Nomex T

D909.131.00/02 en 2012-07 Ext/SaUser ManualNOMEXNOMEX Multimeter T11049 Firmware Version 1.1 or higherNOMEX Software S030008 Version 1.1 or higherContentsOperating ManualTechnical ManualService ManualNOMEXGeneral Information2 D909.131.00/02 enGeneral Information– The product bears the CE-mark "CE-0124"in accordance with the Council Directive93/42/EEC about Medical Devices and fulfillsthe essential requirements of Annex I of thisdirective. The product is a class IIb device(MDD).– Product standardThe product fully complies with the require-ments of the following standards:– IEC 61674– Electrical safetyThe product fully complies with the require-ments of the following standards:– IEC 61010-1– Electromagnetic immunityThe product fully complies with the require-ments of the following standards:– IEC 61326-1– CISPR11/EN 55011 class B– The user manual is an integral part of the prod-uct. It should always be kept near the product.Observance of the manual is a prerequisite forproper product performance and correct oper-ation.– Operator safety, specified measuring accu-racy, and interference-free operation canonly be guaranteed if original products andparts are used. Furthermore, only the acces-sories listed in this manual are approved byPTW-Freiburg and only they or other acces-sories whose use has been expressly permit-ted by PTW-Freiburg may be used in con-junction with the product. Safe operation andproper product performance are not guaran-teed if accessories or consumables from othermanufacturers are used.– PTW-Freiburg cannot be held liable for dam-age resulting from the use of accessoriesor consumables from other manufacturers orwhen the user ignores the instructions andinformation given in this manual.– The warranty period is 1 (one) year and beginson the day of delivery. It is unaffected byrepairs covered by the warranty regulations.– PTW-Freiburg only considers itself responsi-ble for the safety, reliability, and performanceof the product if the assembly, extension, read-justment, modification, or repair is carried outby PTW-Freiburg or by persons authorized byPTW-Freiburg, and if the product is used incompliance with the technical documentation.– In case of any questions concerning the ser-vice, support, or warranty, please contact yoursupplier.– This manual is in conformity with the prod-uct specifications, all applicable safety stan-dards, and with the NOMEX software (versionas indicated on the front page) that are validas at the printing date. All rights are reservedfor devices, circuits, techniques, software, andnames as referred to in the manual.– PTW-Freiburg reserves the right of modifica-tions.Please contact PTW or your local representa-tive for the most current information.– No part of the technical documentation maybe reproduced without written permission fromPTW-Freiburg.– PTW-Freiburg is a registered manufactureraccording to the ElektroG (Elektro- und Elek-tronikgeräte-Gesetz).Elektro-Altgeräte-Register (EAR), Registrationnumber DE15599992NOMEXGeneral InformationD909.131.00/02 en 3– PTW-Freiburg works in strict accordance witha quality management system that is contin-uously updated according to the national andinternational standards.PTW-FREIBURGPhysikalisch-Technische WerkstättenDr. Pychlau GmbHLörracher Str. 779115 FREIBURGGermanyTel.: +49 761 49055-0Fax: +49 761 49055-70info@ptw.dewww.ptw.deNOMEXTable of Contents4 D909.131.00/02 enTable of ContentsGeneral Information........................................................................................................2Table of Contents........................................................................................................... 4List of Figures.................................................................................................................7Intended Use................................................................................................................... 8Safety Information.......................................................................................................... 9Operating Manual...........................................................171 Equipment Description............................................................................................. 171.1 Features................................................................................................................................................171.2 Indicators and Interfaces of the NOMEX Multimeter........................................................................... 181.3 Status LED on the NOMEX Multimeter............................................................................................... 192 Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software.......................................... 202.1 Minimum Hardware Requirements.......................................................................................................202.2 Installation.............................................................................................................................................212.3 Repairing and Uninstalling................................................................................................................... 222.4 Data Backup and Restoring a Backup................................................................................................ 232.5 Storage of Data....................................................................................................................................232.6 Starting................................................................................................................................................. 242.7 Exiting................................................................................................................................................... 243 Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service.......................................................... 253.1 Connecting the NOMEX Multimeter.....................................................................................................253.2 Positioning the NOMEX Multimeter..................................................................................................... 264 Quick Start (Workflow)............................................................................................. 295 Main Screen............................................................................................................... 305.1 NOMEX Software Measuring Window................................................................................................. 325.2 Icons..................................................................................................................................................... 345.3 Context Menu....................................................................................................................................... 375.4 Changing the Presentation of Measurement Data...............................................................................376 NOMEX Multimeter Setup.........................................................................................406.1 General Information..............................................................................................................................406.2 Detector Menu......................................................................................................................................426.3 Measurement Setup............................................................................................................................. 446.4 Display and Audio Setup..................................................................................................................... 52NOMEXTable of ContentsD909.131.00/02 en 57 Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter...........................................................537.1 Preparing Measurements..................................................................................................................... 537.2 Verifying the Settings Before a Measurement..................................................................................... 