CT Disinfection Brochure

The broad spectrum disinfection properties of chlorine dioxide result in a lower C T value than traditional chlorine treatment to help a plant comply with EPA regulations. Chlorine dioxide offers utilities a simple solution to primary disinfection requirements. Chlorine Dioxide CT DISINFECTION CREDITS ? Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity ? Effective over a wide pH range ? 2.6 times the oxidizing capacity of chlorine ? Does not chlorinate or form halogenated DBPs ? Selective chemistry; no reaction with ammonia ? Easily implemented and fed to system ? Not temperature sensitive ? Residuals easily analyzed ? Bacteria, protozoa & virus inactivation ? Cost effective alternative The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), published in 1989, requires potable water utilities serving greater than 10,000 people to calculate “CT” values for the four EPA approved disinfectants, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine and chloramines to ensure a minimum inactivation of a particular pathogen in surface waters is achieved. CT is the product of disinfectant residual concentration “C” in mg/L and contact time “T” in minutes to achieve a 3 log reduction of Giardia and a 4 log reduction of viruses. New regulations such as the Stage One and the Stage Two Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Rules, limiting trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)levels, have severely curtailed the use of traditional chlorine treatment resulting in the need to reevaluate water treatment strategies. Easy Solution Traditional chlorine treatment limitations include lack of adequate retention time, elevated pH system water and achieving CT compliance, which results in elevated halogenated disinfection byproduct problems. Chlorine dioxide has a lower CT value than chlorineresulting in less detention time, is not pH sensitive at typical water production and is not a halogen so it won’t chlorinate organics to form THMs or HAAs. Chlorine dioxide is a viable alternative to traditional chlorine treatment for systems that are struggling to balance the CT compliance under the SWTR versus the disinfection byproduct of the Stage One DBP Rule. Versatile Disinfectant Chlorine dioxide is a versatile disinfectant that can be used as a primary disinfectant in potable water, as it reduces or controls bacteria, viruses, cysts and algae while being effective over wide temperature & pH ranges. Using chlorine dioxide will help optimize overall treatment efficiencies, including improved coagulation, reduced turbidities, improved particulate removals, increased CT values and lower THMs and HAAs levels. Chlorine dioxide, when used as a primary disinfectant in potable water treatment, is a powerful oxidant with CT values second only to ozone in biocidal efficacy, but without the high capital expenditures and the ozonation byproducts. In addition, chlorine dioxidedoes not have the solids loading problem and the lengthy detention times associated with potassium permanganate. Using chlorine dioxide does not result in the formation of chlorinated or brominated disinfection byproducts like THMs or HAAs. A reduction byproduct of chlorine dioxide is chlorite ion, which is regulated under the Stage One and the Stage Two Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Rules at 1.0 mg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL). At typical dosage rates, chlorine dioxide can be used successfully to achieve CT compliance without exceeding the MCL. Chlorine Dioxide CT DISINFECTION CREDITS Low Capital / Easily Implemented Chlorine dioxide cannot be shipped in a drum and must be generated on-site. An International Dioxcide, Inc. (IDI), OXYCHLOR® on-site generator produces chlorine dioxide solution safely under vacuum and delivers the solution to the point of application. Chlorine dioxide is fed similarly to existing chlorine disinfection treatment systems often using the existing feed piping. The OXYCHLOR® generators use ADOX® sodium chlorite as the precursor solution to chlorine dioxide, which is available from IDI. There are numerous types of affordable generators available from IDI that can normally be installed in 1 - 2 days to meet your treatment needs. Additional Uses Chlorine dioxide’s broad spectrum capabilities enable it to be used in a variety of potable water applications: ? Iron & Manganese Oxidation ? Taste & Odor Control ? Trihalomethane (THMs) & Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) Control ? Color Removal & Algae Control ? Cryptosporidium Inactivation ? Nitrification Control ? Zebra Mussel Control Approvals The use of chlorine dioxide is approved by U.S. EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. The ADOX® sodium chlorite precursor solutions carry U.S. EPA registrations and are ANSI/NSF Standard 60 Drinking Water Additive certified. Information Available International Dioxcide, Inc., a DuPont Company, is a world-leading provider of chlorine dioxide products and related technology for disinfecting, sanitizing and odor control applications. IDI has specialized in chlorine dioxide technologies for over 60 years and is a leading supplier of chlorine dioxide technologies for a wide variety of markets. For additional information about International Dioxcide’s OXYCHLOR® chlorine dioxide generator systems and ADOX® sodium chlorite precursor solutions, please contact IDI’s sales office. CT Values in Water @ 10oC with pH 6 – 9 (mg-min/L) Disinfectant Viruses 4-log (99.99%) Giardia 3-log (99.9%) pH on Efficacy Ozone 1.0 1.43 Little influence ClO2 25.1 23 Efficacy slightly increases with pH Chlorine 6 104 Efficacy decreases considerably with the increase of pH Chloramines 1491 1850 Little influence Sales Office: International Dioxcide, Inc. A DuPont Company 40 Whitecap Drive North Kingstown, RI 02852 Phone: 401.295.8800 Toll Free: 800.477.6071 Fax: 401.295.7108 Website: www.idiclo2.com Guidance Manual for Filtration & Disinfection Compliance Requirements, Appendix E (USEPA, 1991, edition) In no event shall IDI be liable to the buyer or to any third party for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages (including without limitation lost profits, lost savings, or loss of business opportunity) arising out of or relating to any product or service provided or to be provided by IDI, even if IDI has been advised of the possibility of such damages. INTERNATIONAL DIOXCIDE ("IDI") MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THESE PRODUCTS, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES FOR MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IDI'S SOLE OBLIGATION AND LIABILITY FOR PRODUCT DEFECTS SHALL BE, AT IDI'S OPTION, TO REPLACE SUCH DEFECTIVE PRODUCT OR REFUND TO BUYER THE AMOUNT PAID BY BUYER THEREFOR. IN NO EVENT SHALL IDI'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE BUYER'S PURCHASE PRICE. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™, The miracles of science™, Oxychlor® and Adox® are trademarks or registered trademarks of DuPont or its affiliates. @2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All rights reserved. K-16659 05/07)