Control Banding - Opportunities and Horizons Brochure

RISK ASSESSMENT & THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS E.A. Sullivan OHAO PDC Toronto. October 17, 2008 2 •? Risk and beauty exist in the eye of the beholder •? Risk is a “social construction” rather than a physical fixed attribute 3 •? Technical risk •? Financial risk •? Public risk •? Employee risk •? Environmental risk •? Corporate risk 4 Concept of Risk includes: •? Existence of Hazard/Occurrence of an event •? Adverse consequences •? Uncertainty/probability/frequency of event •? Perception 5 RISK MANAGEMENT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL (Implement/Re-evaluate) RISK ANALYSIS RISK EVALUATION (Identify controls) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ESTIMATION (Frequency; Consequence) 6 7 8 RISK LOW – Tolerable Monitor and Manage MEDIUM - Monitor and maintain strict control measures HIGH – Review. Introduce additional controls to mitigate to ALARP EXTREME – Intolerable. Stop work and immediately introduce further control measures 9 Risk Assessment by the BRITISH STANDARDS ORGANIZATION SEVERITY LIKELIHOOD V. Unlikely Unlikely Likely V. Likely Slight V. LOW V. LOW LOW LOW Moderate V. LOW MED HIGH V. HIGH Extreme HIGH V. HIGH V. HIGH V. HIGH 10 Note: These categorizations and the resulting asymmetry of the matrix arise from the examples of harm and likelihood illustrated within the British Standard. Organizations should adjust the design and size of the matrix to suit their needs. [Ref: Risk Assessment. www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/] 11 Risk Matrix designed to “suit needs” i.e. is intentionally: •?Empirical •?Pragmatic •?Results-oriented 12 CONSEQUENCE ? 1 2 3 LIKELIHOOD ? 1 2 3 MATRIX Exercise 13 4 5 6 3 4 5 2 3 4 CONSEQUENCE ? 1 2 3 LIKELIHOOD ? 1 2 3 All parameters of equal weight 14 4 HIGH/ LOW 5 6 3 4 MEDIUM/ MEDIUM 5 2 3 4 LOW/ HIGH CONSEQUENCE ? 1 2 3 LIKELIHOOD ? 1 2 3 Matrix design for equal distribution of 3 groupings with “MEDIUM” fixed. LOW: 2,3 MED: 4 HIGH: 5,6 15 The Control Banding approach must be: •?Simple •?Understandable •?User-friendly •?Useful •?Flexible 16 RISK MANAGEMENT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL (Implement/Re-evaluate) RISK ANALYSIS RISK EVALUATION (Identify controls) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Health Assessment/Dose-Response RISK ESTIMATION EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 17 RISK MANAGEMENT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL (Implement/Re-evaluate) RISK ANALYSIS RISK EVALUATION (Identify controls) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Health Hazard/Toxicity RISK ESTIMATION Exposure Categorization QUANTITY DUSTINESS/VOLATILITY DURATION of exposure 18 19 20 + ? ? [Empirical Matrix] Health Hazard Exposure Potential Generic Risk Assessment Control Strategy 21 1.?HEALTH/TOXICITY HAZARD 22 Toxicity Rating Category LD50 rat (mg/kg) Prob. Lethal Dose for Man 1 Extremely Toxic 1 1 grain 2 Highly Toxic 1-50 1tsp 3 Moderately Tox. 50-500 1 oz 4 Slightly Toxic 500-5000 1 pint 5 Pract. Non-toxic 5000-15000 1 quart 6 Relatively Harmless >15000 >1 quart 23 1 2 3 3+ 4 5 Dilution Local Exhaust ventil’n Enclosure/Isolation Ventilated Enclosure - Robotics ventilation >1-10 mg/m3 0.1-1 mg/m3 0.01-0.1 mg/m3 1-10 µg/m3 0.1-1 µg/m3 <100 ng/m3 24 ?? Acute Toxicity ?? Severity of acute effects ?? Irritation/Corrosion ?? Sensitization ?? Likelihood of chronic effects ?? Severity of chronic effects ?? Potency ?? Acute warning properties ?? Onset of warning symptoms ?? Need for medical intervention ?? Medically treatable ?? Cumulative effects ?? Reversibility ?? Alteration of quality of life 25 Tier HMIS NFPA COSHH 0 (A) Minimal No significant risk No unusual health hazard Skin, eye irritants 1 (B) Slight Irritation or minor reversible injury Irritating Harmful on single exposure 2 (C) Moderate Temporary minor injury Harmful if inhaled or absorbed Toxic, corrosive 3 (D) Serious Major injury Corrosive or toxic V. toxic; toxic to reproduction 4 (E) Severe Life threatening; major or perm. inj. Fatal on short exposures Asthma; cancer; genetic damage 26 [Based on EU classification Risk (R-)Phrases] Hazard Band A criteria: R20, 21, 22: Harmful by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact R36: Irritating to eyes R38: Irritating to skin R65: Harmful; may cause lung damage if swallowed R67: Vapours may cause drowsiness & dizziness 27 •? Unfamiliar to N. Americans •? Provided by supplier on MSDS •? Critically dependent on supplier expertise •? Inaccuracies/Inconsistencies can occur •? Absence of professional classification listing •? Access & confirmation problematical 28 ??Professionally established by toxicologists: CSST (Quebec); CCOHS; Health Canada ??Readily Available (Internet) ??Many substances listed: 2000+? ??Avoids supplier misclassification ??Avoids MSDS inaccuracies & omissions ??Avoids use of non-standardized label info. ??Avoids use of unfamiliar EU R-phrases ??Being upgraded to conform to GHS 29 •? Some classifications will change •? Overall, not excessively •? Are classifications of the product to be disclosed on MSDSs? •? Standardized (?) risk statements •? Overall completeness/accuracy, still critically dependent on supplier competence 30 D1A D1B D2A D2B E Acute v. tox Acute tox Carcinogen IARC I, II Irritant Skin, Eye Corrosive Skin, metal TDG 6.1 Pk Gr I, II TDG 6.1 Pk Gr III Mutagen, germ cell Mutagen, somatic cell TDG Class 8 Resp. Sens. Skin Sens. Reprod. toxin Toxic, chronic Fetotoxin Teratogen v. Tox., chronic 31 Tier Description HMIS, NFPA COSHH Essentials WHMIS Level 0(A) Minimal hazard; relatively harmless; Practically non-toxic; no significant health risk Skin, eye irritants Not a WHMIS controlled product LOW 1(B) Slight hazard; slightly toxic. Irritation. Minor reversible injur. Harmful on single exposure 2(C) Moderate hazard; moderately toxic. Temporary minor injury. Toxic, corrosive D1B: acute D2B: Irrit.; Chronic MED 3(D) Serious hazard; highly (or very) toxic. Major injury. V. toxic; toxic to reproduction D1A: acute D2A: chr. E: corrosive HIGH 4(E) Severe hazard; extremely toxic; life threatening. Asthma; cancer; genetic damage 32 33 •? Less complicated than pharma models •? Intended for implementation by SMEs •? Focus NOT on OELs & air monitoring •? Adapted by ILO/WHO for Int’l Toolkits •? Uses a simplified generic risk assessment •? Generates appropriate (?) control option •? Provides detailed process guidance sheets 34 2. EXPOSURE POTENTIAL 35 A. Quantity B. Dustiness (Solids) C. Volatility (Liquids) D. Duration/Frequency 36 3 Levels: LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH grams kilograms tonnes •? 6 orders of magnitude •? Too wide?? Irrelevant?? •? Exposure depends on task, process design, work practices, agent surface area, room configuration 37 38 3 Levels Low: Pellets, flakes, granules; little dust Medium: Visible dust; settles out quickly High: Fine, light powder; dust remains airborne Crude; too subjective?? Particle size? Visible >> 10µ (In)visibility of substances in Bands B to D? Inhalable vs. Respirable 39 40 41 42 •? Arbitrary cut-points? •? Eventual control matrix robust enough to accommodate arbitrary elements? •? Necessity of Operating Temperature as an additional refinement? 