water filter Articles
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Efficacy of a ceramic siphon household water filter for removal of pathogenic microorganisms: lifespan volume test
Treatment of drinking water at the point of use (POU) has demonstrated health benefits for people who have access only to microbially contaminated drinking water. In this work, the ceramic siphon POU water filter was evaluated for its ability to reduce indicator microorganisms in test waters. During batch challenge tests, the filter reduced Escherichia coli in filtered water by 7 log10 ...
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Assessment of a membrane drinking water filter in an emergency setting
The performance and acceptability of the NeroxTM membrane drinking water filter were evaluated among an internally displaced population in Pakistan. The membrane filter and a control ceramic candle filter were distributed to over 3,000 households. Following a 6-month period, 230 households were visited and filter performance and use were assessed. Only 6% of the visited households still ...
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Virus removal efficiency of Cambodian ceramic pot water purifiers
Virus removal efficiency is described for three types of silver-impregnated, ceramic water filters (CWFs) produced in Cambodia. The tests were completed using freshly scrubbed filters and de-ionized (DI) water as an evaluation of the removal efficiency of the virus in isolation with no other interacting water quality variables. Removal efficiencies between 0.21 and 0.45 log are evidenced, which ...
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Manufacture of a low-cost ceramic microporous filter for the elimination of microorganisms causing common diseases
Africa is one of the most water-scarce continents on earth and the lack of potable water is responsible for the death of approximately 4,900 children every day. An effective way of making sure that water is of good quality is by decontaminating it by means of a household ceramic water filter. The low-cost water filters suitable for the removal of suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and other ...
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City Water International explains The Basics of Water Filtration
The Basics of Water Filtration Most of us know that filtered water is healthier than tap water because of its purity, but how does water filtration work? The basic principle is that filtered water has passed through a filter which removes contaminants through one of several methods, depending on the type of filter. Most water purification systems work in one of three ways by running water ...
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Virus removal efficiency of ceramic water filters: effects of bentonite turbidity
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the ...
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Assessment of the quality, effectiveness, and acceptability of ceramic water filters in Tanzania
Globally, approximately two billion people drink contaminated water. Use of household water treatment (HWT) methods, such as locally manufactured ceramic filters, reduces the diarrheal disease burden associated with unclean water. We evaluated the quality, effectiveness, and acceptability of ceramic filters in two communities in Arusha, Tanzania, by conducting: 1) baseline household surveys ...
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Microbial and chemical assessment of ceramic and BioSand water filters in rural Cambodia
Unless significant advances are made in the water and sanitation sector, it is unlikely that Cambodia will meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target #7 for water and sanitation. Point-of-use technologies (POU), also termed “household water treatment technologies”, have been identified as successful options for providing safe water to rural households. Ceramic water filters ...
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Hom ’: a simple point of use water treatment deviceThis study sought to explore a locally assembled ‘Hom’ point of use water treatment device by assessing aspects of its performance and possible effects of using it on compliant households and communities. The conceptual framework highlights poverty and environmental degradation as causes and consequences of one another, with ill-health caused by water-borne diseases reinforcing both to form a ...
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Development of point-of-use water disinfection technology using ceramic water filter and electrochemical hybrid system
The efficiency of water disinfection using a ceramic water filter and electrochemical hybrid system was investigated. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was effectively inactivated even when a storage battery, charged using a solar panel device, was used for the electrolysis process. During electrolysis, the rate of microbial inactivation was higher at higher initial Cl− concentrations. This was ...
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Evaluation of household drinking water filter distribution programs in Haiti
Household water treatment (HWT) can reduce the diarrheal disease burden in populations without access to safe water. We evaluated five programs that distributed biosand, ceramic, or Sawyer filters in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake and cholera outbreak. We conducted household surveys and tested Escherichia coli and turbidity in stored household untreated and treated water in ∼50 randomly ...
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A critical evaluation of two point-of-use water treatment technologies: can they provide water that meets WHO drinking water guidelines?
Point-of-use (POU) technologies have been proposed as solutions for meeting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for safe water. They reduce the risk of contamination between the water source and the home, by providing treatment at the household level. This study examined two POU technologies commonly used around the world: BioSand and ceramic filters. While the health benefits in terms of ...
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The effects of input materials on ceramic water filter efficacy for household drinking water treatment
Locally manufactured ceramic filters can improve drinking water quality and reduce diarrheal disease burden in developing countries; however, production methods and quality control protocols vary at the >50 factories. We manufactured filter disks with varied clay, burn-out material, burn-out material sieved with different mesh sizes, and burn-out material to clay ratios and calculated ...
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Effectiveness of silver and copper infused ceramic drinking water filters in reducing microbiological contaminants
A series of bench-scale experiments were conducted on ceramic filters with various amounts of silver and/or copper nanoparticles fired-in during the manufacturing process. The experiments were designed to determine the efficacy of the filters on the removal of pathogens from drinking water. Escherichia coli and MS2 were employed as non-pathogenic surrogates for pathogenic organisms. ...
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Accuracy, precision, usability, and cost of portable silver test methods for ceramic filter factories
Locally manufactured ceramic water filters are one effective household drinking water treatment technology. During manufacturing, silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate are applied to prevent microbiological growth within the filter and increase bacterial removal efficacy. Currently, there is no recommendation for manufacturers to test silver concentrations of application solutions or ...
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Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo Province, South Africa: a pilot study of technological performance and human health benefits
Waterborne pathogens present a significant threat to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study presents a randomized, controlled trial that evaluates whether a household-level ceramic water filter (CWF) intervention can improve drinking water quality and decrease days of diarrhea in PLWH in rural South Africa. Seventy-four participants were randomized in an ...
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Calculation of ceramic pot filter hydraulic conductivity using falling-head data
Flowrate is used as a predictor of ceramic pot filter (CPF) disinfection effectiveness, and the relationship between flowrate and porosity has been examined in several studies. However, hydraulic conductivity, not porosity, is the constant of proportionality that describes flow through porous media. Equations have been developed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of CPF side walls and bottom ...
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Ceramic membranes for water treatment
Ceramic membranes, different in pore size and membrane material, were applied to remove particulate and dissolved matter from different spent filter backwash water types as well as from dam water. The study was conducted in pilot scale under conditions typical for waterworks at a dam water treatment plant. A comparison of different ceramic membranes implied that total membrane resistance was more ...
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Working on a Love/Hate Relationship with the Surface Chemistry of Membrane Filters
Water, oils, and solvents sometimes need to be filtered. But when you see filters labeled as hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and now oleophobic; what does all this mean? Sterlitech currently offers membrane disc and sheet filters in 10 different polymer types and 4 inorganic filters. 2 of the polymer types are subdivided into 4 subgroups based on surface chemistry alone. Filters listed as ...
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Evaluation of an emerging water treatment technology: ceramic membranes
Historically, low-pressure membranes (microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)) used in potable water treatment are made of polymers (polysulfone (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) etc). Recently, membranes made of ceramic materials (aluminium oxide) have been developed by MetaWater (Japan), Kubota (Japan) and others and is being marketed in the ...
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