Ethylparaben (EPB) has been classified by different research groups as a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical, implying that it can potentially interfere with the normal balance of the endocrine system of living beings, which with its presence in different effluents, including drinking water, generates the need to seek methods that allow its removal from different water bodies. Advanced oxidation processes have been employed widely to remove organic compounds from different matrices. In this way, Fenton technology (process based on the reaction between ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide) has been able to degrade different substrates, but due to the Fe2+ requirements to carry out the reaction optimally, combination of the conventional Fenton process with visible light radiation (photo-Fenton) is an alternative used in the treatment of pollution due to the presence of chemicals. In this way, the effectiveness of photo-Fenton on EPB degradation was assessed using a face-centered central composite experimental design that allowed assessment of the effects of Fe2+ and H2O2 initial concentrations on process. In general, results indicated that after 180 min of reaction almost all EPB was eliminated, the dissolved organic carbon in solution was reduced and the sample biodegradability index was increased.
The Kemicond process for sludge conditioning consists of a chemical treatment with sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide at a pH-value around 4 followed by a dewatering unit. It is shown that through the chemical treatment of ferruginous digested sludge the dewaterability, measured in laboratory experiments as CST-value, can be improved. From the results of the experiments, it is concluded that the Fenton’s reaction by oxidising organic matter and the formation of iron hydroxo complexes are important reaction...
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Equipment and ideas abound for cleaning up plant wastewater and polluted groundwater
Groundwater, surface water,
wastewater, drinking
water: it’s all essentially
the same stuff. Whichever
stage of the water cycle you
care to look at, chemical engineers
are to be found — either
trying to stop water from becoming polluted
in the first place, or cleaning up
afterwards.
Cleaning up outdoors
Many water purification processes
rely on...
ABSTRACT
Advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton reagent generates highly reactive hydroxyl free radicals to oxidize
various compounds in the water and wastewater. The efficiency of different Fenton-related oxidative
processes such as Fenton, solar-Fenton, UV-Fenton and Fenton reactions in different batch reactors was examined using benzene as pollutant in aqueous solutions. A batch study was conducted to optimize parameters
like pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, reaction time and...
An attempt has been made to reduce the reagent requirements of photo-Fenton oxidation for the decolorization of spent reactive dye bath, by aiding with lime flocculation after different reaction periods. Combining can reduce Forty percent of reagent requirements of photo-Fenton oxidation for 90% decolorization of spent reactive dye bath with lime flocculation after a reaction period of 60 minutes. Clay bricks manufactured from chemical sludge generated during lime flocculation, by replacing 20% of clay will have...
ABSTRACTIn the present work, an integrated Fenton-coagulation/flocculation process was applied for the depuration of wine distillery wastewaters, commonly known as `vinasses`. This study evaluates the Fenton process (H2O2/Fe2+), involving oxidation – in a first stage and coagulation/flocculation (using Ca(OH)2 as base-precipitant) – in a second stage for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experimental variables studied were the dosages of hydrogen peroxide and iron salts, the molar ratio [H2O2]o:[Fe2+...
ABSTRACTWine industry wastewaters contain a high concentration of organic biodegradable compounds as well as a great amount of suspended solids. These waters are difficult to treat by conventional biological processes because they are seasonal and a great flow variation exists. Photocatalytic advanced oxidation is a promising technology for waters containing high amounts of organic matter. In this study we firstly investigated the application of H2O2 as oxidant combined with light (artificial or natural) in order...
Up to now, the recovery of precious metals used as catalysts in chemical processes has involved the use of incineration. Now, however, a British-Swedish joint venture has developed a process which uses supercritical water oxidation instead, which provides many economic and environmental advantages.
Precious metals are used extensively in catalysts in a wide range of industrial chemical processes. Sometimes they are used in a homogeneous form, but more often fixed to a solid support for ease of handling. In many...
Background:
The 2.5 MLD Airey’s Inlet Water Treatment Plant is conventional alum coagulation, sludge blanket clarification, filtration WTP. It sources raw water from the 514 ML Painkalac Dam situated in the Angahook State Park This raw water is soft and high in colour and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). After heavy rainfalls, colour and DOC content are known to further increase along with a spike in turbidity. In response to these events, the plant operators are required to increase alum dosage to >80 mg/Land...
The use of conventional water and wastewater treatment processes becomes increasingly challenged with
the identification of more and more contaminants, rapid growth of population and industrial activities, and diminishing availability of water resources. Three emerging treatment technologies, including membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and UV irradiation, hold great promise to provide alternatives for better protection of public health and the environment and thus are reviewed in this...
MEMBRANE AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The ability of ozone to effectively treat wastewater is dependent on the nature of contaminant in question. For example, ozone will readily remove color from a dye solution, but has much more difficulty reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a sucrose stream. These differences in ozone effectiveness are directly due to the chemistry involved in the ozone induced degradation process. Other agents, such as peroxides, ultraviolet (UV) light, and/or...
Many of the Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA`s) methods used to monitor air, water and soil for environmental contaminants prescribe step-by-step details on how the chemical analysis must be conducted and prohibit any deviations or variations. The EPA has recognized that monitoring equipment and technology have improved tremendously over the last few years; that environmental media do not always act the same way for each analysis; and that the matrix may affect the analysis and results. The EPA has been...
` In order to determine the impacts of a particular discharge on ambient water quality, it is usually necessary to model the diffusion and dispersion of the discharge in the relevant water body. The approach applies both to new discharges and to upgrading of existing sources. This note provides guidance on models that may be applicable in the context of typical Bank projects.`
Introduction
Mathematical models can be used to predict changes in ambient water quality due to changes in discharges of wastewater. In...
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