43 Difficulties with MSDSs: •? b.p. & vapour pressure not always disclosed; MSDSs often list: “Not Determined” or “N.Av.” (particularly for mixtures) •? Might need reference search for specific substances 44 •? Minimal weighting in control selection •? Control approach reduced one level if task occurs less than 30 minutes per day?? •? PPE most practical if brief or infrequent…? 45 3. CONTROLS 46 Four Levels: 1.? Dilution Ventilation 2.? Local Exhaust Ventilation 3.? Enclosure 4.?Seek Expert/Specialist Advice 47 eCOSHHBAND Amount LOW Dust., Vol MED Vol MED Dustiness HIGH Dustiness,Vol A S 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 2 L 1 1 2 2 B S 1 1 1 1 M 1 2 2 2 L 1 2 3 3 C S 1 2 1 2 M 2 3 3 3 L 2 4 4 4 D S 2 3 2 3 M 3 4 4 4 L 3 4 4 4 E S,M,L 4 4 4 4 48 49 1 2 3 3+ 4 5 Dilution Local Exhaust ventil’n Enclosure/Isolation Ventilated Enclosure - Robotics ventilation Encl. Seek Expert Advice >1-10 mg/m3 0.1-1 mg/m3 0.01-0.1 mg/m3 1-10 µg/m3 0.1-1 µg/m3 <100 ng/m3 50-500 ppm 5-50 ppm 0.5-5 ppm <0.5 ppm 50 Band No. Target Range of Exposure Concentration Hazard Group Control 1 (A) >1-10 mg/m3 dust >50-500 ppm vapour Skin & eye irritants Dilution vent.; Good IH pract. 2 (B) >0.1-1 mg/m3 dust >5-50 ppm vapour Harmful on single exposure Local Exhaust Ventilation 3 (C) >0.01-0.1 mg/m3 dust >0.5-5 ppm vapour Severely irritating & corrosive Enclosure 4 (D) <0.01 mg/m3 dust <0.50 ppm vapour Very toxic on single exposure; sensitizer; reproductive hazard Seek expert advice 5 (E) ALARA? COSHH Essentials: Cancer, asthma, genetic damage Seek expert advice 51 Name OEL Carcinogen Sensitizer Asbestos 0.1f/cc A1 Cadmium Compounds 0.002 mg/m3 A2 Silica 0.025 mg/m3 A2 Insol CrVI Compounds 0.01 mg/m3 A1 Rosin core Solder, Therm. Decomp. Prods. ALARA ? TDI MDI HMDI IPDI 0.005 ppm ? Carbon Tetrachloride 5 ppm A2 Formaldehyde C 0.3 ppm A2 ? Glutaraldehyde C 0.05 ppm ? 52 ?? Stoffenmanager, ECETOC: 3 ?? ECOH 3 HIGH Isolation MEDIUM Local ExhaustVentilation LOW Dilution Ventilation 53 •? Regulatory need for compliance with OELs •? OELs under constant revision •? Are OELs Implicit in the CB approach? •? Can OELs be an explicit parameter? 54 From the TLV Booklet. TLVs are: •? Health-based values •? NOT a relative index of toxicity (NOT synonymous with health hazard) •? NOT quantitative estimates of risk at different exposure levels or by different routes of exposure 55 56 General Experience: •? Gases do not fit well with CB approaches •? Treat separately 57 58 •?COSHH Essentials (UK) •?Int’l Chemical Control Toolkit (ILO) •?Stoffenmanager (Netherlands) •?ECETOC (EU) •?ECOH (OEL Compliance) 59 •? Input variables •? Properties/Algorithms in Database •? Output: - Control Category Selection - Control Advice - Control Guidance Sheets 60 Control Guidance Sheets Freq: # Times, Duration Quantity Dust. Op. Temp. B. Pt. or Vapour Press. R-Phrases Liquid or Solid Chemical Name WEB CALC 61 62 Quantity Control Guidance Sheets Pesticides ICC Toolkit Short Cut Common Solvents 63 Quantity /Batch or /Day Dustiness if Solid Op. Temp. B. Pt. R-Phrases Control Guidance Sheets Toolkit WEB CALC 64 Control Level Freq/ Dur Quant Dust. Vap. Press. R- Phrases Liquid /Solid Chem Name Vent. Info Task Info MSDS Info Co. Info WEB CALC 65 Quantity Dustiness if Solid Boiling Point OEL or Other Health Hazard CONTROL ADVICE CAS Number Synonym Chemical Name ECOH WEB Calculator