desalination membrane Articles
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A New Fast Acting Low PH Cleaner Paves the Way for a New Cleaning Philosophy for Integrated Membrane Systems
Abstract For many years ultrafiltration/microfiltration (UF/MF) has been replacing multi-media filtration as a seawater reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) pre-treatment system. Initially the systems were treated as individual unit operations and optimized as such. However, the similarity in the flux maintenance requirements of the particle removal membranes and the desalination ...
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Possibility of nuclear desalination through various membrane distillation configurations: a comparative study
Three membrane distillation processes, direct contact membrane distillation, sweeping gas membrane distillation and vacuum membrane distillation, have been experimentally studied in a shell-and-tube capillary membrane module. Preliminary experiments were conducted using distilled water and sodium chloride aqueous solutions as feed. The effects of the operating parameters - flow rate, temperature ...
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Desalination of simulated seawater by purge-air pervaporation using an innovative fabricated membrane
An innovative polymeric membrane has been invented, which presents a breakthrough in the field of desalination membranes. It can desalinate simulated seawater of exceptionally high concentration to produce a high flux of potable water with over 99.7% salt rejection (%SR) in a once-through purge-air pervaporation (PV) process. A set-up was constructed for conducting the ...
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New trends in power and desalination integrated systems
Demand for desalinated water has increased sharply in recent years, not only in desert areas but also worldwide. To be able to meet such challenging future demand whilst maintaining reasonable water costs that can be sustained by the end users, real water management should be developed. This should include the limitation of leakages in the water distribution mains, adequate design of end user ...
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Direct contact membrane distillation for nuclear desalination. Part I: Review of membranes used in membrane distillation and methods for their characterisation
Membrane distillation (MD) is a relatively novel membrane technology considered by the researchers as a potential method for seawater desalination. In the first issue of this journal, the possibility of nuclear desalination by MD was discussed comparing various MD configurations. The present paper firstly reviews the membranes used in MD and the methods of their characterisation, among them ...
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Sustainable improvement of drinking water quality by nanofiltration powered by renewable energy
Desalination membrane technology is increasingly used for water production. However, the main disadvantage of desalination is related to energy consumption and CO2 emissions, so desalination powered by renewable energy (RE) is getting interest. In this study nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been used for drinking water quality improvement in a pilot plant (50 m3/day) powered by RE (11.0 kW). ...
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Desalination of brackish groundwater by direct contact membrane distillation
The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applied for desalination of brackish groundwater with self-made polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes was presented in the paper. The PVDF membrane exhibited high rejection of non-volatile inorganic salt solutes and a maximum permeate flux 24.5 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained with feed temperature at 70°C. The DCMD experimental results indicated that the ...
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Graphene Sieve Material Promising as Desalination Membrane
A new graphene-based material with a sievelike structure may prove to be an efficient, affordable material for desalination membranes. Scientists from the University of Manchester’s National Graphene Institute developed the graphene oxide, according to the BBC. The material could help make small-scale desalination affordable, which may help those without access to clean drinking water. ...
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Membrane Free Volume Characterization
Free Volume in Reverse Osmosis Membrane Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the leading technique for water desalination. RO membranes have been optimized over the past three decades. Typically, commerical RO membranes can produce drinking water from seawater. Water and salt transport through RO membrane follows the so-called Solution-Diffusion Model. Particularly, during separation, water and salt ...
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Preparation of three-bore hollow fiber charged nanofiltration membrane for separation of organics and salts
Three-bore hollow fiber charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP). The results showed that the flux and rejection of NF membrane prepared in this study increased with the increasing in the operating pressure. The water flux decreased and rejection for obvious dyes increased as the solute concentration increased. The separation factor for mixture of ...
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Application of high flux brackish water thin film composite membranes in the desalination of highly saline ground water
The improvements in flux and membrane designs have enabled us to install smaller and economical two-stage reverse osmosis systems suitable for small village communities situated near coastal areas to provide safe drinking water. In addition, the advent of higher productivity and better salt rejection membranes has allowed us to operate the systems at low pressure in both stages. Our two-stage ...
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Strategy of deriving 'wealth from waste' from concentrated brine of desalination plant
Research and technological developments are being pursued vigorously all over the world to reduce the cost of desalinated water. Thermal and membrane-based desalination processes are very well known and plants are being operated to augment the demand of fresh water essential for drinking in water-scarce countries and to sustain the industrial processes. Any further improvement in energy reduction ...
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AWA’s Membrane and Desalination Conference
AWA’s Membranes & Desalination Conference brings together industry professional and engages you to look back at a decade of desalination developments and forward to a future of climate resilient innovations. It hosts several pre-conference workshops, networking events and includes a line-up of influential speakers. This year, the President & CEO of LuminUltra, Pat Whalen was ...
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Cost effective way to harvest estuarine water: variable salinity desalination concept
Singapore, a small island city-state with some 700 km2 in land area and a population of 4.5 million, is always looking for innovative ways to find new water sources to meet its growing need for water. Rain falling in the urban fringe catchments is not harvested; these areas experience bouts of heavy rain but dry up during the dry season and, as such, the conventional approach of constructing ...
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Transparent exopolymer particles: Potential agents for organic fouling and
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are ubiquitous in marine and freshwaters, and have been subject to intensive study by oceanographers and limnologists over the past 15 years. These microscopic organic particles (visualized by Alcian Blue staining for acid polysaccharides) may be considered a planktonic form of exopolymeric substances (EPS). Two aspects relating to the potential involvement ...
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Seawater desalination technologies
The distribution of the total water available in various places on the earth is delineated in this paper. This paper discusses various desalination technologies like membrane technology and thermal technology. Membrane technology includes Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration, Electrodialysis and Electrodialysis Reversal, whereas thermal technology includes Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Distillation, ...
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R&D areas for next-generation desalination and water purification technologies
By 2020, desalination and water purification technologies are expected to contribute significantly to ensure a safe, sustainable, affordable and adequate water supply in India. The cost of producing water from the current-generation desalination technologies has declined over time at a rate of only approximately 4% per year. Hence the need to accelerate our Research and Development (R&D) ...
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On the performance limitation of reverse osmosis water desalination systems
The performance of Reverse Osmosis (RO) water desalination processes was investigated using a simulated brackish water plant based on spiral-wound membranes. A semi-rigorous mathematical model was employed in the simulation to calculate the water and salt fluxes at any point along the filtration channel. The effects of two key parameters, namely the transmembrane pressure and membrane surface ...
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Synthesis and characterization of composite polysulfone membranes for desalination in nanofiltration technique
Composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane was developed polyacrylic acid (PAA) in situ UV graft polymerization process using ultrafiltration (UF) polysulfone (PSF) membrane as porous support. FT-IR spectra indicated that grafting was performed and it show peaks at 1,732 cm−1 and 3,396 cm−1 region for CO and OH starching bond of acrylic acid (AA) monomer, respectively. AFM microscopy showed the ...
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Thermodynamic efficiencies and GHG emissions of alternative desalination processes
Three alternative approaches to desalinating seawater were evaluated with respect to their thermodynamic efficiencies and greenhouse-gas emissions. The technologies considered were multistage flash distillation (MSF), reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane distillation (MD). The analysis was based on published stream data from large-scale operational MSF and RO facilities and experimental-scale data ...
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