water cost Articles
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The joint effect of water price changes and pressure management, at the economic annual real losses level, on the system input volume of a water distribution system
This study attempts to examine the factors affecting the residential water demand level in the city of Kozani in Greece. Based on an 8-year (2005–12) detailed sample of residential water demand panel data, the values of the water price (WP) elasticity of residential demand are identified, and the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors and climate conditions on water-use levels ...
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Improving equity in intermittent water supply systems
The problems of limited financial resources and water scarcity in urban areas of developing countries are of concern to water managers following growing demand–supply imbalance. As a result, an intermittent supply is widely adopted as a measure for controlling water demand among consumers. However, ensuring equitable water distribution at low cost in intermittent water supply systems ...
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Issues Directive & Guidance on Non-Chemical Treatment of Cooling Tower Water
Non-chemical treatment of cooling tower water has been found to be a viable option for many projects. Significant water and cost savings can be realized depending on the projects cooling systems size, amount of yearly operating time for the system and condition of the make-up water. There are various types of non-chemical treatment such as: hydrodynamic cavitation, pulsed and static electric ...
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Condominium replaces water softener with green Scalewatcher water conditioner
Angel*Haus Condominium, a condo community in Purgatory’s Durango Mountain Resort, Colorado, has replaced its water softener with the computerized, electronic, water-conditioner Scalewatcher from Scalewatcher North America. By installing Scalewatcher, the condominum has improved the water quality, removed the need to buy and store salt and substantially reduced its water costs. Angelhaus ...
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HDPE Pond Liners for Large Ponds in Indonesia
HDPE pond liners for fish ponds are the commonly used Anti-seepage single-layer high density geomembrane liner. The HDPE pond liners for fish ponds has smooth surface that can effectively prevent fish from escaping during the rainy season, especially like lobster, crab, fish. Laying a layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm of HDPE pond liners for fish ponds or more (different thicknesses can be ...
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Pulp & Paper Water Treatment - A look at optimizing water resource management - Case Study
Application Case Study (Pulp/Paper Operations) The pulp and paper industry has traditionally been a consumer of large amounts of fresh water and power. Recently, increased focus has been given to the optimized efficiency of paper mills and to the environmental sustainability footprint of the industry. Therefore, water resource management has become a more critical factor facing the industry. ...
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Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico
Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the ...
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HDPE Geomembrane Pond Liner for Shrimp Pond Project in Kenya
Case Study: Location: Kenya Product:0.75mm HDPE Geomembrane Pond Liner Application: Shrimp Pond Project Status Quo: Kenya faces the Indian Ocean to the east, with many ports and pollution-free, suitable for the development of marine fisheries. To the southwest is Lake Victoria, which is the largest freshwater lake in Africa. Kisumu, an important town in the southwest, is an important fishery base ...
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Benefits of an Eagle Water Treatment System
Assessing your water issues is our specialty at Eagle Water Treatment. With many years of combined experience within our team, Eagle Water Treatment Systems has the resources necessary to provide a premium experience within the water treatment industry. We specialize in water purification and water conditioning both for municipal and private water treatment needs. Our approach enables us to ...
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Ancient Mayan Drought Provides a Cautionary Tale
Research suggests that the civilization’s collapse was associated with extended dry spell Cambridge University and University of Florida researchers believe they have finally isolated the cause of Mayan civilization’s mysterious collapse in the ninth century, when dynasties fell and the Maya abandoned their magnificent limestone cities. The Maya continued to inhabit the jungles of ...
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Lowering the blooms
Algae blooms are a regular occurrence at the Canoe Brook Water Treatment Plant in Short Hills, New Jersey. Over the past five years, the plant team has tried various methods to control the growth, which typically persists for weeks or months during late spring and summer. Contributing to the problem is a fairly shallow reservoir that allows sunlight to penetrate to the bottom of the lake, and ...
By LG Sonic
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Ancient Mayan Drought Provides a Cautionary Tale
Researchers have found a link between the fall of Mayan civilization with a long and deep drought. Research suggests that the civilization’s collapse was associated with extended dry spell Cambridge University and University of Florida researchers believe they have finally isolated the cause of Mayan civilization’s mysterious collapse in the ninth century, when dynasties fell and ...
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What you need to know about environmental targets - The Environment Act 2021
Under The Environment Act 2021 a suite of targets to restore and protect our environment has been developed by Defra. These targets address some of the biggest challenges our environment faces: air and water quality, biodiversity, waste, and resource sustainability. They also aim to improve our woodland and marine environments, and halt and reverse the decline of our natural environment. Two ...
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Water rate to manage residential water demand with seasonality: peak-load pricing and increasing block rates approach
A strong seasonal demand for water occurs in many tourist areas, which might exacerbate the water shortage problems. Water pricing is a key instrument for water use management; therefore, the objective of this work was to design a variable water rate to examine the seasonal water demand in water-scarce regions. The proposed water rate combines the peak-load pricing (PLP) and increasing block ...
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Monitoring groundwater resources for Municipalities - Case Study
Background The City of Tucson is located in the Sonoran Desert in southwest United States (U.S.), approximately 100 km north of the Mexico-U.S. border. Tucson Water operates more than 215 groundwater wells, covering more than 300 square miles, providing more than 37 billion gallons (140 million m3) of potable water to its 730,000 inhabitants each year. The region receives only 12 inches of rain ...
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Establishment of sustainable water supply system in small islands through rainwater harvesting (RWH): case study of Guja-do
Many islands in Korea have problems related to water source security and supply. In particular, the water supply condition is worse in small islands which are remote from the mainland. A couple of alternatives are developed and suggested to supply water to islands including water hauling, groundwater extraction, and desalination. However, these alternatives require much energy, cost, and concern ...
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Industry, Fresh Water and Sustainable Development
Synopsis Industry, Fresh Water, and Sustainable Development is published jointly by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The growing demands for water for human consumption, agriculture and industry means that fresh water must not be taken for granted, but be carefully used. Industry has an important part to play in this, ...
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Brazos Electric Generation Facility and Fractional Electrodeionization (FEDI®)
Overview Brazos Electric Cooperative Power Plant in Cleburne, TX is a nominal 258 MW combined cycle gas fired power plant operating on AGC (Automatic Generation Control) load requirements. The plant uses approximately 54 million gallons of water per year for boiler feed water and NOx control of its combustion turbine. The power plant was originally commissioned in 1997. The demineralization ...
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Optimized water softening systems thanks to quality-controlled regeneration
Novel water hardness monitoring For the production of soft water, ion exchange units with sodium chloride regeneration have been increasingly used for more than 50 years. The course and dynamics of the softening process depend on the ion exchange resins used, the proper regeneration processes, the removal quantities and their dynamics. These processes do not run constantly in practice, which is ...
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Electronic Water Treatment Reduces Fouling In Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is used in processes requiring high-quality, purified water, such in semi-conductor processing or biochemical applications and can be used to treat boiler feed water, industrial wastewater or process water. A water purification technique, it reduces the quantity of dissolved solids in solution. RO uses waterline pressure together with energy consuming pressurizing pumps that ...
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