LinearChain Brochure

D5-201e2/09.051Table of contentsTechnical description.............................................................................................. page 3Operating instructions............................................................................................ page 9LinearChain with 25mm pitch LinearChain 25 PS................................................................................................. page 14LinearChain 25 PSG.............................................................................................. page 16LinearChain with 40mm pitchLinearChain 40 PS.................................................................................................page 20LinearChain 40 PSG.............................................................................................. page 22LinearChain 40 PSR.............................................................................................. page 24LinearChain with 60mm pitchLinearChain 60 PS.................................................................................................page 28LinearChain 60 PSG.............................................................................................. page 30LinearChain 60 PSR.............................................................................................. page 32LinearChain 60 PD.................................................................................................page 34LinearChain 60 PDG..............................................................................................page 36Drive HousingsDrive housing general .........................................................................................page 40Drive housing for LinearChain 25 ......................................................................... page 41Drive housing for LinearChain 40.......................................................................... page 43Drive housing for LinearChain 60.......................................................................... page 44LinearChain magazines......................................................................................... page 48LinearChain covers................................................................................................ page 49Technical questionnaire......................................................................................... page 51Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainTechnical descriptionD5-D5-203e2/09.052 3Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChain4 5Technical Description1. Introduction®Framo LinearChains are made from precision manufactured chain links of a special design which enables the chain to push as well as pull heavy loads.The chain links have a special profile with interlocking fingers at one end enabling the chain to roll or fold-up in one direction only. When unfolded, the fingers latch together to form a rigid thrust device. The close tolerance manufacture of the chain links and other components means that both push and pull linear motion with low backlash and high repeatability is achieved. When retracted the Push-Pull Chain folds up to occupy minimum space in relation to the required stroke. This feature is especially of benefit where long stroke push-pull movement is required; stroke lengths of 5 metres or more are not uncommon.®The Framo LinearChain is an alternative to standard solutions using rack and pinion, screw-jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders or hoist mechanisms and can often present a unique solution where space is severely limited.The Push-Pull Chain can be selected for thrust loads from a few kilogrammes to several tonnes - even where longer strokes are required. A Push-Pull Chain drive system can be configured with standard Chain Guide Rails where there is a danger of bending movement occuring. It is also possible to configure systems using several chains in a parallel drive geometry where higher thrust loads are required.2. LinearChain drive systemsThe chain drive system comprises a special housing with internal chain guides, spocket drive wheel and a keywayed drive shaft. This can be connected to a standard gear motor. Alternatively a Framo Compacta slip-on Rotary Actuator - a gear motor with integral multi-turn limit switches and optional reversing contactors or potentiometer can often be used. (Refer to separate catalogue). To prevent the Push-Chain from folding during the linear thrust motion a special front end link is provided. This ensures that the force-line is off-centre to the chain pins creating a bending moment which forces the chain fingers to lock tightly. The Push Chain can be used for reciprocating push and pull movement, horizontally or vertically. Where possible chain guide rails should be used to support and guide the chain.The Guide Rail is unecessary when:• The Push-Chain runs across a flat surface (eg. steel plate)• The linear travel (stroke) is less than 4 m• There