In the 1930’s, two Penn State University Chemical Engineering professors, Dr. Michael Cannon and Dr. Walter Fenske, began work on a research project characterizing the physical properties of petroleum products.

They measured kinematic viscosity using the Ostwald manual glass viscometer, the common viscometer for the time. However, they struggled with measurement errors associated with the viscometer. The professors discovered that a slight tilt of the viscometer within the constant temperature bath affected the accuracy of the viscosity measurement, an issue stemming from the out-flow reservoir (larger viscometer bulb) being in a different vertical plane as the timing bulb (smaller viscometer bulb).

Dr. Cannon and Dr. Fenske theorized that they could resolve this issue by bending the viscometer. So Dr. Cannon asked Penn State’s glass shop, which made scientific glassware for the university’s chemistry department, to bend several Ostwald Viscometers into a geometry that he believed would eliminate the vertical alignment problems. After some trial and error in his university laboratory, Dr. Cannon created a prototype viscometer that provided the desired results. This new viscometer geometry later became known as the Cannon-Fenske Routine Viscometer.

Cannon - Model CT-518 Series - Constant Temperature Bath- Brochure