547.3 Performing the Measurement...............................................................................................................557.4 Determining the Measured Values.......................................................................................................597.5 Saving Measurement Data...................................................................................................................607.6 Loading Stored Measurement Data..................................................................................................... 617.7 Deleting Measurement Data................................................................................................................ 628 Exporting and Copying Measurement Data........................................................... 638.1 Exporting Measurement Data.............................................................................................................. 638.2 Copying Measurement Data................................................................................................................ 649 Printing Measurement Data......................................................................................6610 NOMEX Software Options...................................................................................... 6710.1 Selecting the Displayed Values..........................................................................................................6710.2 Demo Mode........................................................................................................................................6810.3 Waveform Storage Options................................................................................................................ 6810.4 Measuring Table Options................................................................................................................... 6911 Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements...................................................7011.1 Error Messages.................................................................................................................................. 7011.2 Erroneous Measurements.................................................................................................................. 7512 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................7713 NOMEX Multimeter Accessories............................................................................7813.1 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016................................................................................................... 7813.2 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017..................................................................................80Technical Manual........................................................... 8314 Technical Specifications.........................................................................................8314.1 NOMEX Multimeter.............................................................................................................................8314.2 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016................................................................................................... 8614.3 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017..................................................................................8714.4 Nominal Useful Range and Ambient Conditions................................................................................8715 Accessories and Spare Parts................................................................................ 88NOMEXTable of Contents6 D909.131.00/02 enService Manual...............................................................8916 Cleaning....................................................................................................................8917 Preventive Maintenance......................................................................................... 9018 Repairing Legally Calibrated Dosemeters............................................................ 9119 Disposal of the Product......................................................................................... 92Literature........................................................................................................................93Appendix: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance??:?????????????...................................................................................................................... 94Index...............................................................................................................................96NOMEXList of FiguresD909.131.00/02 en 7List of FiguresFigure 1: Definition of the patient environment...............................................................................................14Figure 2: NOMEX multimeter, top view.......................................................................................................... 18Figure 3: NOMEX multimeter, bottom view.................................................................................................... 18Figure 4: NOMEX multimeter, measurement area..........................................................................................19Figure 5: Customer Information window......................................................................................................... 21Figure 6: Setup Type window......................................................................................................................... 22Figure 7: Program Maintenance window........................................................................................................ 22Figure 8: Measurement area for RAD/FLU/DENT and MAM applications..................................................... 26Figure 9: Measurement area for CT and DENT-PAN applications.................................................................27Figure 10: NOMEX software main screen with measuring table......................................................................30Figure 11: NOMEX software main screen with waveform................................................................................31Figure 12: NOMEX multimeter measuring window in the NOMEX software....................................................32Figure 13: Setup menu......................................................................................................................................40Figure 14: Example showing the sampling time dropdown list........................................................................ 41Figure 15: Multimeter - Application menu.........................................................................................................42Figure 16: Measurement menu......................................................................................................................... 44Figure 17: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the tube voltage, dose, and half value layerin sensitivity mode "Normal" or for measuring the dose in sensitivity mode "Heavily Filtered"........48Figure 18: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the total filtration....................................... 50Figure 19: Display and Audio menu................................................................................................................. 52Figure 20: Status line with warning of reduced accuracy.................................................................................58Figure 21: Staus line with an error message when the measured values cannot be determined.................... 58Figure 22: Print dialog (e.g., for the print preview)...........................................................................................66Figure 23: Options dialog - Displayed values tab.............................................................................................67Figure 24: Options dialog - Demo mode tab.................................................................................................... 68Figure 25: Options dialog - Graphic tab........................................................................................................... 68Figure 26: Options dialog - Table tab............................................................................................................... 69Figure 27: Measuring window with an error message when the measured values cannot be determined.......70Figure 28: Dialog with error message and troubleshooting tip.........................................................................70Figure 29: Error message not requiring any confirmation................................................................................ 