assay Articles
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Characterisation of biodegradable organic matter in reclaimed water using a bacterial growth fingerprint assay
Microbial regrowth, microbial growth after disinfection, is an important problem that deteriorates water quality during the storage and distribution of reclaimed water. Biodegradable organic matter (BOM) that remains after water reclamation processes directly promotes microbial regrowth. In this study we propose a novel assay called the ‘bacterial growth fingerprint (BGF)’ to characterise BOM ...
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Genotoxicity testing of samples generated during UV/H2O2 treatment of surface water for the production of drinking water using the Ames test
in vitro and the Comet assay and the SCE testin vivo UV/H2O2 treatment can be part of the process converting surface water to drinking water, but would pose a potential problem when resulting in genotoxicity. This study investigates the genotoxicity of samples collected from the water treatment plant Andijk, applying UV/H2O2 treatment with an electrical energy dose of 0.54 kWh/m3 and a H2O2 dose of 6 mg/l. Genotoxicity was tested in vitro using ...
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Biocatalysed acidification and metal leaching processes in sediments of polluted urban streams
Sediments of fluvial streams are a sink for pollutants such as heavy metals and organic recalcitrant compounds. In anoxic conditions, sulphide generation and alkalinisation cause precipitation of heavy metals. The redox potential of the system could change to higher values, mainly owing to oxygen exposition generated by anthropogenic disturbances of the sediment such as dredging operations. ...
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Removal of norovirus from water by coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes
In this study, we determined the removal of a prototype human norovirus (Norwalk virus, NV) by bench-scale alum coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for norovirus assays. After determining optimum conditions for the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in terms of turbidity reduction, jar tests were ...
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Bioplastic production using wood mill effluents as feedstock
Fibreboard production is one of the most important industrial activities in Galicia (Spain). Great amounts of wastewater are generated, with properties depending on the type of wood, treatment process, final product and water reusing, among others. These effluents are characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand, low pH and nutrients limitation. Although anaerobic digestion is one of the most ...
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Researchers discover high uranium levels in south India groundwater
The uranium isotopes during their course of their disintegration decay into other radioactive elements and eventually decay into stable lead isotopes. The cause of environmental concern is the emanation of beta and gamma radiation during disintegration. The present study tends to estimate uranium in groundwater trapped in granite and gneiss rocks. Besides, the study aims at estimating the ...
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Evaluation of mutagenic activity of organic micropollutants present in surface waters
Surface water to be employed in drinking water supplies can be characterised both by chemical analysis and mutagenic activity in order to detect genotoxic compounds present as environmental pollutants or produced by drinking water treatments. In our experimental conditions, only two samples out of seven raw and four processed water extracts (Amberlite XAD-2 concentration) gave mutagenic effects ...
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Comparison of extracts and toxicities of organic compounds in drinking water concentrated by single and composite XAD resins
We compared extracts and toxicities of organic compounds (OCs) in drinking water concentrated by composite XAD-2/8 resin (mixed with an equal volume of XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins) with those extracted by single XAD-2 (non-polar) and XAD-8 (polar) resins. Drinking water was processed from raw water of the Han River and the Yangtze River in Wuhan section, China. The extraction efficiency of all ...
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Ozone-based reclamation of an STP effluent
The system ozone and hydrogen peroxide was used to reclaim wastewater from the secondary clarifier from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid-Spain). The assays were performed by bubbling a gas mixture of oxygen and ozone, with ~24 g Nm-3 of ozone concentration, through a volume of wastewater samples for 20 minutes at 25°C . The removal of dissolved ...
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Toxicity assessment of oil field produced water treated by evaporative processes to produce water to irrigation
During the productive life of an oil well, a high quantity of produced water is extracted together with the oil, and it may achieve up to 99% in the end of the well's economical life. Desalination is one of mankind's earliest forms of saline water treatment, and nowadays, it is still a common process used throughout the world. A single-effect mechanical vapor compression (MVC) process was tested. ...
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Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separation Testing
The electromagnetic laboratory-scale Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (WHIMS) removes fine magnetics and para-magnetics from mineral slurries. Handling minerals in a slurry or suspension is preferable for many processors, especially when beneficiation involves wet processing. Additionally, a wet process often produces a better separation for very fine materials. To see video, please click ...
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Biological Water Testing
Improving Water Monitoring for Pathogens and other Microorganisms Water quality and purity is essential for public and environmental health but monitoring drinking water and wastewater for microbial orgamisms can be difficult and time consuming. In this article we want to highlight the Real-time PCR-based detection methods for some major pathogens and microorganisms that increases analysis ...
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