hydrology Articles
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Green roof hydrologic performance and modeling: a review
Green roofs reduce runoff from impervious surfaces in urban development. This paper reviews the technical literature on green roof hydrology. Laboratory experiments and field measurements have shown that green roofs can reduce stormwater runoff volume by 30 to 86%, reduce peak flow rate by 22 to 93% and delay the peak flow by 0 to 30 min and thereby decrease pollution, flooding ...
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Experimental analysis of green roof substrate detention characteristics
Green roofs may make an important contribution to urban stormwater management. Rainfall-runoff models are required to evaluate green roof responses to specific rainfall inputs. The roof's hydrological response is a function of its configuration, with the substrate – or growing media – providing both retention and detention of rainfall. The objective of the research ...
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Inflow based investigations on the efficiency of a lamella particle separator for the treatment of stormwater runoffs
The present design of stormwater tanks is based on the creation of storage volume to retain stormwater and the prevention or reduction of stormwater overflows. The treatment of stormwater is often improved with mechanical equipment. The general layout rules do usually not include the appropriate choice of design inflow related to the chosen treatment equipment. In the following investigations it ...
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Depression storage capacities of different ideal pavements as quantified by a terrestrial laser scanning-based method
Rainfall partition on paved urban surfaces is governed to a great extent by depression storage. This is especially the case for small rainfall events, which are often ignored in urban hydrology. If storage, infiltration and evaporation (important for urban heat island mitigation), rather than storm water run-off, are of interest, high-resolution simulations with exact values for depression ...
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Can water sensitive urban design systems help to preserve natural channel-forming flow regimes in an urbanised catchment?
Increased stormwater runoff and pollutant loads due to catchment urbanisation bring inevitable impacts on the physical and ecological conditions of environmentally sensitive urban streams. Water sensitive urban design (WSUD) has been recognised as a possible means to minimise these negative impacts. This paper reports on a study that investigated the ability of infiltration-based WSUD systems ...
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Assessment of LID practices for restoring pre-development runoff regime in an urbanized catchment in southern Finland
This study quantifies the effects of common stormwater management techniques on urban runoff generation. Simulated flow rates for different low impact development (LID) scenarios were compared with observed flow rates during different urban construction phases in a catchment (12.3 ha) that was developed from natural forest to a residential area over a monitoring period of 5 years. The Storm ...
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Application of a catchment water quality model for an East–Australian catchment
This paper presents the calibration of a catchment water quality model developed for the continuous simulation of stormwater pollutants from a catchment to the catchment outlet. Calibration of the model was performed using the rainfall and water quality data collected for 'Saltwater Creek Catchment' in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff estimations from the hydrologic model were compared with ...
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Hydrological performance of dual-substrate-layer green roofs using porous inert substrates with high sorption capacities
Given that the common medium in existing green roofs is a single layer composed of organic and inorganic substrates, seven pilot-scale dual-substrate-layer extensive green roofs (G1–G7), which include nutrition and adsorption substrate layers, were constructed in this study. The effectiveness of porous inert substrates (activated charcoal, zeolite, pumice, lava, vermiculite and expanded ...
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Comparative evaluation of runoff and water quality using HSPF and SWMM
Stormwater pollution is the untreated contaminated water that drains into natural waterways from land uses within an urban catchment. Several studies have demonstrated the deterioration of water quality in receiving bodies of water caused by stormwater runoff. The data have reported that urban runoff play primary roles in degrading water quality in adjacent aquatic systems. The accurate ...
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Modeling the hydrologic and economic efficacy of stormwater utility credit programs for US single family residences
As regulatory pressure to reduce the environmental impact of urban stormwater intensifies, US municipalities increasingly seek a dedicated source of funding for stormwater programs, such as a stormwater utility. In rare instances, single family residences are eligible for utility discounts for installing green infrastructure. This study examined the hydrologic and economic efficacy of four such ...
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Distributed urban storm water modeling within GIS integrating analytical probabilistic hydrologic models and remote sensing image analyses
Analytical probabilistic hydrologic models (APMs) are computationally efficient producing validated storm water outputs comparable to continuous simulation for storm water planning level analyses. To date, APMs have been run as spatially lumped or semi-distributed models relying upon calibrated and spatially averaged system state variable inputs/parameters limiting model system representation and ...
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An application of Austrian legal requirements for CSO emissions
The Austrian standard for designing combined sewer overflow (CSO) detention basins introduces the efficiency of the combined sewer overflows as an indicator for CSO pollution. Additionally criteria for the ambient water quality are defined, which comprehend six kinds of impacts. In this paper, the Austrian legal requirements are described and discussed by means of hydrological modelling. This is ...
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Empirical regression models for estimating nitrogen removal in a stormwater wetland during dry and wet days
Due to the highly variable hydrologic quantity and quality of stormwater runoff, which requires more complex models for proper prediction of treatment, a relatively few and site-specific models for stormwater wetlands have been developed. In this study, regression models based on extensive operational data and wastewater wetlands were adapted to a stormwater wetland receiving both base flow and ...
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Modelling and optimization of land use/land cover change in a developing urban catchment
The impacts of land use/cover change (LUCC) on hydrological processes and water resources are mainly reflected in changes in runoff and pollutant variations. Low impact development (LID) technology is utilized as an effective strategy to control urban stormwater runoff and pollution in the urban catchment. In this study, the impact of LUCC on runoff and pollutants in an urbanizing catchment ...
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Flood Improvement and LID Modeling Using XP‐SWMM
Introduction First developed in 1971, the EPA's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) has been widely used in urban areas for planning, analysis, and design related to stormwater runoff, combined sewers, sanitary sewers, and other drainage systems. XP‐SWMM, published by XP Solutions Inc., uses the EPA SWMM model as the primary runoff hydrograph simulator for runoff quantity and quality. The ...
By Innovyze
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An alternative approach to modelling stormwater runoff from small urban catchments
The inability of current stormwater quality models to reproduce historical pollutographs accurately and reliably has prompted the need to introduce alternative approaches to simulate stormwater runoff from urban catchments. In view of the increasing popularity of designing urban stormwater systems using the Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) approach, it is also essential to adopt a modelling ...
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Going Green in D.C. Case Study
Green infrastructure practices serve as decentralized alternatives to traditional wet weather controls in urban areas where land is limited and sewer infrastructure is often stressed to capacity. Green infrastructure attempts to restore natural hydrologic processes and decreases the quantity of runoff, reduces peak flow rates, and improves water quality. In addition, green infrastructure can ...
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Biofilter design for effective nitrogen removal from stormwater – influence of plant species, inflow hydrology and use of a saturated zone
The use of biofilters to remove nitrogen and other pollutants from urban stormwater runoff has demonstrated varied success across laboratory and field studies. Design variables including plant species and use of a saturated zone have large impacts upon performance. A laboratory column study of 22 plant species and designs with varied outlet configuration was conducted across a 1.5-year period ...
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Can New Vegetation Help Slope Stabilization?
Erosion control is a top concern for construction projects across multiple industries. There are many practical erosion control solutions. Using new vegetation as part of a slope stabilization strategy is an effective means to safeguard soil from erosion problems. Vegetation and Slope Stability Are Interrelated There is a strong correlation between vegetation and slope stabilization. ...
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Partnering in watershed management and community engagement case study
Challenge: A Fortune 100 company requested our ecological expertise and support for its watershed management program and its pledge to replenish water used in production of its products back to nature and communities in the U.S. and Canada. Antea Group's assistance includes source water protection, community watershed partnerships, and technical support for other water resource initiatives to ...
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