73Figure 30: Error message requiring confirmation............................................................................................. 73Figure 31: NOMEX multimeter holder T20016 with NOMEX multimeter..........................................................78Figure 32: NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter T20017 with NOMEX multimeter......................................... 80NOMEXIntended Use8 D909.131.00/02 enIntended UseThe NOMEX multimeter is a diagnostic dosime-try system according to IEC 61674 for absolutedosimetry and quality control measurements indiagnostic radiology. It can be used for accep-tance testing and constancy checks in radiogra-phy, fluoroscopy, dental X-ray, mammography,and computed tomography (CT) applications.The NOMEX multimeter set includes the NOMEXmultimeter, a miniaturized dosemeter consistingof the electronic system and the semiconductordetectors and the NOMEX software.The NOMEX multimeter measures the dose, doserate, dose per pulse, pulses, pulse frequency,exposure time, tube voltage, total filtration, andhalf value layer as well as kV and dose rate wave-forms.System ComponentsThe NOMEX multimeter set L981815 includesthese components:– NOMEX multimeter T11049– NOMEX software S030008– USB 2.0 cable with a length of 2 m L178089– USB 2.0 active extension cable with a lengthof 5 m L178088– NOMEX transport case L522056AccessoriesThe following accessories are available for theNOMEX multimeter:– NOMEX multimeter holder T20016Mechanical holder allowing the NOMEX multi-meter to be attached to a dental X-ray unit orto a tripod– NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter T20017Mechanical holder allowing the NOMEX multi-meter to be mounted in the cassette compart-ment of an X-ray unit.For more information about using the acces-sories, refer to section 13 "NOMEX MultimeterAccessories".NOMEXSafety Information D909.131.00/02 en 9Safety InformationThis is the safety alert symbol. It is usedto alert the user to potential hazards.Obey all safety messages that follow thissymbol to avoid any possible bodily injuryor equipment damage.All safety messages consist of the following com-ponents:– Safety alert symbol and signal word– Type of danger– Source of danger– Consequence– Measures to prevent hazards.Signal WordsDANGERIndicates an imminent hazard. If not avoided,the hazard will result in death or serious injury.WARNINGIndicates a hazard. If not avoided, the hazardcan result in death or serious injury.CAUTIONIndicates a potential hazard. If not avoided, thehazard could result in minor injury or product/property damage.NOTEProvides application tips or other useful infor-mation to ensure that you get the most fromyour equipment.Safety Information for the NOMEX SystemStrictly observe the following safety informa-tion concerning the signal words DANGER andWARNING. Failure to do so may endanger thelives of the patient, user, and other personsinvolved.DANGEROperation in areas where an explosion mayoccur or in oxygen-enriched atmospheres.Explosion HazardThe product is not suitable for operation inareas of risk where an explosion may occur.Explosion hazards may be caused, for exam-ple, by the use of combustible anesthetics,skin-cleansing agents, and disinfectants.Furthermore, the product is not suitablefor application in oxygen-enriched atmos-pheres. The atmosphere is considered to beoxygen-enriched when more than 25 % of oxy-gen or nitrous oxide is added to the ambient air.NOMEXSafety Information 10 D909.131.00/02 enWARNINGImproper handling.Hazards to PersonsThe product is a medical device and mustonly be handled by persons who are trainedin the use of such equipment and are capableof applying it properly. The operator must betrained in the use and operation of the product.WARNINGElectricity is a source of risk, particularly whenthe product is not in perfect operating conditionor when it is operated inappropriately.Shock Hazard– Before using the product, the user must firstascertain that it is in correct working orderand operating condition.– Before putting the product into operation,visually inspect all connection cables, con-nectors, housing, and covers for signs ofdamage. Damaged cables and connectorsmust be replaced immediately.WARNINGElectricity is a source of risk, particularly whenthe product is not in perfect operating conditionor when it is operated inappropriately.Shock Hazard– Products on which moisture condensationhas developed as a result of temperaturechanges must not be switched on unlesscompletely dry.– Liquids must not enter the product. If liquidshave entered the product, you have to dry itor wait for it to dry completely, and it mustbe thoroughly inspected before being usedagain.– Extension cords must not be used.NOMEXSafety Information D909.131.00/02 en 11WARNINGElectricity is a source of risk, particularly whenthe product is operated inappropriately.Shock HazardExclusion of operation in the patient envi-ronment:Neither the product nor any peripheral devicesmay be operated in the patient environment(see Figure 1).Exclusion of operation with patient contact:The product is not intended for use in directcontact with the patient. Neither the product norany peripheral device may have contact withthe patient.Exclusion of operation as a controllinginstrument:The product is only designed for use as a mea-suring device. Measuring results must not beused to control radiodiagnostic equipment orradiotherapy units.WARNINGElectricity is a source of risk, particularly whenthe product is operated inappropriately.Shock HazardUse of peripheral devices:Peripheral devices (PC, printer) may only beconnected if they meet the requirements ofstandard UL 60950-1 or IEC 60950-1 or of stan-dard IEC 61010-1.Devices may be connected to other devices orto parts of systems only if it has been ascer-tained that this connection does not impair thesafety of the patient, the operator, or the envi-ronment.If the device specifications do not containinformation regarding the connecting of thedevice to other equipment, you must consultthe manufacturer of the other equipment or anexpert about the effects of the connection onthe patient, operator, or environment. Alwaysobserve standard IEC 61010-1.NOMEXSafety Information 12 D909.131.00/02 enWARNINGMagnetic and electrical fields are capable ofinterfering with the proper performance of theproduct.Equipment Failure– For this reason, make sure that all externaldevices operated in the vicinity of the prod-uct comply with the relevant EMC require-ments. X-ray equipment, MRI devices, andradio systems are possible sources of inter-ference as they may emit higher levels ofelectromagnetic radiation. Keep the productaway from these devices and verify its per-formance before use.– The use of cables longer than specifiedmay impair the electromagnetic compatibil-ity characteristics of the product.– The product should not be used in theimmediate vicinity of, or placed on topof or below, other equipment. However, ifthe application requires an arrangement ofdevices as described above, the productshould be monitored in order to ensure itsproper functioning in the specific arrange-ment.– The customer or user of the product shouldassure that it is used in an electromagneticenvironment as described in IEC 61326-1.WARNINGHazards originating from other system compo-nents.Hazards to Persons Equipment DamageObserve the safety information provided in theuser manuals of the system components.NOMEXSafety Information D909.131.00/02 en 13CAUTIONUse of the product without observing the usermanual.Bodily Injury Equipment DamageAlways use the product in compliance with theuser manual. Otherwise, the intended protec-tion can be reduced.Handle the product with care to avoid equip-ment damage.CAUTIONOperation under inadequate ambient condi-tions.Equipment DamageAlways observe the ambient conditions as indi-cated in the section "Technical Specifications".CAUTIONOperation under unsuitable ambient conditionsor when the NOMEX multimeter is moved.Erroneous MeasurementsThe NOMEX multimeter is a highly sensitivemulti-channel semiconductor detector. For thisreason, cosmic radiation as well as moving theNOMEX multimeter are capable of starting ameasurement.CAUTIONImproper handling of cables and connectors.Equipment DamageTo avoid damage to the cables and connectors,observe the following points.