e-OPAS_HRA_Brochure

Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Warwick International has spent the last twelve months researching the Health Risk Appraisal marketplace within the UK and aboard. We believe that a health risk assessment should meet both individual and organisational needs. We also believe that service integration is vital and as the product sits within an occupational health system can be used intelligently to manage health risk. In the broadest sense the HRA is a health and wellbeing audit. It aims to identify, as a base for later reducing, the risk of future ill health. It does not aim to recognise and/or diagnose current illness (though it may highlight or indicate such conditions). The goal of the exercise is to reduce preventable disease, increase personal and corporate wellbeing, enhance productivity and improve performance. It addresses health issues, which present important personal health risks that in turn impact heavily (in) business and industry. These risks however, can be reduced through appropriate interventions. It does not address health issues for which there are no proven effective forms of intervention. For this reason, certain health problems are not addressed. In summary, the HRA has been built to address the following needs: ? Identify, as a means to alter modifying, the risk of future ill health ? Identify potential health problems early and if possible prevent them ? Provide feedback to individuals and educational information based on the individual’s level of risk and willingness to change. ? Provide a comprehensive report to the organisation detailing health issues that are impacting upon the organisation. In the construction of the HRA, over 20 Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaires were reviewed. Our HRA has been developed by Dr Les Smith, Occupational Health Consultant who has chosen questions which are the most relevant, useful and if possible validated for that particular subject area. Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Dr Les Smith Specialist and Consultant in Occupational Health & Safety Dr Les Smith MBChB MRCGP MFOM MIOSH MISMA CAvMed is Member of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, an accredited specialist and consultant in occupational medicine and a Member of the Chartered Institute of Occupational Health and Safety. He has a background in General Practice and is a Member of the Royal College of General Practitioners. He has served as a senior medical officer in the Royal Air Force and has also worked as a consultant in Family and Community Medicine in Saudi Arabia where he developed modern primary care systems and training for Saudi Arabian doctors. His previous positions have included Chief Medical Officer to Scottish Power Group (which included Manweb, Southern Water, and Pacificor in the USA, Head of Employee Health Services for the pharmaceutical giant Pfizer and medical adviser to Eon UK and Abbey Bank. He was also the regional medical officer for British Rail Great Western Region. He is currently a consultant physician to Shell International (London) and is also the UK medical adviser to the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi – Aventis. He believes in quality controlled, audited, ethical, evidence based occupational medicine, and the high importance of Clinical governance. He was a tutor in occupational medicine for physicians at Manchester University and has also lectured at Birmingham, Surrey and Kent Universities. He is an examiner for the Faculty of Occupational Medicine. He has worked as an auditor with Wellbeing4business as the clinical and compliance auditor for the past 4 years. Research and validation Identification of best practice questionnaires currently being employed. The following is a table listing assessment instruments currently available: Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Name of Instrument Content Comments American Productivity Audit (APA) 46 questions via phone survey with some variability Measures absenteeism and presenteeism Health Limitations Questionnaire (HLiQ) 23 item questionnaire Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Healthy People / Productive Community Survey (HPCS) 200 item questionnaire using Likert scale Measures absenteeism and presenteeism Health & Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) 12 item questionnaire using Likert scale Measures absenteeism and presenteeism Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI) 66 questiona at maximum Captures absenteeism and presenteeism & care giver demands Angina-Related Limitations at Work Questionnaire (ALWQ) 17 item questionnaire using Likert scale Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS) 25 item self-scored questionnaire Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Health & Labour Questionnaire (HLaQ) 7 presenteeism questions plus 3 additional domains Measures absenteeism and presenteeism, unpaid production and work impediments Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ) 27 questions in 6 sub-scales Measures absenteeism and presenteeism & work performance Health & Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO) 88 questions Captures absenteeism and presenteeism & critical event information Migraine Work & Productivity Loss Questionnaire (MWPLQ) 23 questions Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Osterhaus Technique (OT) 12 questions Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Standard Presenteeism Scale (SPS) 6 questions using a Likert scale Captures presenteeism Unnamed Hepatitis Instrument (UHI) 3 questions Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) 25 questions Captures presenteeism Work Productivity & Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAIQ) 6 questions Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Worker Productivity Index (WPI) Directly measures computer activity of customer service staff Captures absenteeism and presenteeism Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Reference