water distribution analysis Articles
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Spatial network generation tool for water distribution network design and performance analysis
The research presented in this paper aims at the support tool for generation of multiple networks with preset or randomised properties. To explore particular phenomena, water distribution analysis may require a coherent set of cases. Readily available in the literature are simple synthetic networks used for benchmarking, either real-life cases that are too diverse in size and configuration. The ...
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The influence of the existing network layout on water distribution system redesign analysis
The methodologies usually adopted in water distribution system redesign problems consider the topology of the network as an input fixed datum; optimisation solely allowing for the duplication/substitution of existing components. In order to contribute to the identification of optimal solutions that may lead to a lower risk of failure to supply the required water, together with a lower redesign ...
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Practical application of the head dependent gradient method for water distribution networks
Critical pressure-deficient operating conditions frequently occur in water distribution networks. Head driven analysis (HDA) of water distribution networks allows for the pressure-dependent nature of nodal flows and, therefore, yields the actual nodal flows and heads for both normal and subnormal pressure conditions. Hence, HDA simulation models are more practical than demand driven analysis ...
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Analysis of flushing-path effects in water-distribution networks
The unidirectional and conventional flushing methods are compared in this study and the water amount and flow velocity at junctions within an EPANET water distribution network are compared. In the unidirectional method, the necessary flow and water pressure for the minimum flow velocity for flushing become greater when pipe diameter exceeds a certain value. Therefore, the maximum length of ...
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A history of water distribution systems and their optimisation
Water distribution systems have a very long and rich history dating back to the third millennium B.C. Advances in water supply and distribution were followed in parallel by discoveries and inventions in other related fields. Therefore, it is the aim of this paper to review both the history of water distribution systems and those related fields in order to present a coherent summary of the ...
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Comparative analysis of different probability distributions of random parameters in the assessment of water distribution system reliability
During recent years, several methods based on the probabilistic approach have been proposed for the analysis of the performance of water distribution systems (WDSs). Uncertain elements are described by probabilistic laws chosen and parameterised on the basis of the network characteristics. However, the choice of the most suitable probabilistic distribution and of the statistical parameters can ...
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Adaptable urban water demand prediction system
In this work, identification of 24-hours-ahead water demand prediction model based on historical water demand data is considered. As part of the identification procedure, the input variable selection algorithm based on partial mutual information is implemented. It is shown that meteorological data on a daily basis are not relevant for the water demand prediction in the sense of partial mutual ...
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Tecta Success Story - SAWACO, Saudi Arabia - Case Study
SAWACO is the first private water utility provider in Saudi Arabia with over 50,000 m3/day of production capacity serving Jeddah and neighboring areas. SAWACO is conforming to international standards such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Saudi Standards (SASO), and the General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental ...
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We Need to Talk About Peaking Factors
In the design of water networks ‘peaking factors’ are used for simulating design flows in hydraulic models. In simple terms, the dimensionless peaking factor is maximum over average consumption. Historically, utilities adopted standardized peaking factors based on their source data (treatment plant etc.) which was the most reliable source of data. But as we enter the world of big ...
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Study on failure rate analysis for water distribution pipelines
Many of the waterworks facilities in Japan were constructed during the rapid economic growth period. Today, the deterioration and renovation of these aged facilities have become a pressing issue. There are approximately 600,000 km worth of water pipelines laid out across Japan, accounting for about 70% of the nation's water-related assets (totalling ¥40 trillion). To provide water that is safe to ...
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Comparison of two multivariate classification models for contamination event detection in water quality time series
This paper explores two applied classification models alerting for contamination events in water distribution systems. The models perform multivariate analysis of water quality online measurements for event detection. The developed models comprise an outlier detection algorithm and a following sequence analysis for the classification of events. The first model is an unsupervised minimum volume ...
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Uncertainty quantification of pressure-driven analysis for water distribution network modeling
The hydraulic analysis of water distribution networks (WDNs) is divided into two approaches: namely, a demand-driven analysis (DDA) and a pressure-driven analysis (PDA). In the DDA, the basic assumption is that the nodal demand is fully supplied irrespective of the nodal pressure, which is mainly suitable for normal operating conditions. However, in abnormal conditions, such as pipe failures ...
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Heavy metals and clay minerals in surface sediments from the Mazatlan Bay, Mexican subtropical Pacific coast
To know the geochemical behaviour of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni and Zn, their sources, distribution patterns and association with sedimentological factors (organic carbon and carbonate contents, grain size and clay mineralogy of the sediments), 29 surface sediment samples were collected from the Mazatlan Bay, Mexico. In addition to the determination of the concentration of these variables by ...
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Implementation of pressure reduction valves in a dynamic water distribution numerical model to control the inequality in water supply
The analysis of water distribution networks has to take into account the variability of users' water demand and the variability of network boundary conditions. In complex systems, e.g. those characterized by the presence of local private tanks and intermittent distribution, this variability suggests the use of dynamic models that are able to evaluate the rapid variability of pressures ...
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Clustering analysis of water distribution systems: identifying critical components and community impacts
Large water distribution systems (WDSs) are networks with both topological and behavioural complexity. Thereby, it is usually difficult to identify the key features of the properties of the system, and subsequently all the critical components within the system for a given purpose of design or control. One way is, however, to more explicitly visualize the network structure and interactions ...
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Application of the water cascade analysis technique for water minimisation in a paper mill plant
The Water Cascade Analysis (WCA) technique was used to identify opportunities for reduction in freshwater usage as well as wastewater generation and to assist in the retrofit of an existing paper mill water distribution network. This procedure involves three key steps; i.e., a global analysis of the present water distribution and consumption, setting the baseline minimum water targets using WCA ...
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Multivariate statistical analysis for water demand modelling: implementation, performance analysis, and comparison with the PRP model
Water demand is the driving force behind hydraulic dynamics in water distribution systems. Consequently, it is crucial to accurately estimate the actual water use to develop reliable simulation models. In this study, copula-based multivariate analysis was proposed and used for demand prediction for a given return period. The analysis was applied to water consumption data collected in the ...
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Leakage discharge separation from the total water supply flow in water distribution system by constrained independent component analysis (CICA)
The blind source separation theory was introduced and the trend and amplitude (TAA) model was established in order to overcome the shortcomings of some traditional global leakage discharge analysis models in water distribution systems (WDS). The TAA model considers the leakage discharge as one part of the total water supply flow, consisting of constrained independent component analysis (CICA) ...
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Water quality comprehensive evaluation method for large water distribution network based on clustering analysis
In order to evaluate water quality for a large water distribution network comprehensively, a two-stage classification method was used and the clustering methods, self-organizing map (SOM), K-means method and fuzzy c-mean (FCM), were represented. With these clustering methods, the pipes of a large real water distribution network were divided into some groups considering one or more water quality ...
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Logistic regression analysis to estimate contaminant sources in water distribution systems
Accidental or intentional contamination in a water distribution system (WDS) has recently attracted attention due to the potential hazard to public health and the complexity of the contaminant characteristics. The accurate and rapid characterization of contaminant sources is necessary to successfully mitigate the threat in the event of contamination. The uncertainty surrounding the contaminants, ...
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