– Do not kink the cables. Observe the mini-mum bend radius of the cables. Never exertpressure on the cables. Do not step on thecables. Do not roll trolleys over the cables.Do not pull or twist the cables.– Disconnect the cables from the devices dur-ing transport and when the devices are notin use. Do not let the cables hang downunrestrained.– The connectors must always be clean. Donot allow connectors to lie on the floor.Always protect connectors when pullingthem through cable conduits.NOMEXSafety Information 14 D909.131.00/02 enNOTEPlease observe the user manuals of all con-nected devicesNOTESet up the product so that the operator has aclear, unobstructed view of the control panel.NOTEIn order to separate the product from the powersupply, unplug the USB cable from the product.Position the device so that it is not difficult tounplug the USB plug.Figure 1: Definition of the patient environmentSymbols on the Product and NameplateSymbol DescriptionPlease refer to the user manualThe product bears the CE-mark.The device is only suitable for usewith direct current.USB portManufacturer and date of manu-factureReference numberSerial numberSeparate collection for electricaland electronic equipment(refer also to the section "Disposalof the Product")Labeling according to"Administration on the Control ofthe Pollution caused by ElectronicInformation Products (ACPEIP)"(China RoHS)(refer also to the "Appendix")NOMEXSafety Information D909.131.00/02 en 15Safety Information Concerning the SoftwareWARNINGHazards originating from other system compo-nents.Incorrect OperationObserve the safety information provided in theuser manuals of the system componentsWARNINGUse of the NOMEX software by persons withinadequate qualifications.Incorrect OperationThe use of the NOMEX software is limitedto persons who are familiar with the softwareand who are adequately trained or experiencedin the use of such programs and who ownthe necessary decision-making competence toensure proper use. This includes the followingactivities:– determination of the measuring and analy-sis parameters– determination of the tolerance levels– selection of correction protocols accordingto different standards– selection or generation of the correctiontables according to different standards– evaluation and plausibility check of measur-ing and analysis data provided by the soft-ware– introduction of the software in the depart-ment– as well as the instruction provided to thepersonnel on how to perform measure-ments.CAUTIONInfluences by other software.MalfunctionIf software programs other than theNOMEX software or programs approvedby PTW-Freiburg are installed on the PC,PTW-Freiburg cannot be held liable for com-puter malfunctions resulting from this fact. Fur-thermore, PTW-Freiburg cannot guarantee theproper functioning if third-party software pro-grams were previously installed on the PC andwere not entirely removed.For the proper functioning of the NOMEX soft-ware, ensure that only one version of this soft-ware is installed on the PC.CAUTIONUse in combination with unsuitable systemcomponents.Incorrect OperationOnly install the NOMEX software on PCsthat meet the requirements of the standardUL 60950-1 or IEC 60950-1.Do not operate the PC in the patient environ-ment.NOMEXSafety Information 16 D909.131.00/02 enNOTEIt is recommended to secure the NOMEX dataat regular intervals.The data are located, for example, in the direc-tory '\\Nomex\\Data' (refer tosection 2.5 "Storage of Data").NOTEPlease observe the user manuals of all con-nected devicesDisclaimerThe NOMEX software has been developed andtested with all due care. However, PTW-Freiburgis not in a position to guarantee that the programis completely free of errors.PTW-Freiburg is not responsible in any way forthe consequences resulting from the use of theNOMEX software. Any conclusions drawn fromthese measurements are the sole responsibility ofthe user.The user automatically accepts this agreement bytheir using the NOMEX software.Agreement about Updates and LicensesPTW-Freiburg is not obliged to keep the softwareup to date. When you contact us for advice, pleaselet us know the software revision, the serial num-bers of the peripheral devices, and the date of pur-chase.NOMEXOperating Manual - Equipment DescriptionD909.131.00/02 en 17Operating Manual1 Equipment Description1.1 Features– multi-channel semiconductor detector– measurement of dose, dose rate, dose perpulse, pulses, pulse frequency, exposure time,tube voltage, total filtration, and half valuelayer as well as of the tube voltage and doserate waveforms– fully automatic dose and tube voltage ranging– fully automatic total filtration compensation– measurement of very heavily filtered radiationqualities– measurement of the half value layer in all appli-cations– adjustable sampling with an appropriatelysized log memory for several seconds– adjustable timer functions– message if the accuracy of the measuredvalue is inadequate– auto-start/auto-stop mode with auto-reset– USB interface– powered via USB interface– NOMEX software for the display and evalua-tion of the measured values– NOMEX software for equipment setup– selectable display language for the NOMEXsoftwareCAUTIONImproper handling.Equipment DamageThe NOMEX multimeter is a sensitive measur-ing device that requires regular inspection andcalibration.– Ensure that the NOMEX multimeter is ser-viced at regular intervals as outlined insection 17 "Preventive Maintenance".– Have the NOMEX multimeter calibratedperiodically by an authorized laboratory(also refer to section 17 "Preventive Main-tenance").Legally Calibrated NOMEX MultimetersThe calibration authority has placed a calibrationmark on the back of the device. Damaging orremoving the calibration mark automatically inval-idates the calibration.NOMEXOperating Manual - Equipment Description18 D909.131.00/02 en1.2 Indicators and Interfacesof the NOMEX MultimeterFigure 2: NOMEX multimeter, top view1 Radiation measurement area (refer toFigure 4)2 USB port3 Status LEDFigure 3: NOMEX multimeter, bottom view1 Nameplate2 Rubber pad (4)NOMEXOperating Manual - Equipment DescriptionD909.131.00/02 en 19Figure 4: NOMEX multimeter, measurementarea1 Detector area2 Electronics area3 Mark for alignment with the central axis4 Mark for alignment in CT and dentalpanoramic applications5 Status LED1.3 Status LED on theNOMEX Multimeter(refer to Status LED 5, Figure 4)Function LED indica-tionThe NOMEX multimeter isinactive, i.e., it is not con-nected to the PC and, there-fore, is not powered.noneEstablishing a communicationlink via USBilluminatedblueThe NOMEX multimeter isready for measurement.illuminatedgreenMeasurement in progress blinking greenMeasured values are beingdetermined.blinking blueThe NOMEX multimeter isnot ready for measurementbecause the device is beingset up via the NOMEX soft-ware.illuminated redError condition of the NOMEXmultimeterException error, refer tosection 11.1.2 "Other ErrorMessages"blinking redNOMEXOperating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software20 D909.131.00/02 en2 Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software2.1 Minimum HardwareRequirements– Windows XP Professional or– Windows Vista Businessx32/x64 or– Windows 7 Professionalx32/x64Operationsystems:with recent Service Packs andUpdatesProcessor: Pentium IV processor, 2 GHzor compatible processorrecommended Pentium IVprocessor, 3 GHz or betterRAM: min. 2 GB RAMHard disk: min. 100 MB of free space forNOMEX andmin. 