Soil and Sediment toxicology Articles
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Chronic toxicity of nickel‐spiked freshwater sediments: Variation in toxicity among eight invertebrate taxa and eight sediments
We evaluated the chronic toxicity of nickel‐spiked freshwater sediments to benthic invertebrates. A two‐step spiking procedure (spiking + sediment dilution) and a two‐stage equilibration period (10 weeks anaerobic + 1 week aerobic) was used to spike 8 freshwater sediments with wide ranges of acid‐volatile sulfide (AVS; 0.94–38 µmol/g) and total organic carbon (TOC; 0.42–10%). Chronic sediment ...
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Comparing sorption behavior of pyrethroids between formulated and natural sediments
Formulated sediments are recommended for use in toxicity tests to achieve standardized evaluations. However, the organic matter used in formulated sediments may differ qualitatively from that in natural sediments, which may lead to different chemical partition patterns and hence, different toxicity effects. By deriving KOC and KDOC for 8 pyrethroid insecticides from three formulated and five ...
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Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis
Several fuel spills have occurred on subantarctic Macquarie Island (54°30′ S 158°57′ E) associated with storing fuel and generating power for the Island's research station. The Australian Antarctic Division began full‐scale, on‐site remediation of these sites in 2009. To develop appropriate target concentrations for remediation, acute and chronic tests were developed with the endemic earthworm, ...
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Effects‐based marine ecological risk assessment at a polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated site in Saglek, Labrador, Canada
Although the presence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Arctic marine environments has been well documented, the implications for the health of biota are poorly understood. In the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including site‐specific effects data, were used to assess PCB‐related risks to marine biota at a contaminated military site in Saglek Bay, Labrador, ...
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Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hydrophobic in nature and thus tend to accumulate in sediments if released into aquatic environments. As part of our overall effort to examine the toxicity of carbon‐based nanomaterials to sediment‐dwelling invertebrates, we have evaluated the toxicity of different types of CNTs in 14‐d water‐only exposures to amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus dilutus), ...
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Effects of triclosan on marine benthic and epibenthic organisms
Triclosan is an antimicrobial compound that has been widely used in consumer products such as toothpaste, deodorant, and shampoo. Because of its widespread use, triclosan has been detected in various environmental media, including wastewater, sewage sludge, surface waters, and sediments. Triclosan is acutely toxic to numerous aquatic organisms, but very few studies have been performed on ...
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Interlaboratory comparison of a standardized toxicity test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ISO 10872)
A ring test was carried out within the standardization process of ISO 10872 to evaluate the precision of the toxicity test for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eight different laboratories tested aqueous solutions of the reference substance benzylcetyldimethylammonium chloride as well as native sediments and soils for toxic effects on the growth and reproduction of C. elegans. Validity ...
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Development of QSARs for the toxicity of chlorobenzenes to the soil dwelling springtail Folsomia candida
To meet the goals of Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as formulated by the European Commission, fast and resource‐effective tools are needed to predict the toxicity of compounds in the environment. We developed quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs) for the toxicity of nine chlorinated benzenes to the soil‐dwelling collembolan Folsomia ...
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Semifield testing of a bioremediation tool for atrazine‐contaminated soils: Evaluating the efficacy on soil and aquatic compartments
The present study evaluated the bioremediation efficacy of a cleanup tool for atrazine‐contaminated soils (Pseudomonas sp. ADP plus citrate [P. ADP + CIT]) at a semifield scale, combining chemical and ecotoxicological information. Three experiments representing worst‐case scenarios of atrazine contamination for soil, surface water (due to runoff), and groundwater (due to leaching) were performed ...
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Diagnosis of potential stressors adversely affecting benthic communities in New Bedford Harbor, MA (USA)
Diagnosing the causes of impaired ecosystems in the marine environment is critical for effective management action. When ecological impairment is based on toxicological or biological criteria (i.e. degraded benthic community composition or toxicity test results), managers are faced with the additional problem of diagnosing the cause of impairment before plans can be initiated to reduce the ...