sites ? Blood pressure, cholesterol, heart risk, - British Heart Foundation, Diabetes UK, N.I.C.EGuidelines 2004/5 (anxiety, depression), N.I.C.E guidelines 2006 (blood pressure, lipids), NHS Direct, Heart UK, British Hypertension Society ? Lifestyle - NHS Quit smoking, Loughborough University Sleep Research Centre, ACSM, BHF active, National Obesity Forum – (Metabolic syndrome, Waist, BP, BMI, Cholesterol, Blood sugar) ? Cancer - CancerHelp UK, Cancerbackup ? Mental health – MIND, N.I.C.E Guidelines 2004/5 (anxiety, depression), NHS Direct, British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, BACP ? Debt - Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB), Insolvency Service, Consumer Credit Counseling Service ? Relationships and family– Milestone PPC, Relate, Parents at work ? Training and Careers - PPC Training and Development, Careers UK ? Business metrics – Institute of Health and Productivity Management IHPM, The Employers' Forum on Disability, Health ? and Wellbeing UK, Work smart, EAPA, Employers For Childcare, Equal Opportunities Commission, The Work Foundation, CIPD, HSE, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), Health at Work ? Past questionnaires - WELL programme 2003-2007, Pressure Management Indicator 2007, Wellsource, Summex, GSK ? work life balance questionnaire ? Books - Measuring Employee Productivity: A guide to self-assessment tools.2001, Rules of Engagement: Life-work ? Balance and Employee Commitment: Books: Mike Johnson by Mike Johnson, The Corporate Athlete: How to Achieve Maximal Performance in Business and Life: Books: Jack L. Groppel,Bob Andelman by Jack L. Groppel, ? SF36, SF8, SF12 ? The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). ? The World Health Organisation (WHO)5 Wellbeing Index ? N.I.C.E guidelines 2004/5 (anxiety, depression) ? N.I.C.E guidelines 2006 (blood pressure, lipids) ? Loughborough Sleep Research Centre ? Hodgson R, Alwyn T, John B, Thom B, Smith A. The FAST alcohol screening test. Alcohol & Alcoholism 2002;37(1):61-66.NHS choices ? Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, De La Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction 1993;88(6):791- 804. ? Diabetes UK ? Cancer research Uk ? BHF Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Research papers Sleep and fatigue ? Chevalier H, et al. Evaluation of severe insomnia in the general population: results of a European multinational survey. J Psychopharm 1999; 13 [Suppl 1]: S21-S24. ? Horne J & Reyner L. Vehicle accidents related to sleep. A review. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56: 289-294. ? Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991; 14: 540-545. ? Leigh P. Employee and job attributes as predictors of absenteeism in a national sample of wotkers: The importance of health and dangerous working conditions. ZOc Sci Med 1991; 33: 127-137. ? Mitler MM, et al. Catastrophes, sleep and public policy: Consensus report. Sleep 1988; 11: 100-109. ? Roth T. New trends in insomnia management. J Psychopharm 1999; 13 [Suppl 1]: S37-S40. ? Roth T. Diagnosis and management of insomnia. Clin Cornerstone 2000; 2: 28-38. ? Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY-Stony Brook 11794-8121. Exercise ? American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Position Stand: Proper and Improper Weight Loss Programs. ? Fit For Business, 1997 ? US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: USA. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1996 ? Pollock ML et al. The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE) 1998; 30 ? Wilmore JH & Costill DL. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Human Kinetics, 1994 ? Wilmore JH & Costill DL. Prescription of exercise for health and fitness. In Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Human Kinetics, Champaign IL, 1994a. Pages 512-530. ? Maintaining good health – copy for your patients. JAMA 1999; 282: 2092. Nutrition ? American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Position Stand: Proper and Improper Weight Loss Programs. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE), 1983; 15: ix-xiii ? Department of Health. Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease. Report of the Cardiovascular Review Group of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. 1994. HMSO, London ? [NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination. The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. The University of York. www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/eh32.htm ? http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/ ? http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/healthyliving/dietandhealthyeating/ Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Alcohol, Smoking ? American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines. APA on-line. Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with substance abuse disorders. Alcohol, cocaine, opioids. www.psych.org/psych/htdocs/clin_res/pg_substance} ? Netdoctor On-line. Health Advice: Do I drink too much alcohol? www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice ? Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)a. Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 8. Smoking cessation. http://text.nlm.nih.gov ? Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)b. Consumer Version, Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 8. ? Smoking cessation. http://text.nlm.nih.gov ? Department of Health; Statistical Bulletin. Statistics on Smoking, England 1976 to 1996. 1998; Bulletin 1998/25 ? NHS Centre for Reviews & Dissemination, The University of York. Effectiveness matters. Smoking cessation: what the health service can do. 1998; 31: www.york.ac.uk Obesity ? Association for the Study of Obesity. Obesity – General Information. 1997. www.aso.org.uk/oric ? British Heart Foundation. Eating for your Heart. May 1999 ? British Nutrition Foundation. 2000. www.nutrition.org.uk ? World Health Organisation (WHO). Consultation on Obesity. 