fouling Articles
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Ion ScaleBuster Water Conditioning - Pre Membrane Pretreatment 1 - Case Study
OVERVIEW Membrane systems require proper pre-treatment to avoid scaling and biological fouling of the membranes (which shorten membrane life expectancy and high Operation Expenditure, downtime and chemical use). WATER SYSTEM CHALLENGES Scale and fouling of the membranes require use of anti-scalants and disinfection solutions and cause not only downtime but also high operation costs (not always ...
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How to update your cooling system solve the problem of limescale?
Limescale is a critical problem in industrial cooling system. Limescale would cause cooling water circuit be blocked that would result in machine halt. How to solve the problem of fouling in cooling system? (Fouling is the accumulation of any deposit such as inorganic molecules, organic molecules, organisms, biofilm, etc.) This issue can’t be ignored anymore if you want to optimize the ...
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Deposit membrane fouling: influence of specific cake layer resistance and tangential shear stresses
Cake fouling is the leading cause of membrane permeability decrease when filtering mixed liquor suspension containing high suspended solid concentrations. A simple model is proposed to simulate the cake resistance evolution with time by considering a macro-scale fouling linked only to the accumulation of particles on the membrane surface. This accumulation appears as the difference between the ...
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Nanofiltration for the removal of algal metabolites and the effects of fouling
Nanofiltration (NF) has been shown to be an effective way of removing organic micropollutants from drinking water due to its size exclusion properties. A rapid bench scale membrane test unit was utilised to trial six NF membranes to remove the algal metabolites, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM). Membrane fouling due to the algal metabolites was observed ...
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Evaluating impact of fouling on reverse osmosis membranes performance
Abstract Membrane fouling is commonly defined as an undesirable formation of deposits on mem- brane surfaces and it is considered a major problem in most brackish, seawater, and waste water reclamation applications. Depending on nature of the scale and foulant, fouling pro- cesses will lead to decreased membrane fluxes, increased pressures needs, and/or increased permeate conductivity. In some ...
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Evaluation of a bench-scale membrane fouling protocol to determine fouling propensities of membranes during full-scale water reuse applications
There is increasing interest in recycling wastewater effluents for augmentation of existing water supplies. The treatment of wastewater effluents by an integrated membrane system, such as microfiltration pre-treatment followed by reverse osmosis, is the industry standard for groundwater recharge or reservoir augmentation projects. Membrane fouling, especially effluent organic matter fouling, is a ...
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Reverse Osmosis Chemicals
Reverse osmosis is an efficient way of purifying water but operational efficiency can only be obtained if the plant and in particular the membranes are not kept clean. If this is not the case, membranes quickly become fouled result in lower output and ultimately resulting in the costly necessity of having to replace them. Various products are available which have been developed to combat the ...
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Removal of cyanide from acrylonitrile wastewater using gas membrane
Acrylonitrile wastewater is one of the most refractory industrial wastewaters as it contains cyanide at a high concentration. This study introduced a safe, effective and economic strategy, that is, use of the gas membrane to acrylonitrile wastewater treatment. Due to the complicated constituents of acrylonitrile wastewater, cyanide removal rate by gas membrane is very low. In order to enhance HCN ...
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Coagulation optimization for DOC removal: pilot-scale analysis of UF fouling and disinfection byproduct formation potential
A pilot-scale study was performed to evaluate a coagulant dose which had been optimized for biopolymer (i.e., foulant) removal on subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) fouling, as well as disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor removal. Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) dosages were selected based on a point of diminishing returns for biopolymer removal (0.5 mg/L) and directly compared to that applied ...
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High Silica levels not considered in plant design - Case Study
Introduction A plant on Tenerife in the Canary Islands was suffering from fouling. A raw water analysis was taken and found to have high levels of silica present that had not been considered when designing the plant. It was concluded that the cause of the loss in performance was due to silica scaling. The system design consisted of 3 pressure vessels, each containing 5 Hydranautics CPA-3 ...
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Analyses of calcium carbonate scale deposition on four RO membranes under a seawater desalination condition
Inorganic fouling is one of the critical operational issues in reverse osmosis membrane. Few researches investigated effects of membrane surface characteristics on inorganic fouling and on anti-scaling techniques although the fouling occurs on the membrane surface. The objective of this paper was to examine whether different characteristics of deposition of calcium carbonate solids would occur on ...
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The innovative Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor (OMBR) for reuse of wastewater
An innovative osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) is currently under development for the reclamation of wastewater, which combines activated sludge treatment and forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation with a RO post-treatment. The research focus is FO membrane fouling and performance using different activated sludge investigated both at laboratory scale (membrane area of 112 cm2) and at on-site ...
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Low energy/cost desalination: low dose and low mean ion resident time in concentrate stream of electro-dialysis reversal
Species, dose, and mean ion resident time (MIRTc) in the concentrate of electro-dialysis reversal (EDR) desalination are analysed. In the classical EDR, dimensions, flow, and velocity of dilute and concentrate are equal; Langelier saturation index (LSI) and CaSO4 saturation are used to control the scaling and fouling processes in concentrate, as such LSIKeywords: acids, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO-3, SO2-4, ...
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In-depth analysis of changes restores system optimization - Case Study
Introduction A reverse osmosis plant (BWRO) had been operating effectively applying Avista antiscalant and cleaners for about a year. Increased product water demand led to changes in the feed water quality and an increase in plant recovery resulting in an increase in stress on the pre-treatment system and more rapid membrane fouling. The existing membrane cleaning regime was reviewed to try to ...
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Swine manure treatment by anaerobic membrane bioreactor with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus recovery
Swine manure wastewater was treated in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) that combined a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane, and the feasibility of ammonia and phosphorus recovery in the permeate was investigated. The AnMBR system was operated steadily with a high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 32.32 ± 6.24 g/L for ...
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Cooling Systems: Increased Costs from Mineral Scaling and Biological Fouling - Case Study
Mineral scaling and biological fouling are two of the most common problems associated with watercooled systems, and the costs from these issues can be enormous. By understanding how these issues affect cooling water systems, and their associated cost drivers, facility managers can make informed decisions on proper scale and biological fouling control. Scale Definition Cooling water typically ...
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Electronic water treatment reduces fouling in heat exchangers
The deposition of material on heat transfer surfaces is called fouling which significantly impacts on the thermal and mechanical performance of heat exchangers. Fouling increases the overall thermal resistance and lowers the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchangers as well as impeding fluid flow, accelerating corrosion and increasing pressure drop across the heat exchanger. The ...
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Direct observations of membrane scale in membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment application
The formation of inorganic fouling on MF membrane was investigated in membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating industrial wastewater. Membrane autopsy works using microscopic techniques and surface analysis were carried out at the completion of pilot-scale operation to analyze foulant materials extensively. Scaling occurred on the membrane surface significantly in the MBR treating calcium-rich ...
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Results from 99 seawater ro membrane autopsies
Abstract This paper presents results from 99 sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) membrane autopsies carried out by the Genesys laboratory in Madrid from 2002 and outlines the technical issues surrounding fouling and scaling of sea water membranes. The authors discuss historical results of membrane autopsies and link recent trends and changes in plant design to potential fouling and scaling issues ...
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ELECTRONIC WATER TREATMENT REDUCES FOULING AND CORROSION IN PIPELINES
Increasing pressure loss in the pipeline is often caused by scale corrosion or product fouling of the internal surfaces. This condition slows transmission and distribution capacity, and can require more than just routine maintenance if it remains unaddressed. Interior corrosion, fouling and leakage in pipeline systems will adversely impact bottom-line operations. If you see corrosion and ...
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