300 MB of free space for.NET Framework 2.0 and 3.5Graphics: XGA (1024 x 768 pixel) or higher resolutionrecommended SXGA(1280 x 1024 pixel)default font size enabledSoftware: – MS Internet Explorer 8.0 orhigher– Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher– Microsoft ExcelAlternatively, you can also use a tablet PC withthe following configuration:Operationsystems:Windows 7 Professional x32/x64RAM: 2 GB RAMHard disk: 32 GBrecommended SSDGraphics: WSVGA (1024 x 600 Pixel)NOMEXOperating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX SoftwareD909.131.00/02 en 212.2 InstallationCAUTIONWorking with an incomplete version of theNOMEX software.MalfunctionIf a restart of the system is required during orafter the installation of the software, it is essen-tial to restart the PC before the first use of thesoftware in order to ensure a correct installationof the software.NOTESwitch off antivirus software, energy savingmodes, and screen savers in order to avoidproblems during installation or measurements.The installation program is delivered on CD-ROM.• Log in as the administrator.• Start Windows on your PC and close all run-ning applications.• Insert the installation CD into the CD-ROMdrive (e.g. drive D:\\).If you have configured your CD-ROM drive to'Autorun', the installation process will be startedautomatically. Otherwise, follow the instructionsbelow:• In Windows Explorer, open the directory of theCD-ROM drive.• Start the installation with the "setup.exe" file.? The installation program will be executed andthe software will be installed on the hard diskof your PC.• Please follow the prompts on the screen.? The Customer Information window will be dis-played.Figure 5: Customer Information windowIf the operation system on your PC is set for sev-eral users, you can choose between installationfor all users with Anyone who uses this computeror for the current user with Only for me.• Click the Next button.NOMEXOperating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software22 D909.131.00/02 en? The Setup Type window will be displayed.Figure 6: Setup Type window• In the Setup Type window, select the setuptype Custom or Complete.PTW-Freiburg recommends selecting the setuptype Complete, especially if you are using the soft-ware for the first time.With the setup type Complete all available pro-gram features will be installed in the directory 'C:\\Program Files\\'.If you want to choose another directory you haveto select the setup type Custom. The installa-tion program recommends the default directory 'C:\\Program Files\\'.Click the Change button to select another direc-tory.Confirm with OK. The target directory will be cre-ated if it does not exist yet.• Click the Next button and in the following win-dow the Install button to start the installation.? The NOMEX software will be installed.2.3 Repairing andUninstallingYou can uninstall the NOMEX software or repairinstallation errors.• Click Start ? Settings ? Control panel.• Double-click Add/Remove programs.• Select the NOMEX software and click theChange button.? The Program Maintenance window will be dis-played.Figure 7: Program Maintenance windowThe Program Maintenance window offers the fol-lowing options.Modify not needed with this softwareRepair to check and repair the installationRemove to uninstall the softwareNOMEXOperating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX SoftwareD909.131.00/02 en 232.4 Data Backup andRestoring a BackupTo avoid loss of data, e.g. in case of a computercrash, it is recommended to make data backupsat regular intervals.The data are located, for example, in the directory'\\Nomex\\Data'.NOTETo avoid loss of data when moving data toanother directory, it is recommended to doso using the Copy/Paste and Delete functionsrather than Cut and Paste.2.5 Storage of DataWhen you store data, please keep in mind thatyou write them only to completely accessibledirectories. Otherwise, Windows Vista and Win-dows 7 will store the data in a virtual directory("virtualization"). These data in the selected stor-age path will no longer be visible to other users orWindows Explorer.Depending on the operating system of your PC,the PTW specific files will be stored in the follow-ing directories:¦ e.g. demo data, measurement data, or evalu-ation data– Windows XP:'C:\\Documents and Settings\\All Users\\Shared Documents\\PTW'– Windows Vista / Windows 7:'C:\\Users\\Public\\PublicDocuments\\PTW'NOMEXOperating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software24 D909.131.00/02 en2.6 Starting• Click the Windows Start button? Program Files? PTW? NOMEX? NOMEX icon.? The main screen of the software (see section 5"Main Screen") will be displayed.2.7 ExitingExiting the NOMEX software can be done in sev-eral different ways:• Click menu File ? Exit or• Press the standard Windows hot-keysequence Alt+F4 or• Double-click the program icon in the title bar ofthe main screen or• Click the Windows button in the title bar ofthe main screen.If the software contains data that have not yetbeen saved, an appropriate message will be dis-played and you will be given the option to savethese data.NOMEXOperating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into ServiceD909.131.00/02 en 253 Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service3.1 Connecting the NOMEXMultimeterCAUTIONUse of USB cables not approved by PTW.MalfunctionOnly use the USB cables (USB cable L178089or USB active extension cable L178088) sup-plied with the NOMEX multimeter to connect itto the PC. Otherwise, correct communication,which is the basis for proper operation, cannotbe guaranteed. Do not use more than 4 of theUSB active extension cables with a length of5 m each.NOTEDo not connect more than one NOMEX multi-meter to the PC because the NOMEX softwarecan only communicate with the first device itdetects.Furthermore, the NOMEX software does notoffer the possibility to search for multiple, con-nected devices and to select the appropriatedevice.• Connect the NOMEX multimeter (USB port 4,Figure 2) to a USB port of the PC where theNOMEX software has been installed. To doso, use one of the supplied USB cables (USBcable L178089 or USB active extension cableL178088).NOTEThe PTW info file "NOMEX_Multimeter.inf" forthe USB driver of the NOMEX multimeter is partof the NOMEX software. The file is copied tothe folder 'C:\\WINDOWS\\inf' during the instal-lation of the NOMEX software.When you first connect the NOMEX multime-ter to the PC, the corresponding USB driver isautomatically configured by means of this infofile.PTW recommends configuring the USB driveronly the first time and selecting automatic con-figuration.? The USB driver configuration starts.? The Windows logo test is running first and thistest fails. PTW guarantees that the NOMEXmultimeter does not impair the functioning ofyour PC.• Acknowledge the warning by clicking the Con-tinue installation button.? The USB driver configuration continues.• Follow the prompts displayed on the screen toperform the configuration.NOMEXOperating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service26 D909.131.00/02 en? The USB driver will be configured.? The NOMEX multimeter will automatically beactivated and initialized.? The NOMEX multimeter is then ready for mea-surement. Once the NOMEX software hasstarted, the status LED (3, Figure 2) is illumi-nated green.NOTEIf you connect the NOMEX multimeter via two,three, or four USB active extension cablesL178088 while the NOMEX software is started,this can lead to communication problemsbetween the NOMEX software and the NOMEXmultimeter.In this case, exit and restart the NOMEXsoftware so that the USB connection willbe detected again and the communicationbetween the NOMEX software and the NOMEXmultimeter will be re-established.3.2 Positioning the NOMEXMultimeter3.2.1 Radiography, Fluoroscopy,Dental X-Ray, andMammographyFor a measurement, the measurement area of theNOMEX multimeter must be located in the radia-tion beam of the X-ray unit and the detector areamust be fully irradiated (gray area in Figure 8).Figure 8: Measurement area for RAD/FLU/DENT and MAM applicationsNOMEXOperating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into ServiceD909.131.00/02 en 273.2.2 Computed Tomography andDental Panoramic X-RayFor CT and DENT-PAN applications, the bar witha width of approx. 