source sampling Articles
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Measuring Sound Absorption: Considerations on the Measurement of the Active Acoustic Power
For the measurement of the sound absorption coefficient a large number of methods is available. These methods have in common that all of them rely on an overall sound Held model, i.e. a model that describes the whole sound field in front of the surface under investigation. Examples are the diffuse sound field model in the reverberation room method according to ISO 354 [ 1 ] and the plane wave ...
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Study on photocatalytic activity of TiO
2and non–metal doped TiO2in Rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiationHighly active photocatalytic TiO2 nanotubes were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal treatment in base medium using commercial TiO2 powder as Ti–source. Non–metal doped TiO2 samples were made by post–synthesis using urea, thio–urea, ammonium fluoride and ethylene glycol as N, S F and C source. The obtained samples were characterised by XRD, FE–SEM, UV–Vis. Photocatalytic activities of the ...
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Consequences of oversampling
Oversampling is generally perceived as an inefficient practice because of the redundancy it creates in the data, but rarely is it considered detrimental. The resulting increase in bandwidth seldom if ever, provides new information, as the signal is often badly attenuated and not very useful above a certain frequency. The decision to oversample is often based on the assumption that no undue harm ...
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(Yet more) challenges for water treatment plants: potential contribution of hypochlorite solutions to bromate, chlorate, chlorite and perchlorate in drinking water
The aim of this study was to evaluate if chlorate, chlorite, perchlorate and bromate ions are found in treated water from 16 Canadian drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) that use hypochlorite as a disinfectant. The WTPs in this survey had unusually high concentrations of sodium, bromide and dissolved organic carbon in the source water and all used ammonium in the treatment train. Samples ...
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Chemical analysis of drinking water from some communities in the Brong Ahafo region
This study consisted of the determination of the trace metals and some physiochemical properties in drinking water samples from the Brong Ahafo region of the Republic of Ghana, where drinking water samples are not treated before it is consumed. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of water from these sources. Samples were taken from fifteen sampling points and analyzed for the following ...
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Are microbial indicators and pathogens correlated? A statistical analysis of 40 years of research
Indicator organisms are used to assess public health risk in recreational waters, to highlight periods of challenge to drinking water treatment plants, and to determine the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of distributed water. However, many have questioned their efficacy for indicating pathogen risk. Five hundred and forty cases representing independent indicator–pathogen correlations ...
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Evaluation of microbial source tracking methods using mixed fecal sources in aqueous test samples
Untitled Document Microbiological source tracking (MST) methods are increasingly being used to identify fecal contamination sources in surface waters, but these methods have been subjected to limited comparative testing. In this study, 22 researchers employing 12 different methods were provided sets of identically prepared blind water samples. Each sample contained one to ...
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Soil-transmitted helminth eggs assessment in wastewater in an urban area in India
Water quality and sanitation are inextricably linked to prevalence and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections, a public health concern in resource-limited settings. India bears a large burden of disease associated with poor sanitation. Transformative onsite sanitation technologies are being developed that feature elimination of pathogens including helminth eggs in wastewater ...
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Complete online monitoring solution for Waste Water Treatment Plant
Due to the increasing number of requests for the monitoring of waste water treatment plant atmosphere, Chromatotec® has designed a specific analytical solution for sulfur and nitrogen compounds analysis. For more than 25 years, Chromatotec® has proven its value and expertise in measuring and recording sulfur concentrations in waste water treatment plant. Chromatotec® has completed ...
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Neighborhood diversity of potentially pathogenic bacteria in drinking water from the city of Maroua, Cameroon
This study examined the spatial variation of potential gastrointestinal pathogens within drinking water sources and home storage containers in four neighborhoods in Maroua, Cameroon. Samples were collected from source (n= 28) and home containers (n= 60) in each study neighborhood. Pathogen contamination was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, targeting Campylobacter spp., ...
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FIELD PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT
The FPXRF technologies described in this method use sealed radioisotope sources to irradiate samples with x-rays. X-ray tubes are used to irradiate samples in the laboratory and are beginning to be incorporated into field portable instruments. When a sample is irradiated with xrays, the source x-rays may undergo either scattering or absorption by sample atoms. This later process is known as ...
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Sodium hypochlorite dosage for household and emergency water treatment: updated recommendations
Household water treatment with chlorine can improve the microbiological quality of household water and reduce diarrheal disease. We conducted laboratory and field studies to inform chlorine dosage recommendations. In the laboratory, reactors of varying turbidity (10–300 NTU) and total organic carbon (0–25 mg/L addition) were created, spiked with Escherichia coli, and dosed with 3.75 mg/L ...
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Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in alpine lakes in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau
To provide a theoretical basis for alpine source lake protection, ten samples were taken from each lake annually from 2012 to 2015. Each year, the various species of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were measured. The average contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the four lakes are 0.195–0.0 mg/L, 0.038–0.143 mg/L, ...
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Field measurements within a quarter of a city including a street canyon to produce a validation data set
Air pollutants and meteorological parameters were measured continuously by in situ instruments, path-averaging techniques (up to three DOAS systems), and SODAR inside a street canyon and in the surrounding area of 1 km x 1 km (Gottinger Strasse in Hanover, Germany) from 2001 until 2003 which are available in the data bank ValiData for validation of microscale models. During three IOPs tracer ...
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Determination of water supply sources in the Barcelona distribution system by UV spectrophotometry and PLS
A new method for the water source apportionment of the Barcelona (Spain) water distribution system is proposed. The method is based on the combined use of UV spectrophotometric measurements in the wavelength from 190–230 nm, and multivariate data analysis using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) chemometric method. From the differences in the organic matter content of the different water sources and ...
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Use of mosses to study atmospheric deposition of trace elements: contributions from investigations in Norway
This paper presents essential features of biomonitoring work carried out in the author's laboratory during more than 25 years using various analytical techniques for the determination of over 50 elements. A substantial part of this work concerns large-scale deposition surveys in Norway using the moss Hylocomium splendens, where five nationwide surveys have been carried out since 1977. ...
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Study of particulates and metallic elements at a farm sampling site in central Taiwan
The total suspended particle (TSP) concentration, dry deposition and wind speed were measured with a PS-1 sampler, a dry deposition plate and a Weather Monitor II (#7440), respectively, at the Experimental Farm of Thunghai University in Taiwan. Taiching Industrial Park, Taichung Cong Road (traffic) and a hospital incinerator are close to the sampling site. The sampling time was from August 2001 ...
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Reed beds facilitate transfer of tributyltin from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems through insect vectors in the Archipelago Sea, SW Finland
Due to their adsorptive behavior, organotin compounds (OTCs), such as tributyltin (TBT), are accumulated in aquatic sediments. They are resistant to biodegradation and, despite a ban in 2008, a potential source for future exposure. Sediment OTCs have mostly been measured from sites of known high concentrations such as ports, shipping lanes, and marine dredging waste sites. However, the possible ...
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Short-term variations in ambient particulates and their sources in Taichung, Taiwan
Ambient particulate measurements were carried out using TE-PUF sampling and a Universal Air Sampler between 8 March and 25 April 2001 at Taichung. Samples were collected every 6 hours beginning at 0100 LST (Local Standard Time) each day at two sites, one at a university campus and the other at a roadside. Chemical species (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni) were analysed ...
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Tracing fine sediment sources in small mountain catchment
Fine sediment represents an important diffuse source pollutant in surface waters, due to its role in governing the transfer and fate of many substances, including nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides and other organic contaminants, and its influence on aquatic ecology. Therefore, catchment management strategies frequently need to include provision for the control of sediment mobilization and ...
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