stormwater Articles
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The influence of temperature and salt on metal and sediment removal in stormwater biofilters
Stormwater biofilters are used to treat stormwater runoff. In countries with cold winter climates, biofilters are subject to low temperatures which, in some cases, are combined with potentially high salt concentrations from road de-icing, potentially affecting the biofilter's performance. Since stormwater biofilters have been developed without consideration of their critical winter use, ...
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Evaluating
Escherichia coli removal performance in stormwater biofilters: a preliminary modelling approachStormwater biofilters are not currently optimised for pathogen removal since the behaviour of these pollutants within the stormwater biofilters is poorly understood. Modelling is a common way of optimising these systems, which also provides a better understanding of the major processes that govern the pathogen removal. This paper provides an overview of a laboratory-scale study that ...
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Occurrence of rate limited sorption in stormwater biofiltration systems
Batch and column studies were conducted using synthetic stormwater with mixtures of 0.6 mm glass beads and compost particles of either 1.18 or 4.75 mm. Batch tests showed that rate limited uptake of zinc occurred onto both particle sizes. The column containing the 1.18 mm particles could be fitted by a Freundlich sorption isotherm while the other column exhibited a diffuse front and tailing and ...
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Preliminary stabilisation of stormwater biofilters and loss of filter material
Stabilisation affects performance of stormwater biofilters operating under intermittent wetting and drying, mainly due to wash-off of filter material. Understanding the dynamics of solids wash-off is crucial in designing stormwater biofilters. The current study analysed the dynamics of solids wash-off in stormwater biofilters and quantified the loss of solids from the filter. Four Perspex™ ...
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Improving bioretention/biofiltration performance with restorative maintenance
One of the most popular Stormwater Control Measures is bioretention, or biofiltration. Anecdotal evidence suggests that well-designed bioretention cells are often not adequately installed and that maintenance is lacking, leading to less-than-adequate water storage volume and/or surface infiltration rates post-construction. In March 2009, two sets of bioretention cells were repaired by excavating ...
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Retention of heavy metals by stormwater filtration systems: breakthrough analysis
Biofiltration systems are widely used to mitigate the impacts of stormwater on receiving waters, however their long-term capacity to retain heavy metals has not previously been assessed. Accelerated-dosing laboratory experiments were used to assess the likelihood of breakthrough occurring for three different types of soil-based filter media that are commonly used in stormwater biofilters. In all ...
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Biofiltration as pre-treatment to water harvesting and recycling
This paper presents the results of the long term biofilter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a canal at Carlton, in Sydney. Anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as a single filter media in biofilter columns. Media heights of 75 and 40 cm were used. The filter columns were operated at filtration velocities of 0.12 and 0.25 m/h. The removal efficiency for ...
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Stadiums Adopt Stormwater Management
Decentralized water reuse helps stadium facilities improve water sustainability In a move to increase sustainability, more and more major stadiums in the United States are investing in stormwater management infrastructure, including elements like grass buffer zones that use natural processes to treat stormwater. Some of these innovative systems have been praised for their aesthetic qualities as ...
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Biofilter design for effective nitrogen removal from stormwater – influence of plant species, inflow hydrology and use of a saturated zone
The use of biofilters to remove nitrogen and other pollutants from urban stormwater runoff has demonstrated varied success across laboratory and field studies. Design variables including plant species and use of a saturated zone have large impacts upon performance. A laboratory column study of 22 plant species and designs with varied outlet configuration was conducted across a 1.5-year period ...
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Co-optimisation of phosphorus and nitrogen removal in stormwater biofilters: the role of filter media, vegetation and saturated zone
Biofilters have been shown to effectively treat stormwater and achieve nutrient load reduction targets. However, effluent concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus typically exceed environmental targets for receiving water protection. This study investigates the role of filter media, vegetation and a saturated zone (SZ) in achieving co-optimised nitrogen and phosphorus removal in biofilters. ...
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Investigation into the long-term stormwater pollution removal efficiency of bioretention systems
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of bioretention systems installed worldwide. However, there has only been limited research on the long-term effectiveness of these sustainable urban drainage system devices. This paper presents the results of a series of controlled field experiments investigating the pollutant removal efficiency of three, 10-year-old, ...
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Rich microbial communities inhabit water treatment biofilters and are differentially affected by filter type and sampling depth
Factors affecting microbial diversity (richness) and community structure in biofilter columns were investigated. At a pilot filtration plant, granular activated carbon (GAC), anthracite and sand-based filters were used to treat stormwater from an urban catchment. After 12 weeks operation, sand media filters clogged (hydraulic conductivity declining by 90%) and all filters were destructively ...
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Evaluation of the relative roles of a vegetative filter strip and a biofiltration swale in a treatment train for road runoff
In order to determine the relative importance of a vegetative filter strip and a biofiltration swale in a treatment train for road runoff, US EPA Storm Water Management Model was used to model infiltration and runoff from the filter strip. The model consisted of a series of subcatchments representing the road, the filter strip and the side-slopes of the swale. Simulations were carried out for ...
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