sand filtration Articles
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Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria on biological activated carbon in a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant with different treatment processes
The effects of different placements of rapid sand filtration on nitrification performance of BAC treatment in a pilot-scale plant were evaluated. In this plant, rapid sand filtration was placed after ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (A), while it preceded ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (B). Analysis of amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) combined with ...
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Homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological oxidation of iron(II) in rapid sand filtration
Homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological oxidation may precipitate iron(II) as iron(III) hydroxides. In this paper we evaluate the conditions under which each of these processes is dominant in rapid sand filtration (RSF). It is demonstrated that in the presence of iron(III) hydroxide precipitates homogeneous oxidation is negligible compared with heterogeneous oxidation. As soon as iron oxidizing ...
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Separating micro pollutants by an innovative membrane process.
Combined adsorption of micro pollutants on activated carbon and membrane filtration of MICRODYN-NADIR has proven an alternative to the established activated carbon/precipitation/sand filtration process. Contamination of the environment by micro pollutants has clearly been proved by now. Due to the high concentration of microorganisms and the contamination by antibiotics coming from animal ...
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How to Choose the Right Biological Water Filtration System
There are many different biological treatments of water available. They’re all similar in a number of ways, but share key differences in the specific ways the water is filtered. This article is an informative breakdown of all the different biological water treatment systems that are available and how they work. Slow Sand Filtration This system supports the growth and maintenance of ...
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How to Choose the Right Biological Water Filtration System - Case Study
There are many different biological treatments of water available. They’re all similar in a number of ways, but share key differences in the specific ways the water is filtered. This article is an informative breakdown of all the different biological water treatment systemsthat are available and how they work. Slow Sand Filtration This system supports the growth and maintenance of ...
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An evaluation of MBR and conventional pretreatment for reverse osmosis for water reclamation
Two wastewater polishing systems were compared in terms of their ability to protect downstream reverse osmosis (RO) processes. A conventional full-scale wastewater treatment system with primary and secondary treatment followed by rotating biological contactors (RBC) and sand filtration were compared in a side-by-side study with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). Effluent from the two ...
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Collini metal processing plant
Introduction The submerged membrane bioreactor plant at Collini galvanic industries in the West of Austria is a fine example of process optimization in a complex industrial environment. The plant is owned and operated by Collini and is now in its 3rd year treating wastewater from a metal processing facility. It is sited in an industrial estate and discharges into a small waterway in an Alpine ...
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Removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol through biologically active sand filters
The removal of taste and odour compounds from drinking water is a constant challenge to water authorities. Although adverse odours do not present a risk to human health, their presence often leads to a misconception that the water is unsafe for drinking. 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin are the most common causes of earthy/musty odour, and are not easily removed by conventional treatment ...
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Physicochemical treatment of office and public buildings greywater
The current study analyses the performance of deep sand filtration of greywater from an office building and the performance of a combined physicochemical process comprising of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Raw greywater quality exhibited very high variability with average turbidity of 35 NTU, and TSS, CODt, and BOD of 45, 240, 75 mg/l respectively. The stand-alone filter removed 50 ...
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Improving the biological stability of drinking water by ion exchange
To guarantee a good water quality at the consumer’s tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research is to measure the effect of NOM removal by ion exchange on the biological stability of drinking water. Experiments were performed in two lanes of the pilot plant of Weesperkarspel in the Netherlands. The lanes consisted of ...
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Biological aspects of slow sand filtration: past, present and future
For over 200 years, slow sand filtration (SSF) has been an effective means of treating water for the control of microbiological contaminants in both small and large community water supplies. However, such systems lost popularity to rapid sand filters mainly due to smaller land requirements and less sensitivity to water quality variations. SSF is still a particularly attractive process because its ...
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Biodegradation of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin [Dha7] microcystin-LR within a biologically active sand filter
Cyanobacterial blooms in Thailand waters contain microcystin (MC) hepatotoxins that are a risk to animal and human health. The biodegradation of MCs is a safe and natural method of removal from water. The [Dha7] MC-LR was purified by chromatography, identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and used for examining the biodegradation of MCs. Analysis of MC levels ...
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Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate Nitrogen Removal From Polluted Source Water With Ozonation and BAC Processes
Studies on the removal of ammonia-, nitrite-, and nitrate nitrogen with ozonation (p3), sand filtration (SF), biological activated carbon (BAC), SF-BAC, and/or O3-BAC processes were carried out in two pilot plants and a full scale plant, respectively. The results showed that all of the tested processes exhibited certain nitrogen removal efficiencies, of which both the O3-SF-BAC and O3-BAC ...
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Considerations on the design and financial feasibility of full-scale membrane bioreactors for municipal applications
Based on the practical experience in design and operation of three full-scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) for municipal wastewater treatment that were commissioned since 1999, an overview on the different design concepts that were applied to the three MBR plants is given. The investment costs and the energy consumption of the MBRs and conventional activated sludge (CAS) plants (with and without ...
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Cost comparison of full-scale water reclamation technologies with an emphasis on membrane bioreactors
The paper assesses the costs of full-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX) of Spanish MBR facilities have been verified and compared to activated sludge plants (CAS) using water reclamation treatment (both conventional and advanced). Spanish MBR facilities require a production of 0.6 to 1.2 kWh per m3, while extended aeration (EA) and ...
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Enhanced treatment of secondary municipal wastewater effluent: comparing (biological) filtration and ozonation in view of micropollutant removal, unselective effluent toxicity, and the potential for real-time control
Ozonation and three (biological) filtration techniques (trickling filtration (TF), slow sand filtration (SSF) and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration) have been evaluated in different combinations as tertiary treatment for municipal wastewater effluent. The removal of 18 multi-class pharmaceuticals, as model trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), has been studied. (Biological) activated ...
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Contributions of homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological iron(II) oxidation in aeration and rapid sand filtration (RSF) in field sites
In groundwater treatment, after aeration, iron(II) is precipitated in rapid sand filtration (RSF) by homogeneous, heterogeneous and biological oxidation. The contribution of homogeneous iron(II) oxidation may be calculated from equations and constants available in the literature. Heterogeneous iron(II) oxidation produces hydrous ferric oxides coated filter sand, resulting in a growing filter ...
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On-site evaluation of the removal of 100 micro-pollutants through advanced wastewater treatment processes for reuse applications
The next challenge of wastewater treatment is to reliably remove micro-pollutants at the microgram per litre range in order to meet reuse applications and contribute to reach the good status of the water bodies. A hundred priority and relevant emerging substances were measured to evaluate at full-scale the removal efficiencies of seven advanced treatment lines (one membrane bioreactor process and ...
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Organic matter degradation in a greywater recycling system using a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
Greywater is an important non-conventional water resource which can be treated and recycled in buildings. A decentralized greywater recycling system for 223 inhabitants started operating in 2006 in Berlin, Germany. High load greywater undergoes advanced treatment in a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) followed by sand filtration and UV disinfection. The treated water is used safely ...
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Comparison of the water purification efficiency of two different flocculation-sediment-filtration (FSF) processes in Chaohu Lake in China
A novel biofilter (BF) with the potential to improve pollutant removal when used as a substitute for sand filters in water purification processes is presented. To investigate BF's pollutant removal performance, a flocculation-sediment-biofiltration (FSBF) process was compared with a flocculation-sediment-sand filtration (FSSF) process on a lab scale, with water collected from Chaohu Lake. The ...
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