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Corrosion is, in principle, an electrochemical process, but can be caused or accelerated by microbiological activities. This is referred to as `biocorrosion`. It is estimated that biocorrosion is responsible for 30-50% of all cases of corrosion. Biocorrosion causes localised corrosion problems in unexpected places and occurs faster than normal corrosion (10-100 times).

Biofouling is the unwanted growth of microorganisms on surfaces. In the industrial sector it usually results in additional costs and downtimes because cleaning and maintenance are required more frequently. Biofouling can also have an effect on the efficiency of processes, for example in heat exchangers because of a reduction in heat transfer, or a lowering of flow speeds. Biofouling can also lead to biocorrosion which in turn causes material damage.