toxicity test Articles
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A Comparison Of Standard Acute Toxicity Tests With Rapid-Screening Toxicity Tests
Abstract: This study compared the relative sensitivity of five inexpensive, rapid toxicity tests to the sensitivity of five standard aquatic acute toxicity tests through literature review and testing. The rapid toxicity tests utilized organisms that require little culturing or handling prior to testing : a freshwater rotifer (Brachnionus calyciflorus); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); lettuce ...
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Freshwater Invertebrate Toxicity Tests
Abstract : The first part of the paper addresses the state of the art of standard freshwater invertebrate toxicity tests for regulatory purposes, with details of the characteristics and the test procedures of the acute and chronic tests with Daphnids (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulexand Ceriodaphnia dubia). Subsequently this review reports on standard tests used for non-regulatory assays, and in ...
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Toxicity Testing Moves Ahead
Who would have thought that an automated laboratory working around the clock could screen chemical substances for interactions with biological targets at speeds mere mortals could hardly consider — let alone match? Well, this is exactly what is occurring today thanks to a collaborative effort known as “Tox21″ among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National ...
By Acta Group
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Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing
What is Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing? Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing is an important component of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) integrated approach for detecting and addressing toxicity in surface waters. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program, authorized by the Clean Water Act, controls water pollution by regulating ...
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Microscale Toxicity Testing with Rotifers
Abstract :Toxicity tests are one of the essential tools for evaluating the effects of anthropogenic stress in aquatic ecosystems. Methods using microscale organisms have improved the speed, simplicity, and reduced the cost of making toxicity measurements. The size, ecology, and life cycle of rotifers makes them well suited for microscale assays and toxicity assessment. In the last five years the ...
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Short‐term toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to early life stages of the rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus
Nitrogenous pollutants including ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate are a widespread concern in natural waters and aquaculture. In the present study, the toxicity of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate to rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in the early life stage were evaluated by two short‐term toxicity tests. In the short‐term toxicity test conducted on embryo and sac‐fry stage, 30 fertilized eggs with ...
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Evaluation of Toxkits as Methods for Monitoring Water Quality in New Zealand
Abstract :The Resource Management Act 1991, of New Zealand, requires local authorities and industry to apply for consent to discharge effluent to water or land. The requirement for whole effluent toxicity testing is now being included in these Resource Consents. The Ministry for the Environment (MfE) has encouraged research which evaluates technology used to monitor environmental parameters (e.g. ...
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Toxicity of fluoride to aquatic species and evaluation of toxicity modifying factors
A study was performed to investigate the toxicity of fluoride to a variety of freshwater aquatic organisms and to establish whether water quality variables contribute substantively to modifying its toxicity. Water hardness, chloride and alkalinity were tested as possible toxicity modifying factors for fluoride using acute toxicity tests with Hyalella azteca and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Chloride ...
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Use of an exposure chamber to maintain aqueous‐phase nanoparticle dispersions for improved toxicity testing in fish
A novel chamber for maintaining aqueous phase dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) to enable improved toxicity testing in larval zebrafish was developed. Aqueous concentrations were within 80% of initial NP concentrations, and 96‐h LC50 values were highly reproducible (coefficient of variation <0.16, n=3 tests). Significantly lower toxicity for each NP tested (Ag‐, Cu‐, TiO2‐NPs) in static ...
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Regulatory ecotoxicology testing in Canada – activities and influence of the Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group
The Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group (IGETG) is an ad hoc group of government scientists, technologists, data users, and scientific advisors that has been active in the development and application of ecotoxicological testing in Canada. Membership includes representatives from government laboratories that conduct toxicity testing for research and development purposes, monitor ...
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Toxicity Assessment of Chemicals using Conventional Acute Daphnia magna Tests, Toxkits and Fluotox Microbiotests
Abstract : Simple, rapid and cost-effective testing procedures were developed over the last few years, mainly for application in routine toxicity screening. One of the most significant breakthroughs in this regard are the highly standardized Toxkit microbiotests, which make use of dormant or immobilized stages of selected invertebrate species as the biological material from which the test species ...