1 mm is used (4, Figure 4) thatidentifies the center of the 3 mm wide measure-ment area. The measurement area must be fullyirradiated (gray area in Figure 9).Figure 9: Measurement area for CT andDENT-PAN applicationsCAUTIONNOMEX multimeter measurements in the pres-ence of rotating radiation.Erroneous MeasurementsRotation of CT and DENT-PAN X-ray units isnot permitted. The X-ray tube should be oper-ated in the so-called topogram or service modeand be positioned vertically above the NOMEXmultimeter.The NOMEX multimeter always needs to bepositioned in a permanently irradiated area. Arotating field of radiation will lead to erroneousmeasurements.Measurement on CT Systems in the Presenceof Rotating Radiation:If the rotation of the CT tube and the treatmenttable cannot be deactivated (service mode), theNOMEX multimeter cannot be used to performmeasurements.Remedy:CT systems can also be used to create two-dimensional X-ray images. For this purpose, thetube moves to 12 o'clock where it stops and thetreatment table travels slowly through the gantry.• Choose a small pitch.• Move the treatment table out of the gantry asfar as possible.• Place the NOMEX multimeter at the bottom ofthe gantry.? With this method, neither the NOMEX multime-ter nor the X-ray tube will move and the mea-surement can be performed.NOMEXOperating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service28 D909.131.00/02 enMeasurement on Dental Panoramic Units inthe Presence of Rotating Radiation:With this type of equipment it must also beassured that the NOMEX multimeter is alwaysfully irradiated statically when the rotation cannotbe avoided, i.e., the NOMEX multimeter must fol-low the rotating movement. For this purpose, youcan use the NOMEX multimeter holder T20016,for example (refer to section 13.1.2 "Using theNOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016").NOMEXOperating Manual - Quick Start (Workflow)D909.131.00/02 en 294 Quick Start (Workflow)1. Connect the NOMEX multimeter to the PC andset it up at the measuring site2. Start the NOMEX software3. Configure the basic NOMEX software settings:menu Setup ? Display and Audio4. Select the application:menu Setup ? Multimeter ? Application5. Configure the measurement:menu Setup ? Measurement ? SensitivityModemenu Setup ? Measurement ? Timermenu Setup ? Measurement ? Ranging6. Perform the measurement– Auto-start/auto-stop mode:measurement starts when a signal isdetectedmeasurement ends when no signal isdetected– Manually start/stop measurement:Start measurement buttonStop measurement button7. Save measurement data:Save button8. Archive measurement data– Print measurement data:Print measurements button– Export all measurement data:menu File ? Export all– Export selected measurement data:Export selected measurements button– Export displayed waveform:Export waveform button– Copy selected measurement data to theclipboard:Copy selected values button– Copy displayed waveform:Copy waveform data buttonNOMEXOperating Manual - Main Screen30 D909.131.00/02 en5 Main ScreenFigure 10: NOMEX software main screen with measuring table1 Title bar2 Menu bar3 Toolbar4 Measuring window of the NOMEX multimeter(refer to section 5.1 "NOMEX Software Mea-suring Window")5 Selected (highlighted) measurement in themeasuring table6 Selected (highlighted) column in the measur-ing table7 Main data window with measuring table8 Statistical evaluation of the column high-lighted in the measuring table, indicating– Mean value– Standard deviation– Coefficient of variation9 Status bara indicating NOMEX multimeter connectionstatusb showing the path and name of the loadedfileNOMEXOperating Manual - Main ScreenD909.131.00/02 en 31Figure 11: NOMEX software main screen with waveform1 Title bar2 Menu bar3 Toolbar4 Measuring window of the NOMEX multimeter(refer to section 5.1 "NOMEX Software Mea-suring Window")5 Main data window with waveform6 Current position of the crosshairs7 Measured value corresponding to the currentposition of the crosshairs on the waveformgraph8 Status bara indicating NOMEX multimeter connectionstatusb showing the path and name of the loadedfileNOMEXOperating Manual - Main Screen32 D909.131.00/02 enLegally Calibrated NOMEX MultimetersNOTEThe type approval demands that the NOMEXsoftware be displayed in the foreground at alltimes.If the device is legally calibrated and the measur-ing window contains measured values, it is notpossible to position the NOMEX software windowoutside the visible range or to superimpose otherprograms.5.1 NOMEX SoftwareMeasuring WindowMeasuring ModeFigure 12: NOMEX multimeter measuring win-dow in the NOMEX software1 Status line witha current application and current sensitivitymodeb current measurement setting or menuitemWhen you move the mouse cursor overthe measurement setting, the timer set-tings will be displayed in the form of atooltip.2 Display of the measurement data or of theSetup menu3 Toolbar of the measuring window4 Status LED (for explanations, refer tosection 5.1.1 "Status LED in the NOMEXSoftware Measuring Window")NOMEXOperating Manual - Main ScreenD909.131.00/02 en 33Display ModeThe NOMEX measuring window will be auto-matically in display mode if stored measurementdata are loaded. For further information, refer tosection 7.6 "Loading Stored Measurement Data".5.1.1 Status LED in the NOMEXSoftware Measuring Window(refer to Status LED 4, Figure 12)Function LED indica-tionThe NOMEX multimeter isinactive, i.e., it is not con-nected to the PC and, there-fore, is not powered.noneEstablishing a communicationlink via USBilluminatedblueThe NOMEX multimeter isready for measurement.illuminatedgreenMeasurement in progress blinking greenMeasured values are beingdetermined.blinking blueThe NOMEX multimeter isnot ready for measurementbecause the device is beingset up via the NOMEX soft-ware.illuminated redError condition of the NOMEXmultimeterException error, refer tosection 11.1.2 "Other ErrorMessages"blinking redNOMEXOperating Manual - Main Screen34 D909.131.00/02 en5.2 Icons5.2.1 Explanation of the MainScreen Toolbar Icons Open fileSave dataDelete all currently displayed measure-ment dataPrint measurements or waveform graphCopy measuring window to clipboardDisplay waveform graphDisplay measuring tableDisplay next measurementDisplay previous measurementDisplay tube voltage waveform graphDisplay dose rate waveform graphEnlarge a section of the waveform graphResize waveform graph to standard sizeExport waveform data or selected mea-sured valuesCopy waveform data or selected mea-sured values to clipboard5.2.2 Explanation of the MeasuringWindow Status Bar Icons Sensitivity Mode Normal is activatedSensitivity Mode High is activatedSensitivity Mode Heavily Filtered is acti-vatedMeasurement samplingStart delay is activatedStop delay is activatedNOMEXOperating Manual - Main ScreenD909.131.00/02 en 355.2.3 Explanation of the MeasuringWindow Toolbar Icons Start measurement manuallyStop measurement manuallyZeroingCancel measurement and reset mea-sured values to zeroDisplay Setup menuDisplay measuring window with mea-surement dataDisplay previous menuDisplay calibration and detector informa-tion5.2.4 Explanation of the SetupMenu IconsSubmenu existsMenu item selected and submenu existsParameter or option selectedParameter or option not selectedApplication configuration menuRAD/FLU/DENT applicationCT applicationDENT-PAN applicationMAM applicationA compression paddle is used for MAMapplicationsNo compression paddle is used forMAM applicationsMeasurement configuration menuSensitivity mode configuration menuSensitivity mode - NormalSensitivity mode - HighSensitivity mode - Heavily filteredNOMEXOperating Manual - Main Screen36 D909.131.00/02 enMeasurement timer configuration menuMeasurement samplingStart delay (delay before measurementstarts)Stop delay (delay before measurementstops)Measuring range configuration menukV measuring rangeTF measuring rangeButtons to start/stop a measurementmanuallyDisplay and audio menuLanguageIntroduction (Intro)BeepIcons on Legally Calibrated Devices:NOMEX multimeter is legally calibratedRAD/FLU/DENT application is legallycalibratedRAD/FLU/DENT application is notlegally calibratedCT application is legally calibratedCT application is not legally calibratedDENT-PAN application is legally cali-bratedDENT-PAN application is not legally cal-ibratedMAM application is legally calibratedMAM application is not legally calibratedNOMEXOperating Manual - Main ScreenD909.131.00/02 en 375.2.5 Explanation of Warning andError IconsWarningMeasured value with reduced accuracyThe measuring error is = 5 %.orErrorThe system is not able to determine themeasured value.This icon is always accompanied by anerror message. For further information,refer to section 11.1.1 "Error Messages ofthe Measured Quantities".Severe errorThis icon is always displayed in an errorwindow. For further information, refer tosection 11.1.2 "Other Error Messages".5.3 Context MenuContext menus are available for important andspecial functions. Context menus are activatedwith a right mouse click. The program offers dif-ferent context menus for the different windows.5.4 Changing thePresentation ofMeasurement Data5.4.1 Measuring Table andWaveform Positions• To display the measuring table, selectmenu View ? Table or click the follow-ing button.