acute toxicity Articles
-
Biotic Ligand Model of the Acute Toxicity of Metals, 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in Freshwater Fish and Daphnia
The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and ...
-
Toxicity of fluoride to aquatic species and evaluation of toxicity modifying factors
A study was performed to investigate the toxicity of fluoride to a variety of freshwater aquatic organisms and to establish whether water quality variables contribute substantively to modifying its toxicity. Water hardness, chloride and alkalinity were tested as possible toxicity modifying factors for fluoride using acute toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Chloride ...
-
Toxicity Screening of Surface Waters in Southern Italy with Toxkit Microbiotests
Abstract : This preliminary study reports on the toxicity of surface waters collected twice in 1997 (once in late spring and once in late autumn) at 19 sampling stations in 5 areas (Domitian, Flegrean, Regi Lagni, Vesuvian and Coast area) in the Province of Naples in Italy. The acute toxicity of the surface waters was determined with a battery composed of 4 microbiotests : the Algaltoxkit ...
-
Acute toxicity of pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin to Hyalella azteca
Fungicide application rates on row crop agriculture have increased across the United States, and subsequently, contamination of adjacent wetlands can occur through spray drift or field runoff. To investigate fungicide toxicity, Hyalella azteca amphipods were exposed to 2 fungicide formulations, Headline and Stratego, and their active strobilurin ingredients, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. ...
-
Evaluation of the combined effects of binary mixtures of sodium hypochlorite and surfactants against Daphnia magna Straus
Detergents and disinfectants have been identified as the most probable products that are responsible for the ecotoxicity of hospital effluents. This study was carried out to evaluate the acute toxicity and the combined effects of binary mixtures of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and three detergents (CTAB, SDS, TX-100) used in hospital medium, on Daphnia magna. Each binary mixture was prepared in ...
-
USE OF FISH EMBRYO TOXICITY TESTS FOR THE PREDICTION OF ACUTE FISH TOXICITY TO CHEMICALS
The Fish Embryo Test (FET) is a potential animal alternative for the acute fish toxicity (AFT) test. A comprehensive validation program assessed 20 different chemicals to understand intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variability for the FET. The FET had sufficient reproducibility across a range of potencies and modes of action. Here the suitability of the FET as an alternative model is subsequently ...
-
Application of species sensitivity distribution in aquatic probabilistic ecological risk assessment of cypermethrin: A case study in an urban stream in South China
A tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) was applied to quantitatively refine the overall probabilistic risk of cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, to aquatic organisms. These results were then validated through the bioassays using field water from an urban stream, Chebei Creek in Guangzhou, South China. Seventeen water samples were collected along Chebei Creek for evaluation. In total, ...
-
Influence of water quality on zinc toxicity to the florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) and sensitivity of freshwater snails to zinc
The present study characterized the influence of water quality characteristics on zinc (Zn) toxicity to the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa) and the sensitivity of freshwater snails to Zn. Standard 96‐h renewal acute toxicity tests were conducted with Zn and juvenile P. paludosa under three each conditions of pH and alkalinity, water hardness, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Median ...
-
Effect‐directed analysis of Elizabeth river pore water: Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
In the present study, we used effect‐directed analysis (EDA) to identify teratogenic compounds in pore water collected from a Superfund site along the Elizabeth River (ER) estuary (Virginia, USA). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the pore water show acute developmental toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis, presumably due to elevated sediment levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ...
-
Acute Toxicity of Nine Pesticides as Determined with Conventional Assays and Alternative Microbiotests
Abstract : Conventional bioassays in aquatic toxicology are time and space consuming and depend on the continuous culture and maintenance of the test species. Since Toxkit microbiotests do not suffer from these handicaps, they seem to be a tempting alternative. In order to find out the potential and the limitation of these new microbiotests the sensitivity of 4 Toxkit microbiotests has been ...
-
Applications of ozone for modern wastewater treatment
Modern Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) efficiently eliminate organic pollution down to Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solids (SS) values of less than 30 mg/l. However, these treated effluents still contain biologically Persistent Organic Matter (POM), characterised by a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of between 50 and more than 100 mg/l. Industrial WWTP effluents have COD ...
-
Effects of photocatalytic pre-treatment of penicillin G formulation effluent on its toxicity and biotreatability
The effect of Fenton-like and photo-Fenton pre-treatment on the toxicity and biodegradability of Procaine Penicillin G (PPG) antibiotic formulation effluent was investigated. Fifty-six percent and 44% COD removal efficiencies were obtained and the BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.10 to 0.45 and from 0.10 to 0.24 after application of photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes, respectively. Overall TOC ...
-
Assessment of genotoxicity of landfill leachate by comet assay using golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum)
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of various inorganic and organic compounds. The possibility of using comet assay in relation to pollutant analysis for characterising genotoxicity of landfill leachate was studied. Golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) was used as the biomonitor with comet assay. Polluted water of fresh and old leachates in different gradients was employed in the experiments. ...
-
Study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem
Water flea (Daphnia magna) and fish (Carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nNi(OH)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem. The 48, 72 and 96 h acute toxicities of water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 to the flea and the fish were tested, using the immobilization and the ...
-
Effects of silver nanoparticles to the freshwater snail Physa acuta: The role of test media and snails' life cycle stage
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are highly used worldwide, which will most likely lead to their release to the environment and subsequently increase environmental concentrations. Therefore studying AgNPs' deleterious effects to organisms is crucial to understand their environmental impacts. The freshwater snail Physa acuta was chosen to evaluate the potential deleterious effects of AgNP and ...
-
Identification and Confirmation of Ammonia Toxicity in Contaminated Sediments using a Modified Toxicity Identification Evaluation Approach
Abstract: Toxicity identification of sediment pore waters from four sites in the upper Scheldt (Belgium) was assessed using a simplified and discriminative toxicity identification evaluation procedure. The samples from all locations exhibited acute toxicity toward the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. Toxicity was removed or considerably reduced by the cation exchange resins and air ...
-
Treatment of diazo dye C.I. Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution by combined process of interior microelectrolysis and ozonation
Interior microelectrolysis (IM) as a pretreatment process was effective to treat Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in this study. The removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and color were 46.05, 39.99 and 98.77%, respectively, when this process was conducted under the following optimal conditions: the volumetric ratio between iron scraps and active carbon (AC) ...
-
Removal of ecotoxicity and COD from tank truck cleaning wastewater
Tank truck cleaning (TTC) activities generate highly complex wastewater. In a previous study, we found that a significant ecotoxic effect was still present in biologically treated TTC wastewater. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the removal of acute toxicity from TTC wastewater by a sequence of technologies routinely applied for industrial wastewater. Acute toxicity was ...
-
The Toxicity Identification of Inorganic Toxicants in Real World Samples
Abstract :The toxicity of a sediment pore water and an effluent was characterized using Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures. Both samples exhibited acute toxicity to the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. The TIE approach was conducted using an enlarged battery of fractionation tests. Toxicity of the pore water sample was removed or reduced significantly by the cation ...
-
Toxicity Monitoring of the Scheldt and Meuse Rivers in Wallonia (Belgium) by Conventional Tests and Microbiotests
Abstract : The Microtox acute toxicity test using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, was chosen as a complementary descriptive parameter of toxic pollution in the framework of monitoring surface water quality in Wallonia, Belgium. In order to examine the samples on a routine basis, ensure a cost-effective approach adapted to the dilution effects, and enhance the sensitivity of the system, ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you