Industrial waste products may be a viable alternative to commercial external carbon sources. In this study, the properties of fusel oil (distillery waste product) were investigated in terms of temperature dependency of denitrification and acclimation period. Furthermore, results obtained during three different full-scale trials were used to verify similarities with and differences from the results obtained under laboratory-scale conditions. Batch experiments with non-acclimated biomass revealed a very strong temperature dependency of the denitrification process (θ = 1.15, R2 = 0.92) in the range of examined process temperatures (13–22 °C). Fusel oil had minor (or no) effects on the behaviour of NO2-N and PO4-P. Significantly lower nitrate utilization rates were observed during acclimation to fusel oil in the full-scale bioreactors compared to a bench-scale reactor. This may primarily be attributed to lower doses of fusel oil, lower process temperatures and more complicated process configurations (resulting in non-optimal use of fusel oil for denitrification). Results obtained from both laboratory-scale experiments and full-scale trials suggested that an acclimation period of a few weeks would be required to reach the maximum denitrification capability of process biomass, even though positive effects of dosing can be observed almost immediately.
Air quality modelling is primarily the quantative approach. It is more difficult as it demands input data accuracy, uncertainties and the efficient methodologies to judge the extent of models accuracy. As a result, model validation has to be regarded as an integral part of the modelling process. Furthermore, models are often validated on a limited number of testcases therefore, appropriate evaluation procedure must be implemented to ensure these models will be applicable for various conditions. The study presented...
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Avecia is now using the Strathkelvin
Activated Sludge Respirometer in its
effluent management programme, at its
Grangemouth site. Avecia was formed
by a buyout of the speciality chemicals
section of AstraZeneca in 1999. It
now operates from 28 sites worldwide.
Grangemouth is the main
manufacturing site in the UK,
specialising in fine chemical
production, specifically ink jet printer
dyes, additives, agrochemical and
pharmaceutical intermediates...
With the passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, many chemical and metal industries and utility producers will now be required to further limit the amount of NOX (Nitrogen Oxides) produced. NOX is a precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, and is believed to be a major contributor to acidic deposition (acid rain).
Formation of ozone:
NO2 + Hv NO + O (Photochemical Reaction)
O + O2 + M O3 + M, where M - Energy accepting third body.
NOX is produced in a variety of different processes, including combustio...
This the second in a two-part series. Part I, which appeared in our June 2001 issue focuses on air emission origins of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in non-utility industries.
Choice of the NOx control technology is dependent on many factors, including regulatory requirements, technical feasibility, cost and public perception. Figure 1, compiled based on publications [1-5], presents a summary of reduction techniques that are capable of high NOx removal efficiencies.
* Glass furnaces -- Replacement of combustion air...
Working together in close collaboration, the Hollandse Eilanden en Waarden Water Authority (Zuiveringsschap Hollandse Eilanden en Waarden, ZHEW) and Paques are pleased to announce the world`s first system for sustainable nitrogen removal from waste water. In May of next year, an Anammox® system will be opened in the Dokhaven waste water purification plant of ZHEW in Rotterdam. Through the combination of the Anammox® process with de existing nitrogen removal plant (SHARON - process), a high level of sustainable...
The objective of the study was to find a microbiological cleaning technique for road tunnel waste air, with emphasis on CO, NO and NO2. The chemolithotrophic CO oxidizing mixed population with an integral part of nitrifying bacteria carry out an essential step in metabolic process of NOx consumption. The immobilized microorganisms were subsequently exposing them to a constant stream of artificial waste gas. The process to clean these waste gases biologically had to be established in the laboratory. A suitable...
Available carbon source is essential to enhance the biological nutrient removal (BNR) in wastewater treatment. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulated in the thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) supernatant under the microaerated operation is the potential carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal. This study investigated the use of VFAs recovered from the TAD supernatant in the BNR processes. Batch tests (2.8 L/batch, simulating the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions in sequences) and...
In important quantities of disulfides and mercaptanes are formed in the process of the oil and gas sulfur-purification. It is appeared the problem of their specified application. It has been developed the convenient and technological means of the disulfides treatment in soft conditions with high yield (more 98 %) of products having the special purpose. In dependence on the condition of the process can be directed on the alkanesulfoacids RSO3H sole obtaining as on the corresponding sulfochlorides RSO2CL. Besides,...
The Whole Earth Festival at the University of California-Davis is a student-organized event that takes place annually in early May. The weekend attendance is approximately 30,000 people, with 16 food vendors and 100-plus craft booths. One major emphasis of the festival is environmental sustainability.
To minimize waste generation, an integrated solid waste prevention strategy was conceptualized and implemented. The components were to: Exclude all materials from the system that were not easily biodegradable,...
Abstract
This paper explains a novel solution to delamination, separation and recovery of various multi-material waste streams. It shows how low energy, environmental friendly solutions to the many multi-material recycling challenges facing industry today can be achieved. The need for influencing the industry to facilitate recycling will be reduced with the implementation of advanced separation recycling technologies such as the Result technology.
Introduction
The Result technology concerns a process and an...
Introduction
Pollution Prevention Guidelines to provide technical advice and guidance to staff and consultants involved in pollution-related projects. The guidelines represent state-of-the-art thinking on how to reduce pollution emissions from the production process. In many cases, the guidelines provide numerical targets for reducing pollution, as well as maximum emissions levels that are normally achievable through a combination of cleaner production and end-of-pipe treatment. The guidelines are designed to...
The minimization of wastes requiring disposal is increasingly important as available disposal options become more and more constrained, and particularly as more substances enter everyday use which are not readily decomposed in the natural environment and which can present long term hazards. This note sets out some basic principles for waste minimization in industrial processes, where `minimization` is taken to include avoidance of the generation of wastes where practical and the productive utilization of any...
Throughout American history, technological and institutional innovation has increased our prosperity. Public leadership has encouraged businesses, workers, and consumers to invest in new ideas that meet the challenges of one generation, paving the path to a better world for the next generation. The energy system that fuels our 20th century economy exemplifies such progress through partnership. Most of this system is built upon innovations of the 19th century, when coal was industrialized and oil commercialized,...
This is a final report of the study on spent solvents under taken as a result of a consent decree between the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The study discusses the wastes associated with the use of the materials as solvents, the toxicity of the wastes, and the management practices for the wastes. The chemicals included in this study are diethylamine, aniline, ethylene oxide, allyl chloride, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and bromoform. In addition, this...
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