Aquation Shutter Fluorometer

Shutter Fluorometer Features ? Self-closing shutter for automated dark acclimation at any time ? Shutter enables automated RLCs and determination of NPQ relaxation ? Fully waterproof and rugged design for diving ? Simple switch initiates program underwater ? Autogain and autozero functions automatically establish correct settings in the field ? Battery powered (larger housing and battery pack available for extended deployments) ? Shutter sensor can be operated direct from PC for pre-field tests ? Easy-to-use software with an uncluttered interface ? Available in 316 Stainless Steel or acetal Aquation’s Shutter Fluorometer measures both the effective and maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Its unique shutter mechanism alternately exposes the sample to full sunlight or darkness, enabling full quenching analysis at any time without user intervention. Flexible software enables yield measurements, dark acclimations, light curves and user- defined actinic light treatments to be made at any time of the day or night. Field Studies Plant Stress Analysis Pollution Studies Environmental Analysis The quantum yield of PSII photochemistry is widely used as a measure of photosynthetic performance and stress. Combined with ambient light intensity and two constants, electron transport rate can be calculated representing the flow of electrons into the photosystem at any time during the day. The Shutter Fluorometer enables these and other measurements to be made 24/7 both on-land and underwater for extended periods. The Shutter Sensor is designed as part of a fully submersible fluorometer system for use in both marine and freshwater environments. When multiple Shutter Sensors are combined with a Submersible Datalogger, the “Multichannel Shutter Fluorometer” will conduct multi-day deployments where regular measurements of plant photosynthetic performance are required without the need for operator intervention. See over for further detail. PO Box 3146 Umina Beach, NSW 2257 Phone +61-(0)-400 088 662 Email info@aquation.com.au www.aquation.com.au Shutter Fluorometer Specifications and applications: ? Measures ?F/Fm’ and Fv/Fm; Measures F0’ using shutter, enabling calculation of NPQ components ? Provides far-red illumination for PSI activation ? Provides actinic light for rapid light curves, induction curves or custom irradiance treatments ? Separate logger can operate 1 to 15 sensors simultaneously ? Select programs provided or define your own program using easy-to-use software ? Autonomous operation for up to 72 h depending on program ? Fully waterproof to 50m depth; also suitable for terrestrial use ? Measures temperature and PAR; cosine-corrected irradiance sensor on measuring head ? 316 stainless steel, Rugged design for demanding field conditions ? Automated dark acclimation for F0' measurement ? Primary production estimation (subject to caveats) ? Stress assessment Field Applications of the Shutter Fluorometer Continuous monitoring of the same sample over 24 hour periods with the Shutter Fluorometer provides both the baseline pre- dawn fluorescence values of F0 and Fm, daytime values of dark-acclimated F0', and enables calculation of non-photochemical quenching and direct measurement of ambient PAR throughout the day. Regular application of the far-red LED and shutter enables one to regularly determine Fo' without user intervention. Until now, automated measurement of Fo' in the field has not been possible yet has been identified as an important measurement in field fluorescence studies (Maxwell and Johnson 2000). This value is necessary for distinguishing the relative proportion of the components of non- photochemical quenching, in particular down- regulation and photo-inactivation (Kornyeyev and Holaday 2008). At the simplest level, these processes are related to a plant’s natural ability to cope with excess light and the extent to which the plant is stressed (Runcie et al. 2009). Determining and characterising plant stress is particularly relevant for field environmental studies. The Shutter Fluorometer is also well suited to the direct measurement of electron transport rate (ETR), where the simultaneous measurement of ambient PAR is used with fluorescence measurements and other plant- specific values to obtain ETR estimates (Beer et al. 1998, Longstaff et al. 2002). While the Shutter Fluorometer was originally designed to operate underwater, it can also be used in terrestrial studies. Beer S, Vilenkin B,Weil A, Veste M, Susel L, Eshel A (1998) Measuring photosynthetic rates in seagrasses by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 174:293–300 Kornyeyev D, Holaday AS (2008) Corrections to current approaches used to calculate energy partitioning in photosystem 2. Photosynthetica 46(2): 170-178 Longstaff BJ, Kildea T, Runcie JW, Cheshire A, Dennison WC, Hurd C, KanaT, Raven JA, Larkum AW (2002) An in situ study of photosynthetic oxygen exchange and electron transport rate in the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta). Photosynth Res 74: 281- 293. Maxwell K, Johnson G.N (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide. J. Exp. Bot. 51, 659–668. Runcie JW, Paulo D, Santos R, Sharon Y, Beer S. & Silva J. 2009, Photosynthetic Responses of Halophila stipulacea to a Light Gradient: I – In situ Energy Partitioning of Non-photochemical Quenching. Aquatic Biology 7: 143-152 PO Box 3146 Umina Beach, NSW 2257 Phone +61-(0)-400 088 662 Email info@aquation.com.au www.aquation.com.au