• To display the waveform, select menuView ? Waveform or click the follow-ing button.• To display the tube voltage wave-form, select menu View ? Wave-form ? Tube Voltage or click the fol-lowing button.• To display the dose rate wave-form, select menu View ? Wave-form ? Dose Rate or click the follow-ing button.NOMEXOperating Manual - Main Screen38 D909.131.00/02 en5.4.2 Determining the Dose UnitThe dose or dose rate can be displayed in Gray[Gy] or Roentgen [R] units.• To display the units [Gy] or [Gy/s], select menuView ? Dose unit ? [Gy].• To display the units [R] or [R/s], select menuView ? Dose unit ? [R].NOTEThe units [R] and [R/s] are not available onlegally calibrated devices.5.4.3 Determining the Type of TubeVoltage DisplayedAfter the measurement, the following values aredetermined for the tube voltage:– mean peak voltage (mean kVp)The mean kVp corresponds to the mean valueof the upper 10 % of the highest measuredtube voltages.– maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp)The maximum kVp corresponds to the highestmeasured tube voltage that has been recorded5 times.– practical peak voltage (PPV)The PPV is calculated according to the algo-rithm of IEC 61676.One of these values can be selected for display:• To display the mean peak voltage, select menuView ? Tube Voltage ? Mean kVp.• To display the maximum peak voltage, selectmenu View ? Tube Voltage ? Max. kVp.• To display the practical peak voltage, selectmenu View ? Tube Voltage ? PPV.or• Continue clicking the appropriate row in themeasuring window until the desired value isdisplayed.NOMEXOperating Manual - Main ScreenD909.131.00/02 en 395.4.4 Changing the Display Formatof the Measuring TableHiding Columns• In the measuring table, click the header(s) ofthe column(s) to hide.? The columns will be highlighted.• Select the Hide columns context menu.? The highlighted columns will be hidden.This function can be applied repeatedly.Showing All Columns• Select the Show all columns context menu.? All columns will be displayed.Determining the Value PresentationThe measured values can be displayed in twoways:• Presentation in technical notation:To choose this presentation, select contextmenu Value presentation ? Technical nota-tion.• Presentation with unit prefix:To choose this presentation, select contextmenu Value presentation ? Value with unit.The type of presentation can also be selectedon the Table tab of the Options menu (refer tosection 10.4 "Measuring Table Options").Determining the Row HeaderThe following titles can be used as row headersof the measuring table:• Number of the measurement:To choose this title, select context menu Rowheader ? Measurement number.• Date of the measurement:To choose this title, select context menu Rowheader ? Measurement date.The row header can also be selected on the Tabletab of the Options menu (refer to section 10.4"Measuring Table Options").NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup40 D909.131.00/02 en6 NOMEX Multimeter Setup6.1 General InformationThe following settings can be selected in theSetup menu of the NOMEX software:– device and detector settings– measurement settings– user interface settings (e.g. the language).All these settings are stored in the non-volatilememory of the NOMEX multimeter, which meansthey are retained even when the device isswitched off.Upon the connection of a NOMEX multimeter, itssettings will automatically be loaded.• In the measuring window, click theSetup button.? The Setup menu will be displayed:Figure 13: Setup menu• Select a menu item by clicking the correspond-ing line.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 416.1.1 Changing the SetupWe distinguish between three kinds of settings:– editing numeric values– selecting a value from a dropdown list– enabling and disabling an option.6.1.1.1 Editing Numeric Values• Click the setting you want to change.• Delete the numbers that are not needed withthe backspace key or with the Del key.• Enter the new value.or• Doubleclick the setting you want to change.? The background of the value turns blue.• Enter the new value.6.1.1.2 Selecting Values from a DropdownListFigure 14: Example showing the sampling timedropdown list• Click the dropdown list.? The dropdown list opens.• Click the desired value.6.1.1.3 Enabling and Disabling OptionsA red cross identifies the options that aredisabled.• Click the option you want to enable.? The option will be enabled and is iden-tified with a green check mark.• Click the option again to disable it.? The option will be disabled and isidentified with a red cross again.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup42 D909.131.00/02 en6.2 Detector Menu• In the Setup menu, click the Multime-ter line.? The Multimeter - Application menu for theNOMEX multimeter will be displayed:Figure 15: Multimeter - Application menuThe following settings can be performed in theMultimeter - Application menu:– selection of the NOMEX multimeter application– display of the NOMEX multimeter calibrationand detector information.6.2.1 Selecting the ApplicationThe Multimeter - Application menu will be dis-played.• Click the application that you want to select:– RAD/FLU/DENT– CT– DENT-PAN– MAM? The selected application will be iden-tified with a green check mark.• The MAM application requires further settingsto be performed. To access these settings,click the MAM line.• Select or deselect the Compression Paddlefunction.This setting ensures that the valuesobtained by a measurement with a com-pression paddle are corrected.• Click the beam quality you want to use:– Mo / 30 µm Mo– Mo / 0.5 mm Al– Mo / 25 µm Rh– W / 50 µm Rh– Rh / 25 µm Rh– W / 50 µm Ag– W / 0.7 mm AlNOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 436.2.2 Display of the Calibration andDetector InformationThe Multimeter - Application menu will be dis-played.• To view the NOMEX multimeter cali-bration and detector information, clickthe Calibration and detector informa-tion button.The following calibration and detector informationwill be displayed:– device manufacturer– device name– type number of the device– serial number of the device– device model– calibration dataThe following calibration conditions are dis-played separately for each application:– tube voltage– anode material– total filtration– half value layer (HVL)– calibration factor (Nk)– date of the next device calibration– hardware version– firmware version– bootloader versionNOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup44 D909.131.00/02 en6.3 Measurement Setup• In the Setup menu, click the Measure-ment line.? The Measurement menu will be displayed:Figure 16: Measurement menu• Select the desired menu item by clicking thecorresponding line.The following settings can be performed in theMeasurement menu:– Selection of the sensitivity mode in the corre-sponding submenu:– Normal– High– Heavily Filtered.– Timer settings in the corresponding submenu:– Measurement sampling– Start delay (delay before measurementstarts)– Stop delay (delay before measurementstops).– Selection of the measuring ranges in the cor-responding submenu:– kV range (measuring range of the tube volt-age)– TF range (measuring range of the total fil-tration).– Show/hide button to start/stop a measurementmanually.In sensitivity mode Normal, the button for per-forming the zero adjustment manually will alsobe shown or hidden hereby.