BBF - Biological Wastewater Treatment Brochure

The BKT’s BioFiltration System BBF Introduction and Specifications September 2012 TABLE OF Contents A MESSAGE from BKT I INTRODUCTION What is BBF How BBF Works Why use BBF II TECHNICAL INFORMATION Structure of BBF Equipments & Materials Operation Strategy Comparison of Technologies III BBF PRODUCT LINE BBF-W (Wastewater) BBF-F (Filtration) BBF-G (Water) IV APPLICATION V REFERENCES APPENDIX A message from BKT’s BioFiltration (BBF) system is versatile and specialized for water and wastewater treatment. It is based on a proven technology that has both physical filtration and biological removal functions using unique dual media (fixed and floating) layers. Such innovation allows compact design to minimize footprint, and the system can be especially efficient in cold temperature as low as 7 degree Celsius. The gravity based design for influent feed channel and backwash cycle enables BBF to be energy efficient without requiring extensive pumping, and semi-permanent media further reduces operating and maintenance costs. Due to the dual layer function, BBF has been successfully implemented for biological nutrient removal (BNR), tertiary treatment for water reuse application, Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) compliance, and meeting stringent local regulations including TN of 3~5 mg/L for some cases. There are three variations of BBF design for a number of applications. These include BBF-W for wastewater, specifically biological nutrient removal, BBF-F for high speed filtration for Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) and Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO), and a new BBF-G for groundwater treatment including nitrate and perchlorate removal. BBF has been used for new treatment plant construction as well as retrofit of existing facilities with more than 30 installations including the largest wastewater plant in Asia under construction at 190 MGD. With custom design in either steel vessel or concrete structure, BBF is versatile in every way to meet the challenging treatment requirement. Thank you 1 I INTRODUCTION What is BBF • BBF (BKT’s BioFiltration system) is a water and wastewater treatment technology that has both physical and biological filtration functions. • BBF is an up-flow process system using dual (fixed and floating) media layers composed of semi-permanent media materials. How BBF works • Larger size particles are pre-filtered by the fixed media layer at the bottom of the reactor (A). • Suspended solid and fine particles are filtered by the bio-film attached on the floating media (B). • Organic matter and nitrogen are also removed by the microbes that form the bio-film (C). Why use BBF VERSATILE • Primary treatment for combined sewer overflows (CSO) & sanitary sewer overflows (SSO) • Secondary treatment for biological nutrient removal (BNR) & total maximum daily load (TMDL) • Tertiary treatment for polishing and reuse SPECIALIZED • Low operating temperature • Small footprint • High effluent water quality • Makes retrofitting easy • Energy efficient design by gravity driven backwash process PROVEN • More than 30 references • Large scale experience (upto 190 MGD) • Two different design types (steel vessel & concrete structure) 2 VESSEL TYPE • Cylindrical vessels (dual or quad unit) • For small volume flow • Outdoor or indoor installation II TECHNICAL INFORMATION Structure of BBF CONCRETE TYPE • Rectangular concrete structures • For large volume flow • Above ground or underground design • Wastewater travels down from the influent water way located on top of the BBF reactor, and it enters the reactor at the bottom of the structure. • The hydraulic head difference creates an up-flow condition inside of the reactor and water first travels through the fixed media layer (anoxic zone) which is located at the bottom of the system. • Floating media layer is located in the middle of the reactor and is retained by strainer block. • Depending on the process air diffusers location relative to the floating media, oxic, anoxic, or oxic/anoxic conditions can be designed. • The effluent waterway conveys treated water from the system and the remaining water on top of floating media is used as