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Daphnia magna wastewater toxicity assays: an interlaboratory study
In order to protect aquatic life, many acute and short-term chronic whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests have been employed for assessment of the toxicity of wastewater. Toxicity tests using biological responses to measure effects provide valuable information about the significance of chemical contamination. The response of an organism to contaminated effluents provides an integrated measure of ...
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Environmental surveillance and monitoring—The next frontiers for high‐throughput toxicology
High‐throughput toxicity testing technologies along with the World Wide Web are revolutionizing both generation of and access to data regarding the biological activities that chemicals can elicit when they interact with specific proteins, genes, or other targets in the body of an organism. To date, however, most of the focus has been on the application of such data to assessment of individual ...
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Full‐life chronic toxicity of sodium salts to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer in tests with laboratory cultured food
While insects occur in nearly all freshwater ecosystems, few sensitive insect models exist for use in determining the toxicity of contaminants. The objectives of the present study were to adapt previously developed culturing and toxicity testing methods for the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), and to further develop a method for chronic toxicity tests spanning organism ...
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Cyst-Based Toxicity Tests. - V. Development and Critical Evaluation of Standardized Toxicity Tests with the Brine Shrimp Artemia (Anostraca, Crustacea)
Abstract : The use of cryptobiotic stages (called cysts of dormant eggs), from which live test organisms can be hatched at will, eliminates the need for continuous stock culturing and opens a promising perspective for better standardization of test methodologies in aquatic toxicology. Although there are several groups of aquatic invertebrates which produce resting stages, the brine shrimp ...
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Selection of food combinations to optimize survival, growth, and reproduction of the amphipod Hyalella azteca in static‐renewal, water‐only laboratory exposures
While standardized sediment toxicity testing methods have been developed for the amphipod Hyalella azteca, no standardized chronic water‐only toxicity testing methods have been established. Furthermore, optimal feeding and water quality conditions for culturing and toxicity testing with this species remained unclear. Our objective was to determine the food or combination of foods that best ...
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A toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic model approach of Myriophyllum spicatum to predict effects caused by short‐term exposure to a sulfonylurea
Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models are a promising tool to address the effects of time‐variable chemical exposure. While standard toxicity tests rely, in most cases, on static concentrations, these chemical exposure patterns are unlikely to appear in the field, where time‐variable exposure of chemicals is typical. In this study, we integrated toxicodynamic processes into an existing model ...
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Preparation and characterization of nickel‐spiked freshwater sediments for toxicity tests: Toward more environmentally realistic nickel partitioning
We compared two spiking methods and evaluated nickel (Ni) partitioning during a series of toxicity tests with eight different freshwater sediments having a range of physico‐chemical characteristics. A two‐step spiking approach with immediate pH adjustment by addition of NaOH at a 2:1 molar ratio to the spiked Ni was effective in producing consistent pH and other chemical characteristics across ...
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Enzymatic inhibition-based electrochemical biosystems: general aspects and applications for the monitoring of aquatic ecosystems
The use of biosensor-based analytical methods, and specifically of the techniques based on 'inhibition' enzymatic amperometric electrodes, is gaining growing interest in the field of toxicity tests in environmental and food matrices. This contribution proposes the use of inhibition-based enzymatic bioelectrodes for the rapid determination of pesticides, herbicides and toxins in aquatic ...
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Alternative Assays for Routine Toxicity Assessments : a Review
Abstract : The number of available aquatic toxicity tests is large and increases every year. For certain types of applications such as the routine screening of large numbers of environmental samples, standard conventional tests may be perceived as being unpractical. This has lead to the development of a (increasing) number of alternative small-scale toxicity tests also called microbiotests. The ...
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