National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR)
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Manual Sorting Tips
National
Association
for
PET
Container
Resources
(NAPCOR)
PO
Box
1327,
Sonoma,
CA
95476
tel:
707--996--4207
fax:
707--935--1998
www.napcor.com
MANUAL
SORTING
TIPS
FOR
PET
THERMOFORMS
Background:
In
2008,
NAPCOR
took
on
the
challenge
of
overcoming
the
hurdles
preventing
the
widespread
recycling
of
PET
thermoformed
packaging
(see
Case
Study,
http://www.napcor.com/PET/thermoforms.html).
The
central
obstacle,
both
at
that
time
and
currently,
is
the
potential
contamination
from
clear
packaging
that
looks
like
PET,
but
is
made
from
other,
non--compatible
resins,
namely:
Polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
Resin
ID
Code
3
Oriented
polypropylene
(OPP)
Resin
ID
Code
5
Oriented
polystyrene
(OPS)
Resin
ID
Code
6
High--impact
polystyrene
(HIPS)
Resin
ID
Code
6
General--purpose
polystyrene
(GPS)
Resin
ID
Code
6
Polylactic
acid
(PLA)
Resin
ID
Code
7
Acrylonitrile
Resin
ID
Code
7
Polyethylene
terephthalate
glycol--modified
(PETG)
Resin
ID
Code
7
In
summary,
if
a
clear
thermoform
•
cracks,
shatters,
breaks
or
tears;
•
displays
white
crease
marks
when
folded
or
bent;
•
makes
a
shallow
tinkling
sound
when
crushed;
•
has
a
bluish
tint;
or
•
contained
prepared
meat
products,
chances
are
IT
ISN’T
PET
and
IT
DOESN’T
BELONG
IN
THE
BALE
And,
of
course,
the
time--tested
rule
applies:
“When
in
doubt,
throw
it
out.”
Manual
Sorting
Tips
for
PET
Thermoforms
Page
2
National
Association
for
PET
Container
Resources
(NAPCOR)
PO
Box
1327,
Sonoma,
CA
95476
tel:
707--996--4207
fax:
707--935--1998
www.napcor.com
This
variety
of
look--alike
packaging
presents
greater
complexity
than
manual
sorters
at
a
MRF
are
generally
capable
of
handling,
particularly
at
high
belt
speeds
and
burden
depths.
For
that
reason,
NAPCOR’s
original
position
was
that
thermoformed
packages
would
need
to
be
sorted
by
automatic
devices
(e.g.,
infrared
or
optical
sorters)
in
order
to
reduce
bale
contamination
to
levels
at
which
PET
reclaimers
could
successfully
reprocess
the
material
for
end
use.
However,
based
on
NAPCOR’s
work
with
the
recipients
of
the
PET
thermoform
recycling
grant,
and
the
increased
prevalence
of
PET
in
the
recycling
stream,
it
has
become
clear
than
manual
sorting
can
be
successful
if
sorters
are
properly
trained.
What
follows,
based
on
our
current
understanding
and
experience,
are
a
number
of
sorting
tips
and
general
rules
for
producing
PET
bales—either
dedicated
to
thermoforms
only,
or
of
mixed
bottles
and
thermoforms—that
are
acceptable
to
reclaimer
markets.
What
is
a
PET
Thermoform?
A
PET
thermoform
is
a
clear
plastic
package
other
than
a
bottle
or
jar,
including
clamshells,
cups,
tubs,
lids,
boxes,
trays,
egg
cartons
and
similar
rigid
packaging.
PET
carries
the
#1
PET
(or
#1
PETE)
resin
code
on
or
near
the
bottom
of
the
package.
Products
typically
packaged
in
PET
thermoforms
include
produce,
berries,
nuts,
candy,
muffins,
cookies,
and
cakes.
PET
thermoforms
are
also
used
for
deli
items,
foodservice
“to
go”
packaging,
and
non--food
items,
but
food
packaging
is
the
most
prevalent.
PET
packaging
does
not
break
or
tear
easily,
nor
does
it
typically
show
white
crease
marks
when
bent
or
folded
(see
“tips”
box
above).
General
Observations:
As
with
any
manual
sorting,
reducing
belt
speeds
and
putting
less
material
on
the
belt
can
increase
the
accuracy
of
material
identification.
Manual
sorting
of
PET
thermoforms
can
also
be
done
as
a
“second
sort”
once
other
commonly
marketed
materials
have
been
sorted
out
of
the
stream.
Because
the
thermoformed
category
is
more
generic,
it
presents
a
challenge
compared
to
most
other
packaging.
Clear
cups,
for
example,
the
largest
sub--category
of
thermoforms,
can
be
the
same
shape
and
size
and
yet
be
made
from
any
of
five
resins—PET,
OPS,
GPS,
PLA
or
OPP.