backwash water source without requiring pump. 3 II TECHNICAL INFORMATION OPERATING CYCLE • Influent enters the BBF reactor from the top through influent pipe and by gravity reaches the bottom and then flows upward through both media layers. • Larger particles are filtered by the fixed media and the smaller particles, soluble pollutants and nutrients that pass through the fixed media layer are removed in the floating media’s biofilm. • The treated water exits the reactor through the effluent waterway on top of the reactor. • As the up-flow treatment process continues, headloss will be increased by the excess solid deposits. BACKWASHING CYCLE • Headloss is recovered by two backwash methods, gravity draining for sludge removal (fixed media) and air scouring for excess bio-mass removal (floating media). • Monitoring system (pressure gauge) triggers automatic backwash. • During backwashing, the air scouring facilitates the removal of suspended solid and excess biomass from the media layer. • Backwasing sludge drains through the backwashing channel. • The treated water remaining over the upper strainer block will be used for backwashing driven by gravity. Fixed Media Floating Media Effluent Operating cycle Backwashing cycle OPERATION STRATAGY 4 MEDIA II TECHNICAL INFORMATION Equipment and Materials • Consists of air diffusers and air supplier • Supplies air to create oxic zone in floating media. • Provides air supply to scour excess biomass deposits off of the media surface Media Material Available Size Specific Gravity Fixed Ceramic 5~20 mm > 1.5 g/cm3 Floating EPP 2~8 mm 0.01 g/cm3 AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM STRAINER BLOCK • Prevents loss of the floating and/or fixed media • Maintains uniform discharge flow • Air in the floating media escapes through the nozzles attached under the strainer block. • The uniform sized fixed media material is made from ceramic materials and is available with 5~20 mm diameter. • The floating media is an expanded poly propylene (EPP) material which provides the ideal surface area to build bio-film. Fixed media Floating media Air scouring system Strainer block with nozzle Air diffuser 5 II TECHNICAL INFORMATION Comparison of technologies Applications MBBR BBF MBR Effluent water quality Moderate Good Very good Footprint Moderate Small Moderate Tolerance to low temperature Moderate High Moderate Water reuse ability X O O TMDL control X O O Retrofitting and upgrading O O O CSO/SSO control X O X 6 Item BBF-W MLE SBR Temp. (oC) 7-8 10-12 10-12 BOD (%) 95-98 90-95 90-95 TSS (%) 96-98 85-92 88-92 T-N (%) 85-90 78-83 75-83 NH4-N (%) 95-98 85-93 88-95 III BBF PRODUCT LINE BBF-W (WASTEWATER) BBF-W is a nutrient removal process that targets BOD and SS removal as well. The BBF-W is for “wastewater”, and the nitrification & denitrification (N/DN), carbon & nitrification C/N) or denitrification (DN) processes can be selectively applied as required. Low Temperature BBF-W demonstrates stable performance even at low temperatures (~ 7°C) when compared to MLE and SBR. Small Footprint • BBF-W does not require a secondary clarifier because it is an attached growth system. • BBF-W can be constructed to minimize footprint by increasing reactor height. BBF-W N/DN C/N DN Condition Oxic/Anoxic Oxic Anoxic Air supply Middle Bottom None BBF-W configuration Process Comparison Retrofit & Upgrade • Easy to retrofit existing facilities and to expand treatment plant. • Remove residual BOD, SS, and remaining nitrogen. BNR(AS) process BBF-W process Performance comparison at low temperature Retrofitting to improve water quality 7 III BBF PRODUCT LINE BBF-F (FILTRATION) BBF-F is designed for combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment applications by targeting SS & BOD removal. BBF-F is for “filtration” and the system utilizes only the floating media layer for physical filtration. BBF-F configuration Easy Retrofitting Existing Primary Clarifier • Existing rectangular primary clarifier can be converted to BBF-F without major extension. • The conversion process includes: ? Remove existing equipment ? Install distribution box, partitions, and strainer block ? Install drain pipe and fill media layers ? Ready for operation • BBF-F has two large CSO