Kipp & Zonen DustIQ - Soiling Monitoring System, Mounting Clips, Panel Temperature Sensor - Brochcure

The final yield of AC power generated is eaily measured with high accuracy at the grid connection. The reference yield is the theoretical power produced by irradiance on the PV panels; the solar energy received by the panels multiplied by the efficiency of the conversion to electrical energy. 100% is rarely achievable (even when the plant is new) due to installa - tion, operational and environmental variables; typical performance ratio’s (PR’s) are in the 75% to 90% range. An important factor in the PR is the amount of electrical energy produc - tion lost because of deposits on the surface of the PV panels that reduce the transmission of light through to the solar cells. This can be due to dust, sand, pollen, soot, ash, sea salt, or even bird droppings; generically called ‘soiling.