drinking water system Articles
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Spatial diversity of chlorine residual in a drinking water distribution system: application of an integrated fuzzy logic technique
A reduction in the concentration of chlorine, which is used as a chemical disinfectant for water in drinking water distribution systems, can be considered to be an index of the progressive deterioration of water quality. In this work, attention is given to the spatial distribution of the residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems. The criterion for grouping the water-quality ...
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Biofilm formation on materials commonly used in household drinking water systems
Biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that predominate in natural and pathogenic ecosystems. Their formation in drinking water systems creates potential risks for consumers’ health. Herein we tested biofilm formation on materials commonly used for indoor household drinking water systems (copper, PVC and stainless steel) simulating an average family water usage. Water parameters ...
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Haloacetic acid degradation by a biofilm in a simulated drinking water distribution system
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection by-products formed as a result of the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter found in water. HAA concentrations have been observed to decrease at distribution system extremities. This decrease is associated with microbiological degradation by pipe wall biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate HAA degradation in a drinking water ...
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Impact of biofilms in simulated drinking water and urban heat supply systems
Biofouling and biocorrosion were studied in drinking water and heating water systems by forming biofilms on steel and on polymethylmetacrylate. In the drinking water system, biofilm development was more significant on corroded surfaces, suggesting that in these conditions they were largely protected from disinfection, probably because of sheltering and chlorine demand by corrosion products. In ...
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Modelling of haloacetic acid concentrations in a United Kingdom drinking water system
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are formed during the chlorination of water containing organic matter but predictive models for their formation are not well established at present and have not been applied to UK water systems. In this paper two different modelling approaches have been applied and evaluated to a selected UK drinking water system. The first approach involved the development of statistical ...
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Residual Control Technology Saves Millions of Gallons of Water While Maintaining Consistent Chloramine Residual Levels Case Study
Loudoun water in Northern Virginia has a history of embracing change and seizing opportunities to create a more robust and sustainable water system. Situated in the fast-growing suburbs of Washington D.C., Loudoun Water provides chloraminated drinking water to over 65,000 households through a networkcomprisedof more than 1,200 miles of pipes and seven water storage tanks. A key element of Loudoun ...
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Electrochemical inactivation of
Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrodeBacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO2–Sb2O5–SnO2–RuO2) as the anode material in an EC cell ...
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Automated Residual Control Maintains Tank Chloramine Residual Levels and Eliminates Nitrite Issues in 3 Million Gallon Tank Case Study
Automated Residual Control Maintains Tank Chloramine Residual Levels and Eliminates Nitrite Issues in 3 Million GallonTankLoudoun Water in Northern Virginia has a history of embracing change and seizing opportunities to create a more robust and sustainable water system. Situated in the fast-growing suburbs of Washington DC, Loudoun Water provides chloraminated drinking water to over 65,000 ...
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Biofilm forming ability of Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from community drinking water systems on plumbing materials used in water distribution
Sphingomonas paucimobilis, an oligotroph, is well recognized for its potential for biofilm formation. The present study explored the biofilm forming ability of a strain isolated from municipal drinking water on plumbing materials. The intensity of biofilm formation of this strain on different plumbing materials was examined by using 1 × 1 cm2 pieces of six different pipe materials, i.e. ...
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Assessing comprehensive performance of biofilm formation and water quality in drinking water distribution systems
Environmental fluctuations shape biofilm formation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and therefore distributed water quality. Yet the comprehensive performance in response to complex environmental conditions remains unclear. We investigated biofilm formation and distributed water quality under various nutrients, including chlorine concentrations and hydrodynamic conditions. ...
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Strontium adsorption and desorption reactions in model drinking water distribution systems
Divalent cationic strontium (Sr2+) adsorption to and desorption from iron corrosion products were examined in two model drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). One system was maintained with chlorine-disinfected drinking water and the other with the same water with secondary chloramine disinfection. Flow conditions simulated primary transmission lines (constant flow) and residential ...
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Effects of phosphorus on biofilm disinfections in model drinking water distribution systems
Drinking water biofilm development is affected by the available nutrient levels and the presence of disinfectants. Phosphorus is recognized as another important limiting nutrient besides organic carbon. In this study, drinking water biofilms were developed in annular reactors to examine the effects of phosphorus on the biofilm disinfections with free chlorine and monochloramine. Phosphorus ...
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Biofilms and bacteriological water quality in a domestic installation model simulating daily drinking water consumption
The biofilm formation potential of a drinking water supply system is related to the chemical, microbiological and hydrodynamic characteristics of water, and to the pipe materials in contact with water flow. The goals of this study were: to determine the biofilm dynamics in a model of four drinking water installations, to simulate daily household water consumption; to compare the biofilms ...
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Influence factors of organic compounds leaching from PE pipes and the potential toxic effects on E. coli and rat C6 glioma cell
Water quality safety is always a hot topic. Recently there has been a great increase in the use of polyethylene (PE) pipes in drinking water distribution systems in China. Some organics can leach from PE pipes into drinking water, which is undoubtedly harmful for consumers. In this study, potential organics leaching from two Chinese brands of PE pipe were investigated in order to determine ...
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Modeling and analysis of chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate propagation in a drinking water distribution system
The drinking water distribution system of Cremona, in the north of Italy, was monitored for 6 years (2006–2011) analyzing chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlorate concentrations. The software Epanet 2.0 (USEPA) was applied to the distribution system. The mixing zone of the water coming from the two drinking water treatment plants, respectively located to the west and east of the city, was ...
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Probabilistic exposure assessment to total trihalomethanes in drinking water: an EVT method
It was proved that some adverse reproductive outcomes are associated with the exposure to trihalomethanes. We define the exposure as the probability with which the total trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water exceeds the maximum level. We apply the Peaks of Threshold model of Extreme Value Theory into assessing the exposure risk for the drinking water in Japanese distribution systems. ...
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Influencing factors in the occurrence of injured coliforms in the drinking water distribution system in the city of La Plata, Argentina
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influencing factors in the occurrence of coliforms in the drinking water in La Plata (Argentina) from June 1999 to June 2001. A total of 180 samples were collected from Rio de La Plata (102 samples) and Puelche Aquifer (78 samples); 45 samples were collected for each of the four seasons. The membrane filter procedure was used for isolating bacteria, ...
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Project profile - new river elementary – arsenic treatment Phoenix, Arizona
Background In early 2004, AdEdge was pre-qualified and invited to participate in arsenic pilot study of commercial adsorption-based treatment technologies with Damon S. Williams & Associates (DSWA). As an outcome of the successful piloting and preliminary work with the engineer, AdEdge was chosen by Centennial Contractors to perform full scale arsenic treatment using its granular ferric ...
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Project profile - arsenic treatment project Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico
Background In August, 2004, following successful field piloting, AdEdge Technologies, Inc. (AdEdge) was selected by the Pueblo of Isleta, located south of Albuquerque, New Mexico, to provide a turnkey project for furnishing an arsenic treatment system, installation, startup, and commissioning to bring the casino water system into compliance with the new maximum contaminant level (MCL) for ...
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Effect of sodium hypochlorite on typical biofilms formed in drinking water distribution systems
Human health and biological safety problems resulting from urban drinking water pipe network biofilms pollution have attracted wide concern. Despite the inclusion of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution systems supplies, the bacterium is a recalcitrant human pathogen capable of forming biofilms on pipe walls and causing health risks. Typical drinking water bacterial biofilms and ...
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