drinking water Articles
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Probabilistic exposure assessment to total trihalomethanes in drinking water: an EVT method
It was proved that some adverse reproductive outcomes are associated with the exposure to trihalomethanes. We define the exposure as the probability with which the total trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water exceeds the maximum level. We apply the Peaks of Threshold model of Extreme Value Theory into assessing the exposure risk for the drinking water in Japanese distribution systems. ...
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United States EPA Method 415.3
Abstract In order to ensure drinking water is safe for human consumption, water treatment plants often add disinfectants to drinking water. The disinfectants, such as chlorine, protect drinking water from pathogens, disease causing organisms, but can react with naturally occurring materials in the water to form byproducts that may be harmful for consumption. The United States Environmental ...
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N-nitrosamines, emerging disinfection by-products of health concern: an overview of occurrence, mechanisms of formation, control and analysis in water
The presence of N-nitrosamines in water bodies used for drinking water purposes may present a more serious risk for humans than regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) species. Hence, understanding and controlling the incidence of N-nitrosamines represents a contemporary challenge to the water industry. Although many of these molecules potentially formed as DBPs are detected in chlorinated ...
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Risk assessment of haloacetic acids in the water supply of Tehran, Iran
Disinfection by-products are compounds occurring in drinking water as a result of reactions between disinfectants and impurities in raw water, and their occurrence has been a public health concern for the last four decades. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one of the major by-products of chlorination. The concentration and variation of HAAs was monitored in 540 samples taken from tap water in six ...
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Data analytics methodology for monitoring quality sensors and events in the Barcelona drinking water network
Water quality management is a key area to guarantee drinking water safety to users. This task is based on disinfection techniques, such as chlorination, applied to the drinking water network to prevent the growth of microorganisms present in the water. The continuous monitoring of water quality parameters is fundamental to assess the sanitary conditions of the drinking water and to detect ...
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Spatial diversity of chlorine residual in a drinking water distribution system: application of an integrated fuzzy logic technique
A reduction in the concentration of chlorine, which is used as a chemical disinfectant for water in drinking water distribution systems, can be considered to be an index of the progressive deterioration of water quality. In this work, attention is given to the spatial distribution of the residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems. The criterion for grouping the water-quality ...
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Full-scale application of nZVI: remediation of deep contamination plume close to source of drinking water
Treatment of an old disposal site proved to be a challenging task due to its improper placement and insufficient ensuring. The site is located in a very complex geological environment and in imminence of the source of drinking water. Therefore, the soluble in-situ reagents cannot be applied here. NANOFER slurry was chosen by the remediation company AQUATEST for removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons ...
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Disinfection by-products in drinking water – a case study on Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been monitored in Calgary's drinking water for approximately 15 years. The variability of the DBPs has typically exhibited similar patterns over the period of monitoring. Due to the nature of the surface waters supplying the water treatment plants, the level of DBPs was largely influenced by surface runoff events where the level of natural organic matter (NOM) ...
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Inactivation of human adenovirus by sequential disinfection with an alternative UV technology and free chlorine
There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to the extreme resistance of human adenoviruses to the traditional UV technology (low-pressure (LP) UV). As an effort to develop an effective treatment strategy against human adenoviruses in drinking water, we determined the effectiveness of sequential disinfection with an alternative UV technology ...
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Impact of biofilms in simulated drinking water and urban heat supply systems
Biofouling and biocorrosion were studied in drinking water and heating water systems by forming biofilms on steel and on polymethylmetacrylate. In the drinking water system, biofilm development was more significant on corroded surfaces, suggesting that in these conditions they were largely protected from disinfection, probably because of sheltering and chlorine demand by corrosion products. In ...
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Case study - Groundwater remediation of a contaminated site using enhanced anaerobic bioremediation
Chlorinated solvents are a common threat to drinking water sources throughout the United States. While handling and disposal practices today are more closely regulated and monitored, this has not always been the case. With dry cleaners using tetrachloroethene (PCE) and industrial manufacturing facilities commonly using a variety of solvents from trichloroethene (TCE) to methylene chloride, past ...
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Health effects of disinfection by-products in Australian drinking waters
The disinfection of drinking water has greatly diminished the occurrence of diseases known to be caused by water-borne pathogens, but technological advances subsequent to the initial discovery of chloroform in 1974 have enabled the identification of a plethora of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs), particularly trihalomethanes (THMs), that may have injurious health effects on humans. DBPs are widely ...
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Synergistic electric field enhancement of the effectiveness of chlorine species formed during electrochemical disinfection of drinking water
In line in situ electrochemical disinfection of drinking water with chloride concentrations as low as 10 mg/L has been demonstrated at practical flow rates of at least 3 m3/day using a novel perforated electrode flow through (PEFT) cell with a 50 μm inter-electrode gap. Sufficient chlorine to achieve 6 log inactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria was produced at applied voltages as low ...
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Residual Control Technology Saves Millions of Gallons of Water While Maintaining Consistent Chloramine Residual Levels Case Study
Loudoun water in Northern Virginia has a history of embracing change and seizing opportunities to create a more robust and sustainable water system. Situated in the fast-growing suburbs of Washington D.C., Loudoun Water provides chloraminated drinking water to over 65,000 households through a networkcomprisedof more than 1,200 miles of pipes and seven water storage tanks. A key element of Loudoun ...
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Drinking water: the problem of chlorinous odours
Chlorinous off-flavours in drinking water are a leading cause of complaints to Australian water utilities and other utilities worldwide. The occurrence and causes of chlorinous odours in drinking water were investigated with the use of an odour panel, trained using a modified flavour profile analysis technique. A new system for classifying water types according to the causes of chlorinous ...
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gaiasafe filter products for drinking water purification - Case Study
Problem In some water works chlorination of drinking water is used to eliminate mikrobes. Chlorinated water may have disagreable taste and smell. Some water works use aluminium salts to clean the water. This leads to low concentrations of aluminium in drinking water. Today it is known that aluminium may be toxic to men. Old piping installations inside or outside private homes often where made of ...
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Effects of phosphorus on biofilm disinfections in model drinking water distribution systems
Drinking water biofilm development is affected by the available nutrient levels and the presence of disinfectants. Phosphorus is recognized as another important limiting nutrient besides organic carbon. In this study, drinking water biofilms were developed in annular reactors to examine the effects of phosphorus on the biofilm disinfections with free chlorine and monochloramine. Phosphorus ...
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Taste and odour and public perceptions: what do our customers really think about their drinking water?
Customers primarily perceive the safety of drinking water on aesthetic qualities. Chlorine, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are common causes of taste and odour complaints in Australia. Variance in customer preference, perception, cultural differences and individual experiences make regulation of these, in the form of guidelines, challenging to establish. Here, analysis of historical ...
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Effect of sodium hypochlorite on typical biofilms formed in drinking water distribution systems
Human health and biological safety problems resulting from urban drinking water pipe network biofilms pollution have attracted wide concern. Despite the inclusion of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems supplies, the bacterium is a recalcitrant human pathogen capable of forming biofilms on pipe walls and causing health risks. Typical drinking water bacterial biofilms and ...
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Project - Standards Raised in MASKi Akpinar Treatment Plant
MASKi Akpinar Arsenic Treatment Plants has been treating and meeting the drinking water demand by 70% of Manisa City Center. In MASKi Akpinar region, the extracted water from the deep wells, which arsenic ratio of the water reduced, was supplied to the city as clean drinking water. At this stage, a more efficient and odorless oxidation system alternatives for commercial sodium hypochlorite began ...
By Kemisan
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