Desalination plants require huge volumes of seawater for the generation of fresh water. Seawater contains large amounts of microbiological fluids which, when passed through the piping system, form biofouling in the inner surface of the pipeline, which results in the reduction of the flow rate of water without proper chemical treatment. Chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant for water ...
Severn Trent Water is the world’s fourth largest privately-owned water company with over 8 million customers. The company supplies 1,960MI/day across a region covering more than 21,000 square kilometers. Historically two electrochlorination systems provided the disinfection requirements for the potable water at a Severn Trent Water site located at Ogston in north Derbyshire. One of the two ...
The most widespread disinfectant used in the treatment of drinking water is chlorine, which can be applied in a variety of ways. History has taught us that, in bacteriological terms, chlorinating water is a proven way of disinfecting drinking water. After all, more than 75 years have passed since chlorine was used to disinfect drinking water for the first time. Many years of experience have shown ...
In 1998, KEMA developed a new chlorination method called Pulse-Chlorination®. It enables optimal antifouling treatment with a minimum use of chlorine. This technology is based on the principle that in general mussels and clams have a re-covery period after exposure to chlorination before opening fully and restarting filtration. The method takes advantage of this recovery time by using short ...
A novel treatment was tested with groundwater to investigate its arsenic removal under natural conditions. The system utilised in-line electrochlorination to oxidise water constituents without the need for external chemical supply. The oxidised arsenic and iron co-precipitated and were filtered via Greensand Plus™. The filter was catalytically active and provided an emergency oxidant. The ...
Large-scale production of chlorine involves several steps and many pieces of equipment. The plant also simultaneously produces sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)hydrogen gas. A typical plant consists of brine production/treatment, cell operations, chlorine cooling & drying, chlorine compression & liquefaction, liquid chlorine storage & loading, caustic handling, evaporation, storage ...
ABSTRACTDesalination of brackish waters and reclaimed waters using reverse osmosis (RO) is often limited by the options available for concentrate disposal, particularly in inland areas. Dewatering the concentrate is alternative approach to disposal but the available thermal and membrane technologies are still cost prohibitive for most applications. Beneficial reuse of the RO concentrate ...
ABSTRACT Cooling water systems provide optimal conditions for settlement and growth of fouling species, e.g. mussels, oysters and barnacles. Excessive biofouling results in major operational upsets and even unplanned shutdowns. Controlling micro- and macrofouling organisms in once-through cooling water systems is key for safe reliable operation. For this, chlorination is globally still ...