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Distribution behaviour of trace and toxic metals in soil and sediments along the Thane Creek near Mumbai, India
The long biological half lives, non-bio-degradable nature and accumulative properties of trace and toxic heavy metals in aquatic environment has attracted great attention of environmental scientists and ecologist in recent years. Therefore, in the present investigation, we have selected Kalwa Bridge and Balkum sites along the Thane Creek to investigate pollution load due to trace and toxic heavy ...
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Potential of organic filter materials for treating greywater to achieve irrigation quality: a review
The objectives of this literature review were to: (i) evaluate the impact of greywater generated in rural communities, with the emphasis on Jordanian conditions, on soil, plant and public health and assess the need for treatment of this greywater before it is used for irrigation, and (ii) assess the potential of different types of organic by-products as carrier material in different filter units ...
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Biokinetics of Thiobacillus thiooxidans for manganese bioleaching
The waste tailing of metals generated during mining processes is degrading the environment by increasing the soil toxicity, leading to disturbances in the ecosystem. This study was initiated to determine the biokinetics of Thiobacillus thiooxidans for manganese bioleaching in the presence of excess sulphur. In batch studies, the effect of manganese concentration on the leaching efficiency of T. ...
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Clean dirt, no doubt! (Eh?)…Canada’s Nelson Environmental Remediation treats its business with heat and home grown values…
Clean Dirt, No Doubt! Indeed. With a distinctive Northern Canadian accent and a complimentary penchant for hard work, these words resound in the minds of brothers Darryl and Warren Nelson, President and Vice- President respectively, of their contaminated soil-cleaning business, Nelson Environmental Remediation Ltd. (NER). Clean Dirt, No Doubt! is, after all, the Company’s tagline and guiding ...
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Dressing down groundwater contamination
Unlike the late Paul Newman, who bottled his special-recipe salad dressing and sold it in supermarkets, Dr. Robert Borden simply mixes up his own 'dressing' and pumps it into the ground. That’s because the environmental engineering professor and his graduate students are more interested in feeding microbes to clean up contaminated groundwater than in making just another Ranch dressing. “It’s ...
By Redox Tech
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Toxicity of anionic Polyacrylamide formulations when used for erosion control in agriculture
Addition of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to agricultural irrigation water can dramatically reduce erosion of soils. However, the toxicity of PAM to aquatic life, while often claimed to be low, has not been thoroughly evaluated. Five PAM formulations, including two oil-based products, one water-based product, one granular product and one tablet product, were evaluated for acute and/or chronic ...
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Enhanced nitrification in industrial wastewater after augmentation by soil nitrifying enrichments
Nitrification (the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate) is a key process in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater, a crucial step in wastewater purification before reuse or discharge to the environment. In this research, we examined a new strategy for ensuring significant nitrification in toxic industrial wastewater by using stress-tolerant nitrifying enrichment cultures harvested from desert ...
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Southern California Bight 2003 Regional Monitoring Program: Sediment Toxicity
Untitled Document This report is a product of the dedication and hard work of many individuals who share a common goal of improving our understanding of the environmental quality of the Southern California Bight. The authors wish to thank the members of the Bight’03 Steering Committee and Coastal Ecology Planning Committee for supporting the application of ...
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Sediment Toxicity
Untitled Document This report is a product of the dedication and hard work of many individuals who share a common goal of improving our understanding of the environmental quality of the Southern California Bight. The authors wish to thank the members of the Bight’03 Steering Committee and Coastal Ecology Planning Committee for supporting the application of ...
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Use of Daphnia spp. for the Ecotoxicological Assessment of Water Quality in an Agricultural Watershed in South-Central Chile
Because of the importance of surface waters from the Chillán River watershed (Chile) for recreation, agricultural irrigation, and the production of drinking water, local concern about river water quality has increased considerably during the last decade. Agricultural and forestry activities in the watershed, characterized by an intensive use of pesticides, are thought to play an important role in ...
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