By
utilizing
consistent
staff
on
the
PET
thermoform
sort
line;
providing
hands
on
training;
and
running
occasional
audits
of
material
being
pulled
(to
check
and
review
with
staff
any
non--PET
“look
alikes”
getting
into
the
stream),
PET
thermoforms
are
being
sorted
manually
and
are
successfully
meeting
domestic
buyers’
specifications.
The
list
below
provides
additional
qualities
to
look
for
when
sorting
PET
from
non--PET
thermoforms.
The
main
PET
look--alikes
that
you
want
to
keep
out
of
your
bales
are
indentified
as
follows:
Resin
Code
3
(polyvinyl
chloride)
The
two
telltale
signs
to
look
for
are
crease
marks
and
a
bluish
tint.
Unfortunately,
some
PVC
doesn’t
crease
because
it
has
less
plasticizer.
Most
of
the
larger,
sonically
welded,
thick--walled
Manual
Sorting
Tips
for
PET
Thermoforms
Page
3
National
Association
for
PET
Container
Resources
(NAPCOR)
PO
Box
1327,
Sonoma,
CA
95476
tel:
707--996--4207
fax:
707--935--1998
www.napcor.com
and
theft--proof
packages
are
PVC.
Most
will
also
have
a
slight
blue
tint.
Resin
Code
5
(oriented
polypropylene)
Current
processes
can
effectively
separate
OPP
from
PET,
so
it
is
not
considered
a
contaminant.
It’s
still
preferable
to
sort
it
out
though,
because
its
presence
in
a
PET
bale
contributes
to
overall
yield
loss.
Resin
Code
6
(polystyrene)
None
of
the
three
types
you
will
encounter
is
compatible
with
PET.
General--purpose
or
crystal
polystyrene
(GPS):
Used
in
the
manufacture
of
cups,
mostly
clear
cocktail
glasses.
These
are
brittle
and
crack
or
shatter
easily;
by
the
time
they
get
to
the
sort
station,
few
will
be
whole.
High--impact
polystyrene
(HIPS):
Used
mostly
in
cups
of
all
sizes,
including
the
ubiquitous
red
Solo
cup.
Most
are
easily
identified
because
the
material
is
cloudy,
not
clear.
It
will
also
crack
or
spiderweb
easily,
but
it
won’t
shatter.
Oriented
polystyrene
(OPS):
Found
mostly
in
bakery
applications
and
some
clamshells.
The
material
is
clear;
it
doesn’t
shatter
like
GPS,
but
cracks
easily
and
makes
a
crinkling
sound
when
squeezed.
Resin
Code
7
(PLA,
acrylonitrile,
multilayer
nylon
and
PETG)
Polylactic
acid
(PLA):
The
resin
code
is
the
only
simple
way
to
tell
PLA
from
PET.
They
look
alike
and
sound
the
same
when
crushed,
and
both
are
clear
and
durable.
Advertising
on
the
label
will
sometimes
identify
the
material
as
PLA.
Acrylonitrile:
Used
only
in
applications,
such
as
cooked
meats,
that
have
high
oxygen
barrier
requirements.
It
is
very
easily
identified,
as
it
will
display
distinctive
white
marks
when
creased
or
folded.
This
is
the
most
problematic
of
all
contaminants
in
PET
recycling
and
should
be
avoided
completely.
Multilayer
nylon:
Generally
proprietary
packaging,
and
like
acrylonitrile,
used
mostly
in
applications
requiring
high
barrier
properties
(but
usually
cold--cut
meats,
in
this
case).
Unlike
acrylonitrile,
these
packages
do
not
leave
white
marks
when
creased.
Manual
Sorting
Tips
for
PET
Thermoforms
Page
4
National
Association
for
PET
Container
Resources
(NAPCOR)
PO
Box
1327,
Sonoma,
CA
95476
tel:
707--996--4207
fax:
707--935--1998
www.napcor.com
Polyethylene
terephthalate
glycol--modified
(PETG):
Though
it’s
a
“cousin”
of
PET,
PETG
is
not
compatible
with
PET
within
the
recycling
process.
It
is
used
mostly
in
medical
supply
packaging,
and
sometimes
in
produce
applications.
It
is
very
durable
and
usually
has
a
bluish
tint.
A
note
on
colored
PET:
Markets
for
mixed--color
PET
thermoforms
are
still
being
developed.
There
are
several
factors
inhibiting
progress,
but
lack
of
critical
mass
is
the
primary
barrier.
Until
dedicated
mixed--color
bales
become
feasible
by
capturing
material
from
institutional
and
commercial
programs
as
well
as
residential
ones,
the
collection
of
mixed--color
thermoforms
is
not
recommended.
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