In kidney dialysis, the purity of water is critical in order to protect patients from harmful contaminants like endotoxins. Endotoxins are byproducts of dead bacteria killed in the water purification system, and when not removed, may trigger fevers in patients. Since this water is in contact with a patient's own blood, it is critical to reduce endotoxins to the lowest possible level. In a recent study in Japan, the use of Electropure'' XL-DER EDI further reduced endotoxin levels coming from the RO by an additional 95%, study published in the Journal of Bioscience Control. It is expected that UV-RO-EDI-UF will become the new standard for the preparation of best practices hemodialysis water.