is no danger of radial loads occurring along the thrust axis3. Chain types and performance criteriaThe selection of the correct chain size and type will depend on the application, the required performance and operating criteria.The following information is required:• Thrust force• Working stroke • Linear speed • Operating frequency • Temperature Framo Push-Chains are manufactured with a standard pitch of 25 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm (pitch is the distance between the pivot pins).4. Materials of Construction®Framo LinearChains are manufactured from treated alloy steels. The chain can withstand temperatures of up to 180°C - for short periods even higher temperatures.For cases where temperatures of up to 600°C can occur the Push-Chain can be supplied in heat-resistant steels.5. Typical Applications®Framo LinearChains have successfully been used in the following sectors:Industrial furnaces, cold sheet metal working, casting shops, rolling mills, machine tools, automotive manufacturing, warehousing, internal works transport systems, chemical industry, nuclear industry.6. Example of applicationBattery furnace.®The Framo LinearChain is used to move a platform in and out of a furnace for heat treatment of the product. The chosen LinearChain geometry was as shown in diagram '5' below. The rear end of the chain is fixed to the drive housing and folds above the drive assembly without further support. A simple cover was fabricated to guard the chain.7. Saftey regulations and permissable use®Framo LinearChains should not be used for applications involving the movement of loads which can endanger working personnel through the operation or system failure. Use of the Push-Pull Chain for personnel transport system is not permissable without prior written approval.We would refer users to the relevant regulations and recommended practices regarding the provision of guard rails or covers to all moving parts of machines. Furthermore overhead hoist mechanisms for heavy loads using the Push-Pull Chain are not approved.8. Examples of LinearChain storage geometry9. Design calculations40Type 4025Type 25Pitch of the chain [mm] 60Type 60Stroke per drive shaft revolution [mm] 240200 360Drive speed n [rpm] at givenlinear speed v [mm/s] n =v x 608 x p n =v x 606 x pn =v x 606 x pRequired torque M [Nm] at the drive shaft for thrust force F [N]M = tF x d2 x x 1000( = ca. 0,8 without storage)( = ca. 0,65 with storage)Pitch 25mm di =Pitch 40mm di =Pitch 60mm di = 65,3 mm 80 mm 120 mmP= M x nt9550Required Power P [KW] at the drive shaft for Torque M [Nm]t1 2 3 4 5 69 1012 13Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-204e3/02.09D5-205e5/03.124 5Technical Description1. Introduction®Framo LinearChains are made from precision manufactured chain links of a special design which enables the chain to push as well as pull heavy loads.The chain links have a special profile with interlocking fingers at one end enabling the chain to roll or fold-up in one direction only. When unfolded, the fingers latch together to form a rigid thrust device. The close tolerance manufacture of the chain links and other components means that both push and pull linear motion with low backlash and high repeatability is achieved. When retracted the Push-Pull Chain folds up to occupy minimum space in relation to the required stroke. This feature is especially of benefit where long stroke push-pull movement is required; stroke lengths of 5 metres or more are not uncommon.®The Framo LinearChain is an alternative to standard solutions using rack and pinion, screw-jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders or hoist mechanisms and can often present a unique solution where space is severely limited.The Push-Pull Chain can be selected for thrust loads from a few kilogrammes to several tonnes - even where longer strokes are required. A Push-Pull Chain drive system can be configured with standard Chain Guide Rails where there is a danger of bending movement occuring. It is also possible to configure systems using several chains in a parallel drive geometry where higher thrust loads are required.2. LinearChain drive systemsThe chain drive system comprises a special housing with internal chain guides, spocket drive wheel and a keywayed drive shaft. This can be connected to a standard gear motor. Alternatively a Framo Compacta slip-on Rotary Actuator - a gear motor with integral multi-turn limit switches and optional reversing contactors or potentiometer can often be used. (Refer to separate catalogue). To prevent the Push-Chain from folding during the linear thrust motion a special front end link is provided. This ensures that the force-line is off-centre to the chain pins creating a bending moment which forces the chain fingers to lock tightly. The Push Chain can be used for reciprocating push and pull movement, horizontally or vertically. Where possible chain guide rails should be used to support and guide the chain.The Guide Rail is unecessary