Showing results for: scaling treatment Articles
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Trihalomethane formation in ozonated and chlorinated surface water
Abstract The relatively recent discovery of disinfection by-products has driven the main regulatory organisms to set maximum contaminant levels for certain substances in drinking water. Trihalomethanes can be deemed as the most important group of by-products in chlorinated surface waters. The present work has focused on trihalomethane formation in a full-scale water treatment plant. We studied ...
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Key issues of ultrafiltration membrane water treatment plant scale-up from laboratory and pilot plant results
Industrial-scale ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems have gained wide acceptance for producing safe drinking water. Laboratory and pilot plant studies are often carried out prior to the design of full-scale water treatment plants. Emphases are laid on how accurately these laboratory and pilot plant studies represent actual industrial-scale systems and the limitations. A case study which ...
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Relationships between trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and haloacetonitriles formed by the chlorination of raw, treated, and fractionated surface waters
This study examined effects of coagulation and fractionation of natural organic matter on the distribution of trihalomethanes (THM), haloacetic acids (HAA), and haloacetonitriles (HAN) formed in chlorinated water. The precursors of HAA and THM were determined to be associated primarily with the hydrophobic fraction although the hydrophilic fraction is important as well. On the other hand, the ...
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Evaluation of novel hollow fibre membranes for NOM removal by advanced membrane autopsy
A full-scale inside out hollow fibre membrane module was operated in a pilot-scale water treatment plant in Sweden for a period of 12 months from August 2013 to July 2014. Liquid chromatography– organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) chromatogram indicated the membranes could effectively remove 86% of dissolved organic carbon and 92% of humic substances from the feedwater. Routine ...
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Earthquake proofing of water treatment plants through seismic system risk analysis
In Japan, earthquake resistance improvement (earthquake proofing) of drinking water infrastructure is not as developed as for other types of infrastructure such as gas and electricity. To facilitate earthquake proofing, it is important for water utilities to encourage customers to better understand its importance and effectiveness. So that water consumers could instinctively understand the ...
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More efficient alkalisation with ground limestone in groundwater treatment
Most Finnish groundwater must be alkalised before use as municipal drinking water because it is corrosive. The corrosiveness is due to low pH and softness of water. Groundwater also often contains aggressive carbon dioxide (CO2), so there is more free CO2 than is required to keep calcium and hydrogen carbonate in solution. The most popular alkalisation method in the past was addition of sodium ...
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Scale-up of the MIEX® DOC Process for Full Scale Water Treatment Plants
The MIEX® DOC Process is a new process developed by Orica Watercare, South Australian Water Corporation and the CSIRO for the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from drinking water. Results from scale up of the process to a 170m3/day pilot plant have been reported previously (Nguyen, 1997). The process has now been successfully scaled up and trialed on a 1000m3/day pilot plant located at ...
By Ixom
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Experiences with the practical implementation and operation of biological nitrification for a small-scale drinking water treatment plant
The implementation and evaluation of biological nitrification as a possible treatment option for the small-scale drinking water supply of a rural Upper Austrian community was investigated. The drinking water supply of this community (average system input volume: 20 m3/d) is based on the use of deep anaerobic groundwater with a high ammonium content of geogenic origin (up to 5 mg/l) which must ...
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Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is currently considered as one of the most important parameters in drinking water treatment due to its potential to form toxic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs). A comprehensive investigation was made in this study on the variation of DON in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant with a treatment train of coagulation/sedimentation, biofiltration ...
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Use of Continuous Ion Exchange Process (MIEX®) to Remove TOC and Sulfides from Florida Water Supplies
Introduction Many Florida water utilities face a number of challenges in treating their water supplies to meet the current EPA water quality standards. These challenges will only increase as the EPA tightens these standards and for many utilities, conventional treatment processes will no longer be suitable. Ion exchange has long been recognised as a technology capable of removing many ...
By Ixom
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Environmental assessment of two small scale wastewater treatment systems: SBR vs CAS
European Water Directive 91/271/EEC introduced a series of measures aimed at protecting sensitive areas against the emission of nutrients originating from waste water treatment plants. There are, however, environmental costs associated with achieving the required level of water quality, such as greenhouse gas emissions resulting from energy consumption. The goal of this study is to assess ...
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Sorption studies of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using bio-char as an adsorbent
The characteristics of sorption of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) onto bio-char derived from wood chips (spruce, pine, and fir) were evaluated as a function of pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration and bio-char dosage using synthetic wastewater in batch tests. The initial Cr(VI) concentrations were varied between 10 and 500 mg/L to investigate equilibrium, kinetics, and isotherms of the sorption ...
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Australian Cities Adopt Wastewater Reuse
Getting past old attitudes is a key to keeping up with growing water needs Potable reuse of wastewater has gone by many different names, some of them unflattering, like “toilet to tap.” Despite the clear benefits of water reuse, this so-called “ick factor” has slowed the adoption of technology that can transform wastewater into drinking water. Indirect potable reuse ...
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Abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria on biological activated carbon in a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant with different treatment processes
The effects of different placements of rapid sand filtration on nitrification performance of BAC treatment in a pilot-scale plant were evaluated. In this plant, rapid sand filtration was placed after ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (A), while it preceded ozonation-BAC treatment in Process (B). Analysis of amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) combined with ...
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Pilot projects provide insights on potable water reuse
Recycling wastewater is becoming more and more important, but it’s rarely consumed directly. What’s more common is direct potable reuse, a process in which wastewater is treated to drinkable standards. Instead of being injected into an aquifer or an environmental buffer, the treated water is commonly either distributed upstream of a drinking water treatment plant or added directly ...
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Decentralized water treatment and local water shortages
MIT researchers conclude that alternative approaches to water planning can alleviate urban water supply issues quickly and inexpensively Urban areas around the world are expanding rapidly as the global population increases and people are moving to cities at a fast pace. This puts a strain on current infrastructure, including water treatment plants. Add global warming and increasing drought ...
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Removal of natural organic matter and trihalomethane formation potential in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant
A multidisciplinary approach was applied in this work to characterise natural organic matter and evaluate the performance of a full-scale waterworks treating organic-rich surface water. It was shown that the combination of the treatment processes considered efficiently removed the dissolved organic matter, including its specific fractions. Most of the dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC ...
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Design and Construction of the World`s First Large Scale MIEX® Water Treatment Plant
The Water Corporation of Western Australia has over a number of years been investigating various water treatment technologies aimed at dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. Research was prompted by intermittent outbreaks of DMTS (Dimethyl Trisulphide) in the clearwater distribution system. The presence of DMTS in tap water is noted as a “swampy” odour, and is suspected to be the product of ...
By Ixom
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Operating boundaries of full-scale advanced water reuse treatment plants: many lessons learned from pilot plant experience
Three Advanced Water Treatment Plants (AWTP) have recently been built in South East Queensland as part of the Western Corridor Recycled Water Project (WCRWP) producing Purified Recycled Water from secondary treated waste water for the purpose of indirect potable reuse. At Luggage Point, a demonstration plant was primarily operated by the design team for design verification. The investigation ...
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Removal of DOM and AOC in a full-scale advanced water treatment plant: effects of operational periods of BAC filters
Water utilities in Japan want to reduce residual chlorine levels so as to reduce disinfection byproducts and the chlorine smell, but bacterial regrowth is a concern. In advanced water treatment plants using ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC), BAC plays the most important role in reducing assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Therefore, we analyzed the removal of dissolved organic ...
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