water sampling Articles
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FRAC Operations Treatability Report - Case study
The water sample from a CUDD Energy oil field site was treated for solids reduction, BOD reduction, metals and dissolved metals. The table below shows the results of the analytical, with the untreated water sample and sample treated with Floccin TR-1. The jar tests below show the effect of the Floccin ...
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When should stream water be sampled to be most informative for event-based, multi-criteria model calibration?
Isotope data from streamflow samples taken during rainfall or snowmelt events can be useful for model calibration, particularly to improve model consistency and to reduce parameter uncertainty. To reduce the costs associated with stream water sampling, it is important to choose sampling times with a high information content. We used the Birkenes model and synthetic rainfall, streamflow and ...
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Extraction of trace tilmicosin in real water samples using ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems
The effective method of ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase extraction, which involves ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methyllimidazolium chloride, [C4mim]Cl) and inorganic salt (K2HPO4) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), has been used to extract trace tilmicosin in real water samples which were passed through a 0.45 μm filter. The effects of the different types of ...
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Removal of chromium(III) from water samples by a low-cost sorbent: application to a mixture of chromium(III) and chromium(VI)
Adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions and water samples has been investigated using Powdered Marble Waste (PMW). The effect of solution pH, initial metal concentration, sorbent dose, shaking time, temperature, and foreign ions on the adsorption of Cr(III) was studied. It was found that the sorption capacity increased with the increase of Cr(III) concentration and ...
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Fermentation tube test statistics for direct water sampling and comments on the Thomas formula
This article describes a new interpretation of the Fermentation Tube Test (FTT) performed on water samples drawn from natural waters polluted by faecal bacteria. A novel general procedure to calculate the Most Probable Number of bacteria (MPN) in natural waters has been derived for the FTT for both direct and independent repetitive multiple water sampling. The generalization based on solving the ...
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Cyclospora cayetanensis travels in tap water on Italian trainsTap water samples from the toilets of an Italian national railway train were collected over a period of 10 months and tested for the presence of Cyclospora cayetanensis (C. cayetanensis) using EvaGreen® real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for protozoan detection and oocyst quantification. C. cayetanensis positive samples ...
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Supramolecular solvent-based extraction coupled with vortex-mixing for determination of palladium and silver in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
A simple and practical extraction method of supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) was developed for separation and enrichment of trace amounts of palladium (Pd) and silver (Ag) in water samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) analysis. The SUPRAS selected was made up of an aqueous solution containing tetrahydrofuran and nonanoic acid. Pd and Ag reacted with ...
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Ground water sampling bias observed in shallow conventional wells
EPA’s Hutchins and Acree present the results of their field research showing the misleading data that are often generated using samples collected from conventional monitoring wells. They conclude that “These data provide an additional example where cluster well points or other methods of obtaining depth-discrete samples would be required to provide an accurate assessment of either the extent of ...
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Water turbidity detector introduction
Water turbidity detector Turbidity detector is an instrument used to measure the turbidity of water samples. It determines the turbidity of a water sample by measuring the degree of scattering of light through it. Turbidity detector is widely used in water treatment, environmental protection, health supervision and other fields.The working principle of the turbidity detector is based on the ...
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A method of high sensitivity and
in situ determination of trace cobalt(II) in water samples with salicyl fluoroneBased on the sensitive reaction of Co(II) and salicyl fluorone with the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide in basic solution, a new method of flow injection micelle-solubilized spectrophotometry was developed for the determination of cobalt. The reaction was monitored for the absorbance of Co(II) at 540 nm. The reagents, flow injection variables and effects of foreign ions were investigated ...
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Sensitive quantification of trace zinc in water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry
A simple and sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetry method was developed for determination of Zn using N-nitrozo-N-phenylhydroxylamine (cupferron) as a selective complexing agent. This complex absorbed on the hanging mercury drop electrode and created a sensitive peak current. The peak current and concentration of zinc accorded with a linear relationship in the range of 0.85–320 ng ...
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Detection of enteroviruses from water samples using optimised RT-PCR with universal primers
A method for rapid detection of enteroviruses in water sample was established by using RT-PCR with universal primers with PV1, PV2, PV3 and CVB3 as the reference viruses. The conditions for simultaneous detection of different enteroviruses were experimentally determined and the detection limit of virus was found to be 38CCID50. Virus concentration, RNA extraction and RT-PCR operation were the ...
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Road-runoff metal concentrations in Toledo, Ohio, and their relation to average daily traffic and age of pavement overlay
Road runoff can contain metal concentrations and sampling of it can be expensive if auto-samplers are used. In this study, an inexpensive storm water sampling apparatus was developed and used for collecting the road runoff at eleven different sites in Toledo area. Sites were selected with the purpose of evaluating the effects of average daily traffic (ADT) and the age of pavement overlay on road ...
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Quantitative assessment of
Naegleria fowleri andEscherichia coli concentrations within a Texas reservoirPrevious presence/absence studies have indicated a correlation between the presence of the pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri and the presence of bacteria, such as the fecal indicator Escherichia coli, in environmental surface waters. The objective of this study was to use quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methodologies to measure N. fowleri and E. coli concentrations ...
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Why can’t I control the pH of my aquifer? - pH and Acidity are not the same
Acidity is the amount of base required to neutralize acids present in a water sample. This is important because it determines the amount of buffer required to adjust aquifer pH. Since acids can disassociate to different extents, two solutions with the same pH can have different acidities. The figure to the right shows the pH of solutions containing 0.5 N HCl and 1.0 N acetic acid. The initial pH ...
By Redox Tech
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Circuit Board Manufacturer
A circuit board manufacturer was having difficulty with copper and zinc in their wastewater stream. The metals come from etching and plating processes at the facility. Integrated Engineers treated the water with IE-061 (a metal precipitant), and Floccin-1105. The photo on the left shows untreated and treated water samples. Note the clarity of the water in the treated sample. The photo on the ...
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Detection of bisphenol A in water samples using ELISA determination method
In order to study whether bisphenol A (BPA) can pass into drinking water from polycarbonate barrel and exist in the river and industrial effluent the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of BPA was established. The results presented an inhibition concentration at 50% absorbance (IC50) of 0.123 mg L−1, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 9.934 μg ...
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Simultaneous preconcentration of cadmium and chromium(III) in water samples by cloud point extraction and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
A sensitive and simple method for flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of traces of cadmium and chromium(III) species in water samples after preconcentration by cloud point extraction has been developed. A novel complex agent of alizarin complexone with cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr(III)) was quantitatively extracted in surface primary alcohol ethoxylate-rich phase at 33 ...
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A new ligandless cloud point extraction method for preconcentration of iron from natural water samples and FAAS detection
A simple, efficient and inexpensive ligandless cloud point extraction method was developed for the preconcentration of trace amounts of iron from natural water samples, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry detection. The proposed method is based on the extraction of Fe(III) ions at pH 7.0 using the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 without the addition of any chelating ligand. The ...
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