water disinfection Articles
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Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical inactivation of
Escherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus Water disinfection usually requires expensive chemicals or equipment. Chlorination is a common disinfection method, although it is not able to inactivate all pathogens. High concentrations of residual chlorine also cause an unpleasant taste and smell in drinking water. As an alternative, photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical treatment has a high disinfection potential in drinking water by ...
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Hypochlorous Acid Electrolyzed Water Disinfectant Machine: What Is Water Disinfection?
The process of water disinfection helps remove, deactivate or kill different types of pathogenic microorganisms. Typically, microorganisms are either deactivated or destroyed, which results in the termination of the reproduction or growth. If you don't drink water that is free of microorganisms, you may end up falling sick. Let's find out more about it. Sterilization is a common process used to ...
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Sorbents with biocidal properties for disinfection of water for various purposes
Conventional methods for water disinfection, especially chlorination, have a lot of disadvantages and should be perfected or substituted with safer and more efficient methods. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the application of sorbents with high disinfection efficacy. In this study, the opportunity of producing sorbents with biocidal properties based on non-oxidizing biocides ...
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Reference: Potable water disinfection in Luxembourg nature reserve
The Obersauer Nature Reserve in the Luxembourg Ardennes is a natural paradise of valleys, wet meadows and forests. In the heart of the reserve is the Esch-sur-Sûre reservoir, which provides water for around 80% of the country's population. Clean potable water for Luxembourg The 3.8 km² reservoir above the community of Esch-sur-Sûre was built in the 1950s in response to the ...
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Water disinfection by solar radiation in a green house effect device
The water-borne diseases are major concerns in developing countries since they are the main cause of sickness and death among the population in rural communities. The traditional methods such as chlorination and the use of fuelwood to boil water has important environmental consequences and in some cases are rejected by population. The solar water heaters are considered as an effective, low cost ...
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Development and evaluation of a small scale water disinfection system
Provision of microbiologically safe drinking water for people living in the rural areas of developing countries remains a major challenge to date. A simple gravity-driven membrane point of use system was developed based on woven fabric microfiltration (WFMF) membranes. The WFMF is a loose type of membrane (0.45 μm). However, complete disinfection is not achieved with the WFMF, hence it was ...
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Influence of solar water disinfection on immunity against cholera – a review
Cholera remains a problem in developing countries. This is attributed to the unavailability of proper water treatment, sanitary infrastructure and poor hygiene. As a consequence, countries facing cholera outbreaks rely on interventions such as the use of oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics to save lives. In addition to vaccination, the provision of chlorine tablets and hygiene ...
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Assessment of correlation between physiological states of
Escherichia coli cells and their susceptibility to chlorine using flow cytometryThe physiological differences of individual cells of bacterial population may imply the existence of cell subpopulations with different sensitivity to chlorine, which may affect the efficiency of drinking water disinfection. The susceptibility of individual bacterial cells to chlorine was examined using flow cytometry. The inactivation of Escherichia coli cells by chlorine in the populations ...
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Development of point-of-use water disinfection technology using ceramic water filter and electrochemical hybrid system
The efficiency of water disinfection using a ceramic water filter and electrochemical hybrid system was investigated. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was effectively inactivated even when a storage battery, charged using a solar panel device, was used for the electrolysis process. During electrolysis, the rate of microbial inactivation was higher at higher initial Cl− concentrations. This was ...
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Comparative study of disinfectants for use in low-cost gravity driven household water purifiers
Point-of-use (POU) gravity-driven household water purifiers have been proven to be a simple, low-cost and effective intervention for reducing the impact of waterborne diseases in developing countries. The goal of this study was to compare commonly used water disinfectants for their feasibility of adoption in low-cost POU water purifiers. The potency of each candidate disinfectant was evaluated ...
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UV technology - unique in water disinfection
Due to its undisputable Success & Efficiency in destroying Cryptosporidium and Combined Chlorine, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Recommend installing UV Systems It has taken many years of testing to convince the pool market that the most reliable and best available option for treating and disinfecting water is through using Ultraviolet (UV) technology. UV systems have ...
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Formation characteristics of haloacetic acids from phenols in drinking water chlorination
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are typical chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water. Apart from natural organic matter, synthetic organic compounds in raw water contribute to HAAs due to their high frequency of detection in raw water and high reactive activities with chlorine. Formation characteristics of HAAs from synthetic organic compounds were investigated using seven phenols as ...
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Developmental effects and genotoxicity of 10 water disinfection by-products in zebrafish
Disinfection by-products are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five ...
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A new method for efficient detection of Cryptosporidium RNA by real-time reverse transcription-PCR with surfactants
Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of waterborne diseases worldwide. Its oocysts possess a robust wall that is extremely resistant to the chlorine used for potable water disinfection. The current procedures of nucleic acid extraction and purification, such as the freeze–thaw (F/T) method and the commercial kits, are time consuming and expensive. To this end, a surfactant ...
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Ideal for onsite chlorine applications - Case Study
Water treatment could be applied to various fields, our anodes are currently used for Sodium Hypochlorite and Electrolysis of water. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a compound that can be effectively used for water purification. It is used on a large scale for surface purification, bleaching, odor removal and water disinfection. It can be also applied in sanitary wastewater and industrial ...
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Removing 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous environments by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation using synthesized MgO nanoparticles
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is one of the seriously toxic chlorophenol compounds found in agricultural environments, in water disinfected by chlorine, and in outgoing effluents from the pulp and paper industries and paper manufacturing factories. This research studied the feasibility of using MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) as a catalyst in the ozonation process for removing 2,4-DCP from aqueous ...
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Chlorine levels in pools
In response to a SportExcel CPD seminar in April 2004 on pool water disinfection ISRM is reissuing this updated guidance. Also, recent press reports have highlighted the theoretical risks of high chlorine levels in swimming pools in relation to both pregnant women and levels of childhood asthma. This further reinforces the need for operators to provide the highest pool water standards possible. ...
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The effect of chlorine and combined chlorine/UV treatment on coliphages in drinking water disinfection
Chlorine disinfection is a globally used method to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, it has not always been successful against viruses and, therefore, it is important to find new methods to disinfect water. Seventeen different coliphages were isolated from the treated municipal wastewater. These coliphages and MS2 were treated with different dosages of chlorine in drinking water, ...
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Evaluation of approaches for consumers to eliminate chlorine off-flavors from drinking water at point-of-use
Chlorine off-flavors of tap water have caused dissatisfaction and distrust from some consumers, placing pressure on operators concerning water disinfection. Evaluating practical approaches for eliminating chlorinous off-flavors by consumers at point-of-use while avoiding production of toxic byproducts is a practical concern. Three recognized dechlorination methods: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ...
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Electrochemical inactivation of
Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrodeBacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO2–Sb2O5–SnO2–RuO2) as the anode material in an EC cell ...
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