Exposure to MNPs (Micro and Nanoplastics) can lead to health effects like oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysfunction, and carcinogenicity. Techniques have been developed to detect particles smaller than 1 micron, with studies showing that bottled water contains about 240,000 plastic pieces per liter, 90% of which are nanoplastics, commonly PET. Treatment methods, especially in industrial laundry wastewater, are being explored. Electrocoagulation is promising, as it generates matrices with high surface areas for irreversible adsorption of MNPs.