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Osmium - the densest natural element; Osmium (Os) was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant who named it owing to the pungent and distinctive smell of its volatile oxide, osmium (VIII) oxide or osmium tetroxide (OsO4). The element is one of the most mysterious of the periodic table, from the blue colour of the sponge, its high melting point of 2700 oC, its ability to form the +8 oxidation state, its ability to form a volatile oxide to its high density of 4.906 g cm-3. All of these properties give osmium a unique mysterious characteristic to chemists.