reference sites with 132 MGD and 190 MGD capacities. Comparison of traditional primary clarifier and BBF-F for CSO treatment Existing primary clarifier converted to BBF-F 80% BOD and SS Removal 8 III BBF PRODUCT LINE BBF-G is designed for nitrate and perchlorate removal, especially for groundwater applications. In the anoxic floating media layer, the nitrate and/or perchlorate will be removed by reduction with electron donor. The composition of BBF-G is similar with BBF-W(DN), but less media volume is required because of the low influent concentrations typically seen in groundwater treatment application. BBF-G Configuration BBF-G (WATER) Methods Treatment Effectiveness Capital Cost O&M Cost Footprint Regulatory Acceptance Solid Waste Generation BBF-G High Medium Low Medium Medium Low GAC Low Medium High Medium Medium Medium Ion Exchange High Medium Medium Medium High None RO/NF Membrane High High High Small High None Electrodialysis Reversal High High High Small High None Comparison of Nitrate Treatment Methods Advantages of BBF-G • Nitrate and perchlorate are converted into innocuous end products. • No salt is required to regenerate the process unlike ion-exchange process. • Can achieve multiple treatment objectives including removal of perchlorate, nitrate, and some organics. • Indigenous microorganisms can be used. 9 IV APPLICATIONS Item Municipal Industrial Small Community BBF-W Nutrient Removal O O O Water Reuse O O O TMDL Control O Polishing Process O O O Tertiary Process O O BBF-F CSO/SSO Treatment O BBF-G Water Treatment O O O Product Types and the Applications BBF-W is designed to target nutrient, BOD, and SS removal from wastewater. The BBF-W has three process options, the nitrification & denitrification (N/DN), carbon & nitrification (C/N) or denitrification (DN) applied as required. BBF-F is designed to filter SS & BOD for CSO & SSO applications. BBF-F utilizes only the floating media layer for physical filtration. BBF-G is designed for nitrate, perchlorate, and other trace contaminant removal, especially for groundwater applications. BBF product types comparison chart 10 Wastewater Treatment for Nutrient Removal • Higher water quality requirement. • Retrofit and improve the current BNR process. IV APPLICATIONS Jungrang Water Recycling Center • Flowrate: 250,000 m³/d (66 MGD) • Nutrient removal & plant expansion • Process train: BBF-F?BBF-W?Discharge or reuse for recreational purpose • Water quality Gwangju2 Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 20,000m³/d (5.3 MGD) • Nutrient removal • Process train: Clarifier ? BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Okjung Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 22,000m³/d (5.8 MGD) • Nutrient removal • Process train: Clarifier ? BBF-W ?Discharge • Water quality (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Photo Photo Item BOD TSS TN NH4-N TP Influent 118 53 27 24 3 Effluent 7.2 10 15 2.6 1.5 Item BOD TSS TN NH4-N TP Influent 192 183 46 39 7 Effluent 5 10 20 1.5 0.2 Item BOD TSS TN NH4-N TP Influent 137 116 36 25 7 Effluent 4.8 5.7 9.3 0.6 1.0 11 Water Reuse and Retrofitting Wastewater Treatment Plant • Retrofitting existing wastewater treatment plant • Reused as recreational or industrial applications IV APPLICATIONS Boryung Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 30,000 m3/d (7.9 MGD) • Nitrogen removal • Process train: AS?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Dangjin Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 30,000 m³/d (7.9 MGD) • Plant expansion • Process train: AS?BBF-W?Reuse • Water quality Qufu City Wastewater Treatment Plant, China • Flowrate: 40,000 m³/d (10.6 MGD) • Reuse as cooling water for a power plant • Process train: AS?BBF-W?Reuse • Water quality Item BOD SS TN NH4-N TP Influent 40 40 25 12 1.5 Effluent 6 8 7 0.8 1.0 (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Item BOD COD SS TN TP Influent 18 37 15 22 2.0 Effluent 6 25 5 12 1.8 Item BOD COD SS TN TP Influent 24 52 21 23 2.1 Effluent 4 20 5 10 0.5 12 Enforce Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) through the Retrofitting Wastewater Treatment • The city government requires new reinforced TMDL standard. • BBF-W is installed as following process of the secondary clarifier. IV APPLICATIONS Gwangju Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 25,000 m³/d (6.6 MGD) • BOD, SS and nutrients removal • Process train: A2O?