when:• The Push-Chain runs across a flat surface (eg. steel plate)• The linear travel (stroke) is less than 4 m• There is no danger of radial loads occurring along the thrust axis3. Chain types and performance criteriaThe selection of the correct chain size and type will depend on the application, the required performance and operating criteria.The following information is required:• Thrust force• Working stroke • Linear speed • Operating frequency • Temperature Framo Push-Chains are manufactured with a standard pitch of 25 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm (pitch is the distance between the pivot pins).4. Materials of Construction®Framo LinearChains are manufactured from treated alloy steels. The chain can withstand temperatures of up to 180°C - for short periods even higher temperatures.For cases where temperatures of up to 600°C can occur the Push-Chain can be supplied in heat-resistant steels.5. Typical Applications®Framo LinearChains have successfully been used in the following sectors:Industrial furnaces, cold sheet metal working, casting shops, rolling mills, machine tools, automotive manufacturing, warehousing, internal works transport systems, chemical industry, nuclear industry.6. Example of applicationBattery furnace.®The Framo LinearChain is used to move a platform in and out of a furnace for heat treatment of the product. The chosen LinearChain geometry was as shown in diagram '5' below. The rear end of the chain is fixed to the drive housing and folds above the drive assembly without further support. A simple cover was fabricated to guard the chain.7. Saftey regulations and permissable use®Framo LinearChains should not be used for applications involving the movement of loads which can endanger working personnel through the operation or system failure. Use of the Push-Pull Chain for personnel transport system is not permissable without prior written approval.We would refer users to the relevant regulations and recommended practices regarding the provision of guard rails or covers to all moving parts of machines. Furthermore overhead hoist mechanisms for heavy loads using the Push-Pull Chain are not approved.8. Examples of LinearChain storage geometry9. Design calculations40Type 4025Type 25Pitch of the chain [mm] 60Type 60Stroke per drive shaft revolution [mm] 240200 360Drive speed n [rpm] at givenlinear speed v [mm/s] n =v x 608 x p n =v x 606 x pn =v x 606 x pRequired torque M [Nm] at the drive shaft for thrust force F [N]M = tF x d2 x x 1000h( = ca. 0,8 without storage)( = ca. 0,65 with storage)Pitch 25mm di =Pitch 40mm di =Pitch 60mm di = 65,3 mm 80 mm 120 mmP= M x nt9550Required Power P [KW] at the drive shaft for Torque M [Nm]thh1 2 3 4 5 69 1012 13Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-206e3/02.09D5-207e3/03.086 710. Loading characteristicsThe two load point holes in the front end-link are provided to ensure that a thrust force reaction exerts a radial turning movement about the chain pins.As a consequence the chain finger is under compression, the chain is rigid and cannot fold.For this reason it is not permissable to fix the load point to only one of the holes.11. Horizontal Thrust Force in relation to strokeLinearChain without guide rail, load point guidedLinearChain without guide rail, load point guidedCompression ZoneFront link0,5 m 1 m 1,5 m 2 m 2,5 m 3 m 3,5 m 4 m500010000150002000025000300003500060 PSR60 PS / PSG60 PD / PDGN12. Calculation of chain lengt and number of chain linkshCalculation of chains without special end linkDrive housing 90°Drive housing 90° Drive housing 90° with180°-returnDrive housing 180°Calculation of chains with special end linkMM MMCC CCtotal lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)C = usable strokeM = basic position (depends on cust. requirements)P = pitch of chain{Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (6xP)Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (10xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (9xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (11xP) Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (14xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (13xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (16xP)The diagrams refer to horizontal applications where the chain runs across a flat surface. For vertical applications please contact the manufacturer. In case of impact load or high stroke frequency (more than 15 strokes/h) we suggest the next higher size (pitch). Stronger versions are available on request0,5 m 1 m 1,5 m 2 m 2,5 m 3 m 3,5 m 4 m2000400060008000100001200025 PS / PSG40 PS / PSG40 PSRNSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-206e3/02.09D5-207e3/03.086 710. Loading characteristicsThe two load point holes in the front end-link are provided to ensure that a thrust force reaction exerts a radial turning movement about the chain pins.As a consequence the chain finger is under compression, the chain is rigid and cannot fold.For this reason it