites
The CIRIA compliant GA5000 portable landfill and contaminated land gas analyser can now be leased from Geotech, providing an ideal solution for consultants carrying out ground gas investigations on contaminated land and brownfield sites. Ground gas investigations are typically undertaken as part of Phase II geo-environmental assessments, and are a planning condition for many proposed ...
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ASTM D6561 - 06(2011) standard test method for determination of aerosol monomeric and oligomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDl) in air with (Methoxy-2–phenyl-1) Piperazine (MOPIP) in the workplace
HDI is mostly used in the preparation of paints. For the last ten years, the use of isocyanates and their industrial needs have been in constant growth. Diisocyanates and polyisocyanates are irritants to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. They are recognized to cause respiratory allergic sensitization, asthmatic bronchitis, and acute respiratory intoxication (3-6). The American Conference of ...
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ASTM D6562 - 06(2011) standard test method for determination of gaseous hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in air with 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene method (MAMA) in the workplace
HDI is mostly used in the preparation of paints. For the last ten years, the use of isocyanates and their industrial needs have been in constant growth. Diisocyanates and polyisocyanates are irritants to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. They are recognized to cause respiratory allergic sensitization, asthmatic bronchitis, and acute respiratory intoxication (4-7). The American Conference of ...
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Explained: radiative forcing
This is the first of a two-part “Explained” on the scientific concepts underlying the concept of the greenhouse effect and global climate change. When people talk about global warming or the greenhouse effect, the main underlying scientific concept that describes the process is radiative forcing. And despite all the recent controversy over leaked emails and charges of poorly sourced references ...
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