contaminated sediment management Articles
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Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Practical guidance for selection, calibration, and implementation
This manuscript provides practical guidance on the use of passive sampling methods (PSMs) that target the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) for improved exposure assessment of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments. Primary considerations for selecting a PSM for a specific application include clear delineation of measurement goals for Cfree, whether laboratory‐based “ex‐situ” and/or ...
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Accelerating progress at contaminated sediment sites: Moving from guidance to practice
Contaminated sediments are a pervasive problem in the United States. Significant economic, ecological, and social issues are intertwined in addressing the nation's contaminated sediment problem. Managing contaminated sediments has become increasingly resource intensive, with some investigations costing tens of millions of dollars and the majority of remediation projects proceeding at a slow pace. ...
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Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Scientific rationale supporting use of freely dissolved concentrations
Passive sampling methods (PSMs) allow the quantification of the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of an organic contaminant even in complex matrices such as sediments. Cfree is directly related to a contaminant's chemical activity, which drives spontaneous processes including diffusive uptake into benthic organisms and exchange with the overlying water column. Consequently, Cfree provides ...
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Positioning activated carbon amendment technologies in a novel framework for sediment management
Contaminated sediments can pose serious threats to human health and the environment by acting as a source of toxic chemicals. The amendment of contaminated sediments with strong sorbents like activated carbon (AC) is a rapidly developing strategy to manage contaminated sediments. To date, a great deal of attention has been paid to the technical and ecological features and implications of ...
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Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Risk assessment and management
This paper details how activity‐based passive sampling methods (PSMs), which provide information on bioavailability in terms of freely dissolved contaminant concentrations (Cfree), can be used to better inform risk management decision‐making at multiple points in the process of assessing and managing contaminated sediment sites. Because Cfree is a better predictor of bioavailability than total ...
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Accelerating progress at contaminated sediment sites
The “top five actions” presented by Bridges et al. in “Accelerating Progress at Contaminated Sediment Sites: Moving from Guidance to Practice” (IEAM 8(2):331‐338) represent an important set of normative guidelines that could accelerate progress at contaminated sediment sites. An important next step is to use those guidelines to develop recommendations about good practices. This letter presents ...
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Passive sampling in contaminated sediment assessment: Building consensus to improve decision‐making
Contaminated sediments pose an on‐going, pervasive, global challenge to environmental managers as sediments can reflect a legacy of pollution that can impair the beneficial uses of water bodies. A formidable challenge in assessing the risks of contaminated sediments has been elucidation and measurement of contaminant bioavailability, expressed as the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) in ...
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Bioavailability‐based chronic toxicity measurements of permethrin to Chironomus dilutus
Compared to acute toxicity, chronic exposures to low levels of contaminants are more environmentally relevant but less data are available. Sediment toxicity of the pyrethoid permethrin to Chironomus dilutus was determined. The whole life cycle toxicity testing was conducted with the endpoints covering survival, growth, emergence and reproduction. Permethrin caused 50% lethality in C. dilutus at ...
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Tenax extraction of sediments to estimate desorption and bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants: A literature review
A major issue with characterizing sediment‐associated hydrophobic contaminants is the difficulty in assessing the total amount of compound that is available for chemical exchange with an organism. To address this point, contaminant concentrations have been normalized for specific sediment characteristics, including organic carbon content, or the chemical activity has been estimated using ...
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Application of passive sampling for measuring dissolved concentrations of organic contaminants in the water column at 3 marine superfund sites
Currently, there is an effort under way to encourage remedial project managers at contaminated sites to use passive sampling to collect freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic contaminants to improve site assessments. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of passive sampling for measuring water column Cfree for several hydrophobic organic ...
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