water pathogens removal Articles
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Virus removal efficiency of ceramic water filters: effects of bentonite turbidity
Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the ...
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Evaluating membrane performance in recycled water treatment plants for assets replacement strategy
Membranes are an important barrier used in recycled water treatment plants for pathogen removal. Understanding performance over operational life is important to inform membrane replacement. In this study, full scale virus challenge testing was conducted on newly commissioned membranes to validate virus log removal values for accreditation. After six years of operation, the membrane integrity ...
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UF Membrane Technology
UF Membrane Technology Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces, such as pressure or concentration gradients, cause separation through the semi-permeable membrane. High molecular weight suspended solids and solutes remain in the so-called retentate while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). The pore size of ...
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UF Membrane Technology
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces, such as pressure or concentration gradients, cause separation through the semi-permeable membrane. High molecular weight suspended solids and solutes remain in the so-called retentate while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). The pore size of the ultrafiltration ...
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The History of Water Distribution and Treatment
Introduction Ancient water distribution and treatment methods originated millennia before principles of modern hydraulic design, such as conservation of mass, energy, and momentum, were even put to thought [1]. Spending most of human history as hunters and gatherers, only in the last 10,000 years did civilizations develop more sophisticated means of agriculture-use and, in turn, water ...
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