activated carbon Articles
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The removal of organic pollutants from industrial effluents via tapered bed adsorption columns
Tapered bed adsorption columns, using activated carbon, have been used to study the removal of two organic pollutants, an acid dye and para-chlorophenol, from aqueous effluent. Equilibrium sorption isotherms were measured to provide the saturation capacity (qe) of each pollutant by Chemviron Filtrasorb 400 carbon, for operating continuous adsorption columns. The three parameter Redlich-Peterson ...
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Separating micro pollutants by an innovative membrane process.
Combined adsorption of micro pollutants on activated carbon and membrane filtration of MICRODYN-NADIR has proven an alternative to the established activated carbon/precipitation/sand filtration process. Contamination of the environment by micro pollutants has clearly been proved by now. Due to the high concentration of microorganisms and the contamination by antibiotics coming from animal ...
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Effect of low dosages of powdered activated carbon on membrane bioreactor performance
Previous research has demonstrated that powdered activated carbon (PAC), when applied at very low dosages and long SRTs, reduces membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This effect was related to the formation of stronger sludge flocs, which are less sensitive to shear. In this contribution the long-term effect of PAC addition was studied by running two parallel MBRs on sewage. To one of ...
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Quantitative structure property relationships for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto activated carbon
Isotherms were determined for the adsorption of five pharmaceutical residues, primidone, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac, to Calgon Filtrasorb 300 powdered activated carbon (PAC). The sorption behavior was examined in ultra-pure and wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) matrices, where more sorption was observed in the ultra-pure water for PAC doses greater than 10 mg/L ...
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Importance of the order in enhancing EfOM removal by combination of BAC and MIEX®
Biological activated carbon (BAC) is operationally a simple treatment which can be employed to remove effluent organic matter (EfOM) from secondary wastewater effluent (SWWE). Unfortunately, BAC removes only a limited amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Thus, maximizing DOC removal from SWWE using BAC is a major concern in wastewater reuse. This study has investigated a hybrid system of BAC ...
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Toxicity reduction using powder activated Carbon
Petroleum reserves, international politics and economic considerations are driving the domestic petrochemical industry toward heavy and sour crude slates. A consequence of the change is increased concerns related to the wastewater effluent toxicity. In 2005, a powdered activated carbon-activated sludge (PAC-AS) treatment process was installed at a petrochemical facility to reduce whole effluent ...
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High strength distillery wastewater treatment by a PAC-MBR with low PAC dosage
Augmentation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with activated carbon is established to offer several operational advantages. This work investigates the influence of low dosing (2 g/L) of powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different characteristics on the performance of MBR treating high strength molasses distillery wastewater containing difficult-to-biodegrade recalcitrant components. Two ...
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Improving the performance of membrane bioreactors by powdered activated carbon dosing with cost considerations
Effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosing on the overall performance of membrane bioreactors (MBR) were investigated in two bench-scale submerged MBRs. Positive impacts of PAC dosing on membrane fouling and the removal of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethyinylestradiol (EE2) were demonstrated over a six-month stable operational period. PAC dosing in the MBR increased the removal rates of E2 ...
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Effects of powdered activated carbon dosing on sludge characteristics and estrogen removal in membrane bioreactors
Sludge characteristics associated with filterability as well as the removal of a natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) and a synthetic estrogen 17α-ethyinylestradiol (EE2) were investigated in submerged membrane bioreactors (MBR) with and without the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) under the same experimental conditions. Positive impacts of PAC dosing on membrane fouling and the removal ...
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Enhanced treatment of secondary municipal wastewater effluent: comparing (biological) filtration and ozonation in view of micropollutant removal, unselective effluent toxicity, and the potential for real-time control
Ozonation and three (biological) filtration techniques (trickling filtration (TF), slow sand filtration (SSF) and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration) have been evaluated in different combinations as tertiary treatment for municipal wastewater effluent. The removal of 18 multi-class pharmaceuticals, as model trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), has been studied. (Biological) activated ...
