Toxkit Technology and New Zealand Water Quality Guidelines
Abstract : The primary objective of this project was to evaluate six Toxkits and the IQ Toxicity TestsTM, for suitability in the role of screening of whole effluents in DTA required by Resource Consents. As an extension, their role as \'up the pipe\' toxicity identification tests were also evaluated.
Screening tests must be cost effective (so that regular testing may be performed), easy to use (at site desirable but not essential), readily available, sensitive to a wide range of toxicants and therefore able to discriminate between effluents. Furthermore, they must be rapid enough to allow immediate modifications to effluent flow and quality, or herald the need for more definitive site specific testing, and (to some degree) be repeatable and reproducible. Based on these criteria, and consistent with other evaluatory research (see above sections), are the following conclusions and recommendations :
- The Toxkit and IQ Toxicity TestTM organisms were, in general not as sensitive as the native species used by NIWA.
- Daphtoxkit FTM magna, Thamnotoxkit FTM, IQ Toxicity TestTM (as a potentially rapid method) and Algaltoxkit FTM are recommended as being suitable, overall, for screening purposes, and therefore may be included as DTA requirements for Resource Consents.
- Daphtoxkit FTM magna, Thamnotoxkit FTM, IQ Toxicity TestTM (as a rapid method) and Algaltoxkit FTM are also recommended as being suitable for toxicity identification evaluations (\'up the pipe\' toxicity) for industrial and municipal plants.
- Artoxkit MTM, Rotoxkit FTM and Rotoxkit MTM, while very cost effective, and with very good precision (repeatability), were not as sensitive as the others, and therefore are not recommended for whole effluent toxicity screening in New Zealand. The rotifer tests may be useful in wastewater treatment plants where operators may wish to monitor influent toxicity to protect rotifer populations in their treatment ponds.
- Further research should be carried out with the more recently developed Toxkits for suitability as screening tests Ceriodaphtoxkit FTM (test species C. dubia is native to New Zealand), the modified Protoxkit FTM and the new ostracod Toxkit, soon to be released.
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