1997. 3-5 June, Geneva, Switzerland. Health behaviour ? Prochaska JO & DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983; 51[3]: 390-395. ? Prochaska JO. Why do we behave the way we do? Can J Cardiol 1995; 11[Suppl A]: 20A-25A. ? Prochaska JO & Velicier WF. The transtheoretical model of health behaviour change. Am J Health Promot 1997; 12[1]: 38-48. ? Rollnick S, Mason P & Butler C. Foundations: theory and practice. In Health Behavior Change. Churchill Livingstone, London 1999a. Pages 17-39. Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Musculoskeletal ? Proactive approaches to tackling back pain. 1999. Industrial Relations Services. ? Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, US (AHCPR). Management guidelines for acute low back pain. 1994. ? Backwatchers™. The basic exercise programme for recovery from back pain problems. ? Nelson BW et al. The clinical effectiveness of intensive, specific exercise on chronic low back pain: a controlled study of 895 consecutive patients with 1-year follow up. Orthopedics 1993; 18. ? Smith L. Evaluation of the benefits of Physiotherapy in the workplace; Literature review and case-study. Unpub. ? HSE Mental health and stress ? Cox T, et al. Organisational interventions for work stress. A risk management approach. HSE Books, 2000. ISBN 0 7176 1838 2 ? Reynolds S. Interventions: what works, what doesn’t? Occup Med 2000; 50 (5): 315-319. ? Williams S. Managing pressure for peak performance: the positive approach to stress. Kogan Page Ltd, London, 1997. ISBN: 0 7494 1239 9. ? Reynolds DJ & Hovanitz CA. Life event stress and headache frequency revisited. Headache 2000; 40: 111-118. ? Cooper CL & Quick JC. Stress and strain. Health Press Ltd, Oxford, 1999. ISBN: 1-899541-13-6 ? Cooper CL & Williams J. A validation study of the OSI on a blue-collar sample. Stress Medicine; 1991; 7: 109-112. ? Cox T, et al. Organisational interventions for work stress. A risk management approach. HSE Books, 2000. ISBN 0 7176 1838 2 ? Smith A et al. The scale of occupational stress. The Bristol Stress and Health at Work Study. Contract Research report 265/2000. HSE Books, 2000. ISBN: 0-7176-1783-1 ? Williams S & Cooper CL. Measuring occupational stress: development of the pressure management indicator. J Occupational Health Psychology 1998; 3: 306-321 ? Stress - http://www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards/about.htm Warwick International Computing Systems Ltd Website: www.warwickicsystems.com Email: enquiries@warwickicsystems.com Tel: +44(0)1332 781 882 Occupational Health Software Health and Wellbeing Risk Appraisal Background Information Health and performance ? Burton WN, Chen CY, Conti DJ, Schultz AB, Edington DW. The association between self-reported health risks and presenteeism. J Health Productivity. 2006;1:9-15. ? Wright DW, Beard MJ, Edington DW. Association of health risks with the cost of time away from work. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44:1126-34. ? Burton WN, Chen CY, Conti DJ, Schultz AB, Pransky G, Edington DW. The association of health risks with on-the-job productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47:769-77. ? Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R. Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA. 2003; 290(18):2443-54. ? Lerner DJ, Amick III BC, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K. The Work Limitations Questionnaire: A Self-Administered Instrument for Assessing On-The-Job Work Disability. Medical Care 2001;39(1):72-85. ? Lerner D, Reed JL, Massarotti E, Wester LM, Burke TA. The Work Limitations Questionnaire’s validity and reliability among patients with osteoarthritis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:197-208. ? Prasad M, Wahlqvist P, Shikiar R, Shih YC. A review of self-report instruments measuring health-related work productivity: a patient-reported outcomes perspective. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22:225-44. ? The development of a new corporate specific health risk measurement instrument, and its use in investigating the ? relationship between health and well-being and employee productivity Peter R Mills 2005 ? Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, ? Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P: The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med 2003, 45:156-174. ? cores and measurements: validity, reliability, sensitivity. In Quality of Life: Assessment, analysis and interpretation Edited by: Fayers PM and Machin D. Chichester, Wiley; 2001. ? Goetzel RZ, Anderson DR, Whitmer RW, Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, Wasserman J: The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures. An analysis of the multiemployer ? HERO health risk and cost database. The Health Enhancement Research Organization (HERO) Research ? Committee. J Occup Environ Med 1998, 40:843-854. ? Aldana SG, Pronk NP: Health promotion programs, modifiable health risks, and employee absenteeism. J Occup Environ Med2001, 43:36-46. ? Golaszewski T, Snow D, Lynch W, Yen L, Solomita D: A benefit-tocost analysis of a work-site health promotion program. JOccup Med 1992, 34:1164-1172. ? Aldana SG: Financial impact of health promotion programs: a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Health Promot2001, 15:296-320. ? Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, Goetzel RZ, Cantor RI, Murnane J, Harrison M: A return on investment evaluation of the Citibank, N.A., health management program. Am J Health Promot 1999, 14:31-43. ? Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D, Lipton R: Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. JAMA 2003, 290:2443-2454. ? Stoller MK: Economic effects of insomnia. Clin Ther 1994, 16:873-897. ? Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ, Sederer LI, Mark TL: The business case for quality mental health services: why employers should care about the mental health and well-being of their employees. J Occup Environ Med 2002, 44:320-330