Articles
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Endowments, preferences, technologies and abatement: growth-environment microfoundations
Will economic growth inevitably degrade the environment, throughout development? We present a household-level framework emphasising the trade-off between consumption that causes pollution and pollution-reducing abatement. Our model provides a simple explanation for upward-turning, non-monotonic paths of environmental quality during economic growth. Its innovation yields sufficient conditions that ...
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Environmental damage, abatement and sustainable economic growth
This paper investigates the impact of abatement policies on the environment and economic growth. Environmental damage is a by-product of industrial production. As pollution reduces the welfare of every individual, it constitutes a negative impact of production. We focus on abatement policies to regenerate the environment. In social optimum, we obtain a simple rule for abatement expenditures. ...
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Infant and perinatal mortality rates in the cohort of offspring of Mayak workers
A study on the rates of infant and perinatal mortality based on the offspring cohort of the Ozyorsk residents including all children born in Ozyorsk (or the ones who moved in as children), who spent at least one year in Ozyorsk, has been conducted. Cohorts of children of different years of birth were studied, taking into account the parents' occupational exposure to sources of ionising radiation. ...
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Isotope correlations for determining the isotopic composition of plutonium produced in research and power reactors using the experimental data obtained by alpha and mass spectrometry
Correlations have been developed for obtaining the isotopic composition of Pu produced in Indian research (CIRUS, DHRUVA) and power (PHWR) reactors. The experimental data obtained on 238Pu/(239Pu + 240Pu) alpha activity ratio using alpha spectrometry and on 240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu, 242Pu/239Pu atom ratios by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry were used for developing isotope ...
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An IAEA survey on the current status of knowledge preservation in nuclear and supporting organisations
Knowledge Preservation (KP) is part of the larger process of knowledge management and a variety of methods and tools are used to capture, process, organise, store, retrieve, exchange and communicate nuclear knowledge. A benchmark survey was conducted to determine the current and anticipated status of nuclear KP in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) member states. This article presents an ...
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International environmental cooperation with risk aversion
This paper models global environmental policy in a stochastic setting: reducing pollution not only reduces expected environmental damage but also its spread. The national incentives to cooperate are analysed under adverse conditions: expected payoffs are taken to have the structure of a (static) prisoners' dilemma. It is shown that, even then, incentives to cooperate unilaterally or even ...
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Systems modelling in industrial ecosystems: towards an integrating framework
This paper considers Industrial Ecology (IE) and Industrial Ecosystems (IES) from an interventionistic perspective, and outlines the ontology of the Intellectual Resources System (IRS), consisting of metaphors, Operational Research and Systems (ORS) methodologies and modelling formalisms, which are employed to facilitate the transition to sustainability through IE. Towards this end, it discusses ...
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Service/Product Engineering as a potential approach to value enhancement in supply chains
Beginning with a historical analysis of the application of value chain models in production systems, this paper highlights the issue of efficiency in conventional design and providing products and services and proposes a multifunctional approach to minimise the wasted value within the supply chain. Service/Product Engineering (SPE), a new engineering discipline, is suggested as a potential ...
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The effects of 'country-of-origin' and 'corporate image' on the perceptions of product quality and purchase intention
This study analyses how consumer perceptions on the quality of products are influenced by the marketing appeals of multinational firms and by the country-of-origin effects. It presents findings derived from the results of country-of-origin effect, corporate image, its brand image and purchase intention survey conducted in Almaty, Kazakhstan, one of the CIS countries that are considered as ...
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Socioeconomic Impact Assessment in Saudi Arabia: problems and perspectives
The Socioeconomic Impact Assessment (SIA) specialists face a host of challenges in interpreting the importance of social and economic impacts. Evidence is abundant in the literature about the serious implications resulting from incomplete or prejudiced SIA analyses during execution of the projects and beyond. This paper conceptualises the significance of social and economic impacts, and discusses ...
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Transportation visibility and information sharing: a case study of actors' requirements
Information exchange between suppliers and customers has been extensively researched in recent years, but generally the transport operators have not been addressed. This work describes the information needs coupled with activities in an international transportation setup. To model the information necessary for each activity, an in-depth, exploratory single-case study of the intermodal ...
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Energy related environmental impact reduction opportunities in machine design: case study of a laser cutting machine
Energy consumption is responsible for a substantial part of the environmental impact generated by industrial production (Gutowski et al., 2006). Currently, minimising the energy consumption is hardly a priority for many machine designers, since they concentrate primarily on improving functionality, accuracy and safety. Nevertheless, alternative machine designs with improved energy consumption are ...
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Application of the central composite design for condition optimization for semi-aerobic landfill leachate treatment using electrochemical oxidation
In the present study, Electrochemical Oxidation was used to remove COD and color from semi-aerobic landfill leachate collected from Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS), Penang, Malaysia. Experiments were conducted in a batch laboratory-scale system in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and aluminum electrodes. Central composite design (CCD) under Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to ...
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Air pollution and restricted activity days among New Zealand school children and staff
Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects. However, the influence of exposure to particulate pollution on non-notifiable health outcomes such as individual-level restricted activity is less well understood. Days absent from work or school were collected for 2257 students and teachers at eight secondary schools in Christchurch, New Zealand. ...
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Food Safety Education for Arabic Speakers in the Food Service Industry
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of why food safety information based on U.S. standards is needed in a much wider array of languages. Arabic speakers, a small but significant population within the food service community, will be used as an illustrative example of the need for food safety information in other ...
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Getting ahead of the Caribou - pitdry process—innovative solidification solution for spent drilling fluids
An oil company has been producing oil and gas in British Columbia’s Southern Foothills since 1992. The operator has continuously invested in the area and recently opened up new gas producing wells northwest of Fort St John, the largest city in the northeast region of British Columbia. The new wells are situated 4,600 feet above sea level in a rigid mountain terrain. The viable way to connect ...
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Designing robust water planning institutions in remote regions: a case of Georgina and Diamantina catchment in Australia
Several catchment-based water planning processes are currently underway in Australia, with the Water Reform Agreement of 1994 providing the legislative umbrella. This paper presents the results of a case study conducted in the joint catchment of the Diamantina and Georgina rivers, located in the remote central-west part of the state of Queensland. The paper investigates the new water planning ...
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Dielectric Constant Determination of Soils at L Band Microwave Frequencies
The use of microwaves as a nondestructive testing method for penetrating the ground and detecting subsurface details and anomalies is currently receiving active consideration. All variations of the technique require knowledge of the dielectric constant of the soil being penetrated by the microwaves. This paper presents a method for determining the dielectric constant of soils under various ...
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Differential Flow Patterns Through Compacted Clays
The determination of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays is vital when the clay is to be used as a liner for contaminant of hazardous waste. Therefore different types of permeameters were used and modified to investigate the homogeneity of a compacted specimens.Flexible wall and fixed wall permeameters were modified using multiple ring bases to determine the magnitude of differential ...
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Parameter Sensitivity of Hydraulic Conductivity Testing Procedure
A methodology is presented that allows researchers to identify which parameters have the largest effect on key parameter(s), and thereby a priori direct investigations to concentrate on the most important area(s) of concern. Laboratory testing is often used in research to establish the effect of one or more parameters on one or more other parameters of concern. Because laboratory testing often is ...
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