surface water Articles
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Groundwater infiltration, surface water inflow and sewerage exfiltration considering hydrodynamic conditions in sewer systems
Sewer systems are closely interlinked with groundwater and surface water. Due to leaks and regular openings in the sewer system (e.g. combined sewer overflow structures with sometimes reverse pressure conditions), groundwater infiltration and surface water inflow as well as exfiltration of sewage take place and cannot be avoided. In the paper a new hydrodynamic sewer network modelling approach ...
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The impact of the variability and periodicity of rainfall on surface water supply systems in Scotland
This paper analyses the impact of the variability and periodicity of rainfall on the reliability of water supply systems in Scotland. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model was used to simulate catchment runoff, and the reliability of 29 notional and six actual reservoirs was calculated using a simple storage model. The relationship between water supply reliability and the variability of rainfall ...
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Analysis of groundwater–surface water interaction in horizontal unconfined aquifer bounded by a stream and groundwater divide using a non–linear numerical model
In this study, a non–linear numerical model was developed to analyse the interaction between the drainage water moving from an unconfined aquifer and a surface water body. This interaction can occur during or after a rainfall event, which can cause the groundwater table to change. At first, a laboratory–scale aquifer model with stream and groundwater divide boundaries was established to examine ...
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Potential health implications of water resources depletion and sewage discharges in the Republic of Macedonia
Potential health implications of deficient sanitation infrastructure and reduced surface water flows due to climate change are examined in the case study of the Republic of Macedonia. Changes in surface water flows and wastewater discharges over the period 1955–2013 were analyzed to assess potential future surface water contamination trends. Simple model predictions indicated a decline in ...
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A large-scale conjunctive management model of water resources for an arid irrigation district in China
The quantity of available water resources has been recognized as the key limiting factor for development of most of the arid regions. This paper focuses on the simulation–optimization for conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater on a large scale. In this study, Hetao Irrigation District in China, one of the largest irrigation districts in the Yellow River basin, is selected as a ...
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Sensitivity analysis of climate change impact on the hydrology of the Litani Basin in Lebanon
The effects of climate change on the surface water of the Litani Basin (Lebanon) are examined. A series of 82 hypothetical scenarios are imposed on each of the sub–basins' precipitation and temperature data and an integrated hydrological model is developed while conserving the other climate variables. A sensitivity analysis approach is applied to examine the relative changes of runoff from the ...
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Water resources planning and management for Chennai City using decision support system
Managing the water resources thoughtfully and profitably is the most crucial responsibility. This paper aims to study and analyse the water supply system at city level with the help of simulation technique and Decision Support System (DSS). In this study, the capital of Tamil Nadu (India), Chennai City is considered. The study analyses the existing level of water supply and it tries to fill the ...
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Assessment of the water quality of the Seybouse River (north-east Algeria) using the CCME WQI model
This paper aims to assess the surface water quality of the Seybouse River using a model of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). The study area is located in the basin of the lower Seybouse River, north-east Algeria. The method involved the calculation of the WQI, based on the measurement of bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters. Water ...
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North Glasgow Integrated Water Management Strategy - Case Study
Scotland, UK Scottish Canals, Glasgow City Council and Scottish Water Dec 2012 – Aug 2013 The Metropolitan Glasgow Strategic Drainage Partnership (MGSDP) commissioned AECOM to undertake a feasibility study investigating whether or not the Forth and Clyde canal should take surface water from North Glasgow as a means to supporting regeneration and development aspirations. A significant ...
By Innovyze
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Development of a GIS method to localize critical source areas of diffuse nitrate pollution
The present study aimed at developing a universal method for the localization of critical source areas (CSAs) of diffuse nitrate (NO3−) pollution in rural catchments with low data availability. Based on existing methods, land use, soil, slope, riparian buffer strips and distance to surface waters were identified as the most relevant indicator parameters for diffuse agricultural NO3− pollution. ...
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Faecal coliform attachment to settleable suspended sediments in fresh surface waters: linear partition model validation and sediment concentration effects
Controlled experiments were conducted to examine the validity of the linear partition model for faecal coliform (FC) attachment to suspended sediments and assess the impact of sediment concentration on the attachment. Sediments were collected from a river in Beijing, China and the suspended particles <62 μm were separated out and mixed with FC suspensions. The experimental mass ...
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Validation of the STRIVE model for coupling ecological processes and surface water flow
The 1D model package STRIVE is verified for simulating the interaction between ecological processes and surface water flow. The model is general and can be adapted and further developed according to the research question. The hydraulic module, based on the Saint-Venant equations, is the core part. The presence of macrophytes influences the water quality and the discharge due to the flow ...
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Four free surface algorithms for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Four algorithms are described for computing a steady free water surface with the solution of the three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical methods are used in hydraulic engineering cases, typically spillways and river modelling. The algorithms were tested against a laboratory experiment of a v-shaped broad-crested weir. The complex geometry of the weir introduced ...
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The impact of projected changes in climate variability on the reliability of surface water supply in Scotland
Projected changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration under climate change and their impacts on the reliability of six water storage reservoirs and two river intake schemes in Scotland are examined. A conceptual rainfall–runoff model was used to simulate catchment runoff which, together with evapotranspiration, served as inputs into a reservoir model. Outputs from a regional climate ...
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Water Resources Management and Modeling
Hydrology is the science that deals with the processes governing the depletion and replenishment of water resources of the earth's land areas. The purpose of this book is to put together recent developments on hydrology and water resources engineering. First section covers surface water modeling and second section deals with groundwater modeling. The aim of this book is to focus attention on the ...
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The management of urban surface water flood risks: SUDS performance in flood reduction from extreme events
The need to improve the urban drainage network to meet recent urban growth and the redevelopment of old industrial and commercial areas provides an opportunity for managing urban surface water infrastructure in a more sustainable way. The use of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can reduce urban surface water flooding as well as the pollution impact of urban discharges on receiving ...
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Integrating quality and cost of surface raw water: Upper and Middle Vaal Water Management Areas South Africa
The user-pays principle encourages use of a water tariff structure that incorporates pollution and/or depletion of a water resource because that water represents a capital resource base. Development of a tool that models variability of surface raw water quality in order to predict cost of treatment thus makes economic sense. This paper forms the backbone for an on-going doctoral study in South ...
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Modelling the interaction of surface and subsurface water flow by linking TOPMODEL and MODFLOW
A coupled ground water–surface water model was used to quantify the hydrological processes in a lowland watershed. The model was constructed by coupling TOPMODEL and MODFLOW without writing new code for the integrated model. Meteorological, land use and soil type data for the Tenmile watershed, USA, were used to run TOPMODEL, which partitions precipitation into evapotranspiration, runoff and ...
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Project - Rouge River Watershed Management Plan
Client: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. Don Ford, P.Geo. Manager, Hydrogeology, 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, ON M3N1S4 Tel:416-661-6600×5369 dford@trca.on.ca Key Personnel: Dirk Kassenaar and E.J. Wexler Building on earlier work on the Oak Ridges Moraine, Earthfx worked with the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) to develop key surface water and ...
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Spatially distributed lateral nitrate transport at the catchment scale
Received for publication January 23, 2009. In river catchments, N transformation and storage processes during lateral transport are important in controlling N loads of surface waters. There is a lack of approaches which capture lateral flows and associated N transformation in a spatially distributed way. The aim of this paper is to develop a new conceptual N transport and transformation model ...
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