Iron & Manganese Control Brochure

Chlorine Dioxide IRON & MANGANESE CONTROL Iron & manganese are common problems associated with potable water treatment. Oxidation of iron & manganese with chlorine dioxide offers utilities a simple solution without compromising regulatory compliance. ? Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity ? Effective over a wide pH range ? 2.6 times the oxidizing capacity of chlorine ? Does not chlorinate or form halogenated DBPs ? Selective chemistry; no reaction with ammonia ? Easily implemented and fed to system ? Not temperature sensitive ? Residuals easily analyzed ? Bacteria, protozoa & virus inactivation ? Cost effective alternative Chlorine dioxide offers a realistic solution to intermittent or year-round iron and manganese problems. Iron and manganese concerns affect more water systems than almost any other water quality issue and are the root cause of most customer complaints received by water treatment facilities. The U.S. EPA establishedsecondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL) for iron at 0.3 mg/L and for manganese at 0.05 mg/L. These guidelines correspond to approximate concentrations at which iron and manganese will not cause aesthetic problems such as colored water, turbidity, staining and bad taste that would impact public acceptance. EPA has also issued a manganese health advisory at the 0.05 mg/LSMCL, where potential chronic health concerns at or below this level are unlikely to occur. SMCL are monitored and regulated at the state level and are not federally enforceable. New regulations like the Stage One and Stage Two Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Rules, limiting trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)levels have severely curtailed the use of traditional chlorine treatment resulting in the need to reevaluate iron and manganese treatment strategies. Easy Solution Chlorine dioxide instantaneously reacts with soluble iron Fe(II) & manganese Mn(II) to form insoluble Fe(III) and Mn(III,IV) precipitates that are easily removed by filtration. The use of chlorine dioxide will help optimize overall treatment efficiencies, including improved coagulation, reduced turbidities, improved particulate removals, increased CT Values and lower THMs and HAAs. Versatile Disinfectant Chlorine dioxide’s use is not limited to just iron and manganese problems in potable water systems. This versatile disinfectant also can be used as a primary disinfectant in potable water, as it reduces or controls bacteria, viruses, cysts and algae while being effective over wide temperature and pH ranges. Using chlorine dioxide will help optimize overall treatment efficiencies, including improved coagulation, reducedturbidities, improved particulate removals, increased CT values and lower THMs and HAAs. Chlorine dioxide, when used as an oxidant for iron and manganese reduction in potable water treatment, is a powerful oxidant with CT values second only to ozone in biocidal efficacy, but without the high capital expenditures and the ozonation byproducts. In addition, chlorine dioxide does not have the solids loading problem andthe lengthy detention times associated with potassium permanganate. Using chlorine dioxide does not result in the formation of chlorinated or brominated disinfection byproducts like THMs or HAAs. A reduction byproduct of chlorine dioxide is chlorite ion, which is regulated under the Stage One and the Stage Two Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Rules at 1.0 mg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL). At typical dosage rates, chlorine dioxide can be used successfully to help control iron and manganese problems without exceeding the MCL. Chlorine Dioxide IRON & MANGANESE CONTROL Stoichiometric Reactions Chlorine dioxide’s stoichiometric oxidation reactions with iron and manganese are: ? 1.2 mg/l ClO2 to 1.0 mg/l Iron ? 2.5 mg/l ClO2 to 1.0 mg/l Manganese Low Capital / Easily Implemented Chlorine dioxide cannot be shipped in a drum and must be generated on-site. An International Dioxcide, Inc. (IDI), OXYCLHOR® on-site generator produces chlorine dioxide solution safely under vacuum and delivers the solution to the point of application. Chlorine dioxide is fed similarly to existing chlorine disinfection treatment systems often using the existing feed piping. The OXYCHLOR® generators use ADOX®sodium chlorite as the precursor solution to chlorine dioxide, which is available from IDI. There are numerous types of affordable generators available from IDI that can normally be installed in 1 - 2 days to meet your treatment needs. Additional Uses Chlorine dioxide’s broad spectrum capabilities enable it to be used in a variety of potable water applications: ? Taste and Odor Control ? Improved Disinfection Credits (C x T) ? Trihalomethane (THMs) and Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) Control ? Color Removal and Algae Control ? Cryptosporidium Inactivation ? Nitrification Control ? Zebra Mussel Control Approvals The use of chlorine dioxide is approved by U.S. EPA’s Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. The ADOX® sodium chlorite precursor solutions carry U.S. EPA registrations and are ANSI/NSF Standard 60 Drinking Water Additive certified. Information Available International Dioxcide, Inc., a DuPont Company, is a world-leading provider of chlorine dioxide products and related technology for disinfecting, sanitizing and odor control applications. IDI has specialized in chlorine dioxide technologies for over 60 years and is a leading supplier of chlorine dioxide technologies for a wide variety of markets. For additional information about International Dioxcide’s OXYCHLOR®chlorine dioxide generator systems and ADOX® sodium chlorite precursor solutions, please contact IDI’s sales office. Oxidation of ferrous iron by Chlorine Dioxide, pH 5.5 @ 2oC Percent of Stoichiometric Reaction Time in Seconds Residual Iron mg/L 125% 0 1.98 125% 5 0.13 125% 10 0.12 250% 0 1.63 250% 2 – 3 0.16 250% 10 0.11 Sales Office: International Dioxcide, Inc. A DuPont Company 40 Whitecap Drive North Kingstown, RI 02852 Phone: 401.295.8800 Toll Free: 800.477.6071 Fax: 401.295.7108 Website: www.idiclo2.com In no event shall IDI be liable to the buyer or to any third party for any indirect, incidental, special, consequential, punitive or exemplary damages (including without limitation lost profits, lost savings, or loss of business opportunity) arising out of or relating to any product or service provided or to be provided by IDI, even if IDI has been advised of the possibility of such damages. INTERNATIONAL DIOXCIDE ("IDI") MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO THESE PRODUCTS, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES FOR MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IDI'S SOLE OBLIGATION AND LIABILITY FOR PRODUCT DEFECTS SHALL BE, AT IDI'S OPTION, TO REPLACE SUCH DEFECTIVE PRODUCT OR REFUND TO BUYER THE AMOUNT PAID BY BUYER THEREFOR. IN NO EVENT SHALL IDI'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE BUYER'S PURCHASE PRICE. The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™, The miracles of science™, Oxychlo® and Adox® are trademarks or registered trademarks of DuPont or its affiliates. @2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. All rights reserved. K-16656 (05/07)