is not permissable to fix the load point to only one of the holes.11. Horizontal Thrust Force in relation to strokeLinearChain without guide rail, load point guidedLinearChain without guide rail, load point guidedCompression ZoneFront link0,5 m 1 m 1,5 m 2 m 2,5 m 3 m 3,5 m 4 m500010000150002000025000300003500060 PSR60 PS / PSG60 PD / PDGN12. Calculation of chain lengt and number of chain linkshCalculation of chains without special end linkDrive housing 90°Drive housing 90° Drive housing 90° with180°-returnDrive housing 180°Calculation of chains with special end linkMM MMCC CCtotal lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)C = usable strokeM = basic position (depends on cust. requirements)P = pitch of chain{Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (5xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (6xP)Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (10xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (9xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (11xP) Teilung 25: Teilung 40: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (14xP)Teilung 60: total lenght of chain L = C + M + (13xP)total lenght of chain L = C + M + (16xP)The diagrams refer to horizontal applications where the chain runs across a flat surface. For vertical applications please contact the manufacturer. In case of impact load or high stroke frequency (more than 15 strokes/h) we suggest the next higher size (pitch). Stronger versions are available on request0,5 m 1 m 1,5 m 2 m 2,5 m 3 m 3,5 m 4 m2000400060008000100001200025 PS / PSG40 PS / PSG40 PSRNSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-209e2/09.056 9D5-106e2/09.05Operating instructionsSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-211e4/05.1010 11D5-210e2/09.053. Installation MisalignmentThe drive housing has to be installed in accordance with the adjustment tolerances given below to achieve a maximum thrust and a minimum rate of wear.The center line of the LinearChain middle roller to the reaction guide plates has to be especially noted.Angular misalignmentReaction guide plateReaction plate - sliding surface4. Lubrication and maintenanceAs a consequence of the high grade of materials used and the robust construction of the LinearChain, the only maintenance required is a regular lubrication of the surfaces. The lubrication intervals will depend upon the working criteria and especially the operating frequency and working temperature.It is recommended that all moving parts be inspected regularly for signs of wear.Lubricating oil can be applied evenly across the whole length of the chain using a brush. Standard synthetic lubricating oils such as Mobilith SHC PM from Mobil or similar can be used in most applications. For high duty-rating applications we would recommend using automatic brush lubricators. A standard Teflon spray is suitable too.Vertical misalignmentmax. 0,5 mm deeper Horizontal misalignmentmax. +/- 0,5 mmKettenteilung Typ 25 Typ 40 Typ 60H1 9 18 24H2 0 2 3H3 40,5 49,2 75,2H4 24,8 30,8 44,7H5 32,7 40 60Operating instructions1.0 Safety informationBefore mounting and starting operation read all documents carefully and follow the instructions. Consider the weight of the chain while you unpack it and set it up. Protect yourself with safety shoes in case the chain falls down or slips off.The delivered chain may be inserted into the drive housing. In this case the chain is secured against unrolling by wire or cable connector. Attention: The chain may unroll by it's own weight during installation. To avoid this the drive shaft has to be fixed before you remove the safety device (wire, cable connector).Use caution while handling the unloaded chain. In unloaded condition the chain can buckle and may cause bruises. Wear safety gloves to protect yourself.Mounting and installation has to be done by qualified personnel only.Meet the specified location deviation (see next page).A structural compensation of the tolerances is required if using two parallel chains in a rigid system.It is the customers responsibility to protect moving parts from unintentional touch. There is danger of injuries.In very unclean areas we recommend to use a cover to avoid a blocking of the chain. In case of doubt check with the manufacturer.Don't change the drive. Changes or modifications may cause danger and the manufacturer doesn't accept any liability for changed or modified drives.Don't block the drive while operating. This may damage the drive seriously.For the electrical or hydraulic installation and operation we refer to the concerning paragraphs in the operating instructions of the motor.Don't overload the drive. The values for stroke forces are stated in the technical description and can't be exceeded. Otherwise the drive may be damaged seriously.With appearance of wear like a strong bending of the chain or backlash we recommend to change the chain before the breakdown is reached.2. Saftey regulations and permissable useFramo Push-Pull Chains should not be used for applications involving the movement of loads which can endanger working personnel through the operation or system failure. Use of the Push-Pull Chain for personnel transport system is not permissable without prior written approval.We would refer users to the relevant regulations and recommended practices regarding the provision of guard rails or covers to all moving parts of machines. Furthermore overhead hoist mechanisms for heavy loads using the Push-Pull Chain are not approved.Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChainD5-211e4/05.1010 11D5-210e2/09.053. Installation MisalignmentThe drive housing has to be installed in accordance with the adjustment tolerances given below to achieve a maximum thrust and a minimum rate of wear.The center line of the LinearChain middle roller to the reaction guide plates has to be especially noted.Angular misalignmentReaction guide plateReaction plate - sliding surface4. Lubrication and maintenanceAs a consequence of the high grade of materials used and the robust construction of the LinearChain, the only maintenance required is a regular lubrication of the surfaces. The lubrication intervals will depend upon the working criteria and especially the operating frequency and working temperature.It is recommended that all moving parts be inspected regularly for signs of wear.Lubricating oil can be applied evenly across the whole length of the chain using a brush. Standard synthetic lubricating oils such as Mobilith SHC PM from Mobil or similar can be used in most applications. For high duty-rating applications we would recommend using automatic brush lubricators. A standard Teflon spray is suitable too.Vertical misalignmentmax. 0,5 mm deeper Horizontal misalignmentmax. +/- 0,5 mmKettenteilung Typ 25 Typ 40 Typ 60H1 9 18 24H2 0 2 3H3 40,5 49,2 75,2H4 24,8 30,8 44,7H5 32,7 40 60Operating instructions1.0 Safety informationBefore mounting and starting operation read all documents carefully and follow the instructions. Consider the weight of the chain while you unpack it and set it up. Protect yourself with safety shoes in case the chain falls down or slips off.The delivered chain may be inserted into the drive housing. In this case the chain is secured against unrolling by wire or cable connector. Attention: The chain may unroll by it's own weight during installation. To avoid this the drive shaft has to be fixed before you remove the safety device (wire, cable connector).Use caution while handling the unloaded chain. In unloaded condition the chain can buckle and may cause bruises. Wear safety gloves to protect yourself.Mounting and installation has to be done by qualified personnel only.Meet the specified location deviation (see next page).A structural compensation of the tolerances is required if using two parallel chains in a rigid system.It is the customers responsibility to protect moving parts from unintentional touch. There is danger of injuries.In very unclean areas we recommend to use a cover to avoid a blocking of the chain. In case of doubt check with the manufacturer.Don't change the drive. Changes or modifications may cause danger and the manufacturer doesn't accept any liability for changed or modified drives.Don't block the drive while operating. This may damage the drive seriously.For the electrical or hydraulic installation and operation we refer to the concerning paragraphs in the operating instructions of the motor.Don't overload the drive. The values for stroke forces are stated in the technical description and can't be exceeded. Otherwise the drive may be damaged seriously.With appearance of wear like a strong bending of the chain or backlash we recommend to change the chain before the breakdown is reached.2. Saftey regulations and permissable useFramo Push-Pull Chains should not be used for applications involving the movement of loads which can endanger working personnel through the operation or system failure. Use of the Push-Pull Chain for personnel transport system is not permissable without prior written approval.We would refer users to the relevant regulations and recommended practices regarding the provision of guard rails or covers to all moving parts of machines. Furthermore overhead hoist mechanisms for heavy loads using the Push-Pull Chain are not approved.Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChain12D5-212e2/09.055.0 End of life timereaching the end of life timePlease pay attention to the appropriate disposal regulations and laws if you want to dispose the drive.Push chains signal their end of life time by an obvious misalignment of the chain links from the ideal line. You may send the drive to the manufacturer for overhauling by Subject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comSubject to technical changesFramo Morat GmbH & Co. KG Tel.: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-0 www.framo-morat.comHöchst 7 • D-79871 Eisenbach Fax: +49 (0) 7657 / 88-333 info@framo-morat.comLinearChainLinearChain