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Effect of sponge volume fraction on the performance of a novel fluidized bed bioreactor
A novel fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was designed by integration of anaerobic granular activated carbon and aerobic sponge reactors. This FBBR was evaluated at different sponge volume fractions for treating a synthetic wastewater. Polyester urethane sponge with cube size of 1 × 1 × 1 cm and density of 28–30 kg/m3 with 90 cells per 25 mm was used as biomass carrier. The ...
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Biodegradation of dairy wastewater using bacterial and fungal local isolates
Dairy wastewater contains high levels of organics and other pollutants. The present study was carried out to investigate the biodegradation process of dairy effluents using some locally isolated bacteria and fungi. Four different dairy effluent samples were collected from Obour and 6th October industrial cities, Egypt. Five bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, ...
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Development and application of a procedure for evaluating the long-term integrity of membranes for the anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AFMBR)
A bench-scale short-term test, developed to predict the long-term integrity of membranes with potential for use in anaerobic fluidized-bed membrane bioreactors, was used to evaluate several commercial hollow-fiber membranes. It was found that membrane performance varied widely, some membranes failing much more rapidly than others. Also found was that larger sizes of the fluidized media, in ...
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Boron removal by activated carbon and microfiltration for pre-treatment of seawater desalination
This study aimed to enhance boron removal through powdered activated carbon adsorption (PAC) and application of a micro-filtration (MF) process as a pretreatment of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. Batch and continuous experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of membrane filtration as well as PAC addition on boron removal in reconstituted seawater. In batch test, two kinds ...
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Application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for membrane fouling control in a pilot-scale MBR system
Membrane fouling is considered to be the most serious drawback in wastewater treatment when using membrane bioreactors (MBRs), leading to membrane permeability decrease and efficiency deterioration. This work aims to develop an integrated methodology for membrane fouling control, using powdered activated carbon (PAC), which will enhance the adsorption of soluble microbial products (SMP) and ...
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Treatment of tannery wastewater for reuse by physico-chemical processes and a membrane bioreactor
Treatment of wastewater from a tannery in Greater Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) was investigated on a pilot scale. After pre-treatment by the tannery that included batch-coagulation and sedimentation, the wastewater was treated by dissolved air flotation, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and granular activated carbon (GAC) for polishing the MBR effluent. The average removal efficiency for organic ...
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From urban municipalities to polar bioremediation: the characterisation and contribution of biogenic minerals for water treatment
Minerals of biological origin have shown significant potential for the separation of contaminants from water worldwide. This study details the contribution of biologically derived minerals to water treatment operations, with a focus on filtration media from urban municipalities and remote cold regions. The results support biofilm-embedded iron and manganese to be the building blocks of ...
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Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates to assess oocyst removal efficacy from a modified slow sand biofiltration water treatment system
There has been a resurgence of interest, technological advancement, and implementation of biologically active slow sand filtration technologies for small-scale potable water treatment in North America. Modelling the fate and transport of pathogenic microorganisms is vital to assess technological safety and for licensing, permitting and regulatory validation. The efficacy of a modified slow sand ...
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Removal of micropollutants with coarse-ground activated carbon for enhanced separation with hydrocyclone classifiers
One key technology to eliminate organic micropollutants (OMP) from wastewater effluent is adsorption using powdered activated carbon (PAC). To avoid a discharge of highly loaded PAC particles into natural water bodies a separation stage has to be implemented. Commonly large settling tanks and flocculation filters with the application of coagulants and flocculation aids are used. In this ...
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Wastewater treatment plant implements MBR – technology for sewage water from hospital
The chemical industry is facing a multitude of economical and environmental challenges. Not only is it detrimental for a chemical plant’s continuous existence in today’s global environment to become more and more cost-effective, the environmental regulations are also becoming increasingly stringent. Hence, the MBR technology with its high quality effluent proves to be a good fit for ...
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