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Ohpo Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 14,000 m³/d (3.7 MGD) • BOD, SS and nutrients removal • Process train: OD?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Docheok Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 4,000 m³/d (1.1 MGD) • Organics and nutrients removal • Process train: OD?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Item BOD SS TN NH4-N TP Influent 15 20 30 12 1.5 Effluent 4 3 10 1.2 1 Item BOD SS TN NH4-N TP Influent 9 8 19 7 1.4 Effluent 3 3 8 0.5 1 Item BOD SS TN NH4-N TP Influent 15 20 30 10 1.5 Effluent 3 5 10 1.2 0.8 (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Photo 13 Polishing & Tertiary Treatment for High Strength Wastewater • Removes residual BOD, SS, and remaining nitrogen after biological process IV APPLICATIONS Kimhae Livestock Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 300 m³/d (87,000 gal/d) • Nitrogen and SS removal • Process train: SBR?AOP?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Soguipo Livestock Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 200 m³/d (53,000 gal/d) • Nitrogen and SS removal • Process train: SBR?AOP?BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality Pohang Municipal Wastewater Treatment • Flowrate: 9,000 m³/d (2.4 MGD) • RO concentrate treatment and reuse • Process train: RO concentrate system? BBF-W?Discharge • Water quality (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Item BOD COD SS TN TP Influent 32,000 20,000 31,000 5,500 800 Effluent 9 29.9 8.3 30.0 0.3 Item BOD COD SS TN TP Influent 15,000 12,000 15,000 3,500 700 Effluent 111 143 28 48 9 Item BOD COD SS TN TP Influent 40 60 50 72 0.5 Effluent 10 40 10 20 0.5 14 CSO/SSO Control and Primary Treatment • Organic matters and suspended solids in the first flush of storm water • Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO/SSO) treatment within a limited area IV APPLICATIONS Seonam Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 720,000 m³/d (190 MGD) • BOD and TSS removal • Process train: Screen?BBF-F?AS? • Water quality Jungrang Wastewater Treatment Plant • Flowrate: 500,000 m³/d (132 MGD) • BOD and TSS removal • Process train: Screen ? BBF-F?AS? • Water quality (mg/L) BBF-F construction in Jungrang WWTP BBF-W construction in Jungrang WWTP (mg/L) Item Influent Effluent % of Eff. BOD 150 40 73.3 SS 250 40 84.0 Item Influent Effluent % of Eff. BOD 150 40 73.3 SS 250 40 84.0 15 V REFERENCES Process Plant Name Capacity Note m3/d MGD BBF-W Jungrang WWTP 250,000 66 Advanced WWT Boryung WWTP 30,000 7.9 TMDL control Gwangju WWTP 25,000 6.6 TMDL control Ohpo WWTP 14,000 3.7 TMDL control Geomdan WWTP 40,000 10.6 Advanced WWT Qufu WWTP (China) 40,000 10.6 Water reuse Docheok WWTP 4,000 1.1 TMDL control Dangjin WWTP 30,000 7.9 Water reuse Jeungpyung WWTP 25,000 6.6 TMDL control Okjung WWTP 22,000 5.8 Water reuse Gwangju2 WWTP 20,000 5.3 Advanced WWT Deajuk WWTP 12,000 3.2 Advanced WWT Gonjiam2 WWTP 5,000 1.3 Advanced WWT Pyeongtaek WWTP 33,000 8.7 Advanced WWT Pocheon WWTP 24,000 6.3 Advanced WWT Seonam magok WRP 20,000 5.3 Water reuse Innovation City of Chungbuk WWTP 15,200 4.0 Advanced WWT Mitan WWTP 200 - Wastewater treatment Haman Pasu WWTP 300 - Wastewater treatment Pohang WWTP 9,000 2.4 Polishing & Tertiary Munmak WWTP 200 - Polishing & Tertiary Pyeongchang WWTP 200 - Polishing & Tertiary Other 16 LSWWTPs 40~700 - Polishing & Tertiary BBF-F Seonam WWTP 720,000 190 CSO/SSO control Jungrang WWTP 500,000 132 CSO/SSO control 16 APPENDIX 1 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 17 APPENDIX 2 18 3D DIAGRAM FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURE APPENDIX 3 LAYOUT VESSELE TYPE FOR TERTIARY TREATMENT (BBF-W 400 m3/d) CONCRETE TYPE FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT (BBF-W 232,000 m3/d) 19 (Unit: feet) (Unit: mm) 1225 North Patt St, Anaheim, CA 92801 TEL (714) 578-0676 x110 | FAX (714) 578-5963 | www.bkt21.com | info@bkt21.com Copyright © 2012 BKT Co.Ltd. 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