toxicity testing Articles
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Low-Cost Microbiotests For Toxicity Monitoring During Bioremediation Of Contaminated Soils
Abstract: This paper addresses in the first place the need to apply toxicity tests with batteries of species from different trophic levels for an (ecologically meaningful) determination of the toxic hazard of contaminated soils. Furthermore, \'direct contact\' tests must be performed as well as assays on pore waters, leachates or percolates.Most toxicity tests available to date are dependent on ...
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Toxicity assessment of diesel and metal contaminated soils through elutriate and solid phase assays with the slime mould, Dictyostelium discoideum
A suite of organisms from different taxonomical and ecological positions are needed to assess environmentally relevant soil toxicity. We herein present a new bioassay based on Dictyostelium that is aimed at integrating slime moulds into such a testing framework. Toxicity tests on elutriates and the solid phase developmental cycle (DDDC) assay were successfully applied to a soil spiked with a ...
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Deriving site‐specific soil clean‐up values for metals and metalloids: Rationale for including protection of soil microbial processes
Although it is widely recognized that microorganisms are essential for sustaining soil fertility, structure, nutrient cycling, groundwater purification and other soil functions, soil microbial toxicity data were excluded from the derivation of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco‐SSL) in the United States. Among the reasons for such exclusion were claims that microbial toxicity tests were too ...
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The potentiation of zinc toxicity by soil moisture in a boreal forest ecosystem
Northern boreal forests often experience forest dieback as a result of metal ore mining and smelting. The common solution is to lime the soil which increases pH, reducing metal toxicity and encouraging recovery. However, in certain situations, such as Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada, liming has only yielded moderate benefits with some locations responding well to liming and other locations, not at ...
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Soil invertebrate community change over fuel‐contaminated sites on a subantarctic island: An ecological field‐based line of evidence for site risk assessment
A number of fuel spills, of both recent and historic origins, have occurred on World Heritage listed subantarctic Macquarie Island. Sites contaminated by mainly diesel fuels are undergoing remediation by the Australian Antarctic Division. The risks posed by these sites are being managed using a “weight of evidence” approach, for which this study provides a preliminary line of evidence for the ...
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Toxicity of fuel contaminated soil to antarctic moss and terrestrial algae
Fuel pollution is a significant problem in Antarctica, especially in areas where human activities occur, such as at scientific research stations. Despite this, there is little information on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on Antarctic terrestrial biota. This paper demonstrates that the Antarctic mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Schistidium antarctici, Ceratodon purpureus and the Antarctic ...
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Evaluation Of Toxic Effects Exhibited By Organic Pollutants Present In Soil
Abstract: Bioassays are widely applied to measure toxic effects of aquatic samples such as surface water and groundwater, leachates and elutriates, as well as sediments, sludges, and soils. Contrary to (eco)toxicity tests, which translate single chemical concentrations into toxic effects (dose-response relationship giving NOEC, EC50, etc.), bioassays are applied to samples from contaminated ...
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Types of bioremediation and their modes of action
An Urgent Call for Change in U.S. Oil Spill Response With Bioremediation Agent Type EA* bearing out as a workable first response alternative to the use of chemical dispersants, contrasting evidence has become even clearer that dispersant use has been a huge failure. Dispersants have proven to be an inadequate response method with more and more studies showing an end point of enormous natural ...
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Quantitative risk assessment for contaminated sites in Spain
Environmental Quantitative Risk Assessment is one of the key factors in the Decision Making Process for contaminated sites. Numerous decisions have to be made before, during and after conducting a quantitative risk assessment.Risk assessment is based on the information gathered previously: Historical information (Phase I) Site characterization (Phase II) Toxicological ...
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Bioassays used for Detection of Ecotoxicity at Contaminated Areas
Abstract : Ten bioassays were used for the evaluation of acute, (sub)chronic toxicity and genotoxicity of an unknown soil from a military base and six model soils that were contaminated at former military bases with the major pollutants : kerosene, petroleum and used motor oil. The test species represented algae and higher plants, invertebrates and bacteria. The ability to detect toxicants in ...
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Ecotoxicological Hazard Assessment of Solid-Phase Samples
Abstract: 14 samples originating from Estonia, collected from the oil-shale region (7), oil-polluted sites (4), presumably non-polluted areas (2) and 1 sediment sample from the harbor were studied for the toxicity and presence of the priority pollutants. The soil aqueous extracts were analyzed with a test battery of organisms of different trophic levels (photobacteria, crustacea, algae and ...
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Effects of environmental lead contamination on cattle in a lead/zinc mining area: Changes in cattle immune systems on exposure to lead in vivo and in vitro
The Republic of Zambia is rich in mineral resources, such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), and mining is a key industry in Zambia. A previous study of Pb pollution in Kabwe, one of the main mining areas, found that soil was contaminated with high levels of toxic metals over a substantial area. In the present study, the authors focus on toxic metal pollution in cattle, one of the most important ...
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Down with road dust
There are more than 3.9 million miles of roadway in the United States, according to the Federal Highway Administration, and, depending on the area of the country you're in, as much as 70% of that road mileage is unpaved. The 1997 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report states that those unpaved roads--which can cover a wide range of ...
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Contaminated Soil Fixation
Contaminated soil is one that has heavy metals present within the project site. The EPA requires a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test to determine if metal contaminated soil needs to be managed as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. Soils exhibiting hazardous characteristics need to be disposed of at a facility permitted for that material at a high cost. The alternative is to ...
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Metal Contaminated Soils Fixation
Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils The EPA requires a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test to determine if metal contaminated soils needs to be managed as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. Soils exhibiting hazardous characteristics need to be disposed of at a facility permitted for that material at a high cost. Soils treated in the field prior to off-site disposal can be ...
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Phytotoxicity of trace metals in spiked and field‐contaminated soils: Linking soil extractable metals with toxicity
Soil tests have been widely developed to predict trace metal uptake by plants. The prediction of metal toxicity however has rarely been tested. The study was set up to compare eight established soil tests for diagnosing phytotoxicity in contaminated soils. Nine soils contaminated with Zn or Cu by metal mining, smelting or processing were collected. Uncontaminated reference soils with similar ...
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Heavy Metals in Soil: Treat with Blastox
What are Heavy Metals in Soil? The EPA requires a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test to determine if the heavy metals in soil needs to be managed as hazardous or non-hazardous waste. Soils exhibiting hazardous characteristics need to be disposed of at a facility permitted for that material at a high cost. Soils treated in the field prior to off-site disposal can be rendered ...
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