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 456.3.1 Sensitivity ModeThe following settings are available in theSensitivity Mode menu:NormalThe sensitivity mode Normal is the stan-dard measuring mode of the NOMEXmultimeter.HighThe sensitivity mode High is intended formeasuring low dose rates (< 5 µGy/s)at direct current/high frequency tube volt-ages (DC/HF). The recommended mini-mum measuring time is 5 seconds.In this mode the measurement sampling and thestart delay in submenu Timer cannot be config-ured.In addition, the following measuring quantities arenot available:– Mean dose rate after the measurement 1)– Dose per pulse– Frequency– Pulses.In the sensitivity mode High the measured valuesof kVpmax, kVpmean and PPV are identical. The timeresolution is 0.5 sec.Heavily FilteredThe sensitivity mode Heavily Filteredis intended for measuring low doserates (< 5 µGy/s) at direct current/high frequency tube voltages (DC/HF)and heavily filtered radiation qualities(TF > 1 mm Cu). The recommended min-imum measuring time is 5 seconds.In this mode, the following measurement settingsin the submenus Timer and Ranging cannot beconfigured:– Measurement sampling– Start delay– kV range– TF range.In the sensitivity mode Heavily Filtered only thefollowing measuring quantities are available:– Dose rate during the measurement 1)– Dose– Exposure time.In this mode, the time resolution is 0.5 sec.The sensitivity mode Heavily Filtered makessense if you intend, for instance, to measure thedose rate in fluoroscopy behind an absorber with1.5 mm Cu + 25 mm Al.For MAM applications, it is not possible to selectthe sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered.1 ) In both sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered", the current dose rate will be displayed during the measure-mentAfter the measurement, "---" will be displayed instead of the mean dose rate because of the reduced time resolu-tion of 0.5 seconds.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup46 D909.131.00/02 en6.3.2 Measurement SamplingThe following settings can be made formeasurement sampling:– Measuring time of 3 s at a sampling rate of2 kHz– Measuring time of 6 s at a sampling rate of1 kHz– Measuring time of 12 s at a sampling rate of500 Hz– Measuring time of 24 s at a sampling rate of250 Hz– Measuring time of 60 s at a sampling rate of100 Hz.In the sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered,you cannot adjust the measurement sampling. Itis set to a measuring time of 3000 s at a samplingrate of 2 Hz.For the storage of the entire exposure time, thesampling time must be longer than the exposuretime. Select a sampling rate that results in anexposure time shorter than the sampling time.6.3.3 Start DelayA start delay (delay before the measure-ment starts) in a range from 0 ms to9999 ms can be adjusted.The start delay is the period of time between theradiation start and data logging start.Setting a start delay allows you to eliminate thepower-up effects of the installation (excessivetube current or tube voltage) from the kV mea-surement result.The set start delay does not affect the measureddose. It only controls the time when the storage ofthe dose rate waveform starts.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 476.3.4 Stop DelayIf a stop delay (delay before the measure-ment stops) has been set, the NOMEXmultimeter waits for this time to elapseafter the detection of the automatic endof the measurement. The measurementis then considered completed and is ter-minated.The following settings are available for the stopdelay:– Off,i.e., the stop delay is automatically set to100 ms– 1 s,i.e., the stop delay is 1 s– …– 5 s,i.e., the stop delay is 5 s.Periods of more than 1 second may be use-ful if, for example, radiation intervals longer than1 second are expected. This allows the total doseof multiple radiation pulses with long intervals tobe measured.6.3.5 kV RangeThe following settings are available forthe kV range (tube voltage range):– automatic adjustment of the kV range Auto– manual adjustment of the kV rangeThe automatic adjustment of the kV range is theeasiest and most accurate method for the mea-surement of an unknown signal. The NOMEXmultimeter automatically determines the correctmeasuring range. As a general rule, PTW recom-mends performing measurements with the auto-matic kV range setting.The following kV ranges can be set manually:RAD/FLU/DENT[kV]CTDENT-PAN[kV]MAM[kV]40 … 7560 … 11590 … 15060 … 11590 … 15023 … 35NOTEAt power-up or when the application ischanged, the kV range is automatically set toAuto.For MAM applications, it is not possible to selectthe kV range.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup48 D909.131.00/02 enThe measurable tube voltage (kV) depends onthe total filtration and vice versa. For measurablecombinations of tube voltage and total filtration,refer to Figure 17. The gray area is the range thatis defined by PTW for measuring the tube voltage,dose, and half value layer. It is also possible toperform measurements in the hatched areas. Inthis case, however, the measurement results maybe less accurate.Figure 17: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the tube voltage, dose, and half valuelayer in sensitivity mode "Normal" or for measuring the dose in sensitivity mode "Heavily Fil-tered"NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 496.3.6 TF RangeThe following settings are available forthe TF range (total filtration range):– Auto,i.e., automatic detection of the total filtrationduring a measurement– Manual,i.e., manual entry of the total filtrationNOTEAt power-up or when the application ischanged, the TF range is automatically set toAuto.NOTEWhen the TF range is set to Manual, the totalfiltration is displayed in gray in the measuringtable and on the measuring window. The colorgray indicates that the total filtration is not ameasured value but rather a set value. The settotal filtration value is also displayed in the sta-tus line of the measuring window.For MAM applications, it is not possible to selectthe TF range.The measurable total filtration depends on thetube voltage (kV) and vice versa. For measurablecombinations of tube voltage and total filtration,refer to Figure 18. The gray area is the range thatis defined by PTW for measuring the total filtra-tion. It is also possible to perform measurementsin the hatched areas. In this case, however, themeasurement results may be less accurate.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup50 D909.131.00/02 enFigure 18: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the total filtrationNOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter SetupD909.131.00/02 en 516.3.7 Start/StopThe NOMEX multimeter is normally used in theauto-start/auto-stop mode. If needed, a measure-ment can be manually started and stopped whenthe button for the manual start and manual termi-nation of the measurement is visible on the mea-suring window.You can show and hide this button byenabling and disabling the Start / Stopoption.NOTEIf you have disabled the Start / Stopoption, the Zeroing button will be hid-den in sensitivity mode Normal. Thus,zeroing manually is no longer possi-ble in this mode. For further informa-tion, refer to section 7.3.4 "Zero Adjust-ment".Auto-Start/Auto-Stop:The NOMEX multimeter is permanently in auto-start mode. This means that a measurementstarts automatically when a signal is detected.For dose measurements, the dose and time val-ues are first set to zero (auto reset).Manual Start/Stop:When the Start / Stop option is enabled, the buttonfor the manual start and manual termination of themeasurement is visible on the measuring window.Start measurement manuallyStop measurement manuallyNOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup52 D909.131.00/02 en6.4 Display and Audio Setup• In the Setup menu, click the Displayand Audio line.? The Display and Audio menu will be displayed:Figure 19: Display and Audio menu• Select the desired menu item by clicking thecorresponding line.The following settings can be performed in theDisplay and Audio menu:– selection of the language– enabling or disabling the introduction– enabling or disabling the audio signal (beep)6.4.1 LanguageThe menus, dialogs, and messages canbe displayed in different languages.The following languages can be selected:– German– English– French– Spanish– Portuguese– Italian– Russian– Chinese– Japanese.6.4.2 Introduction (Intro)If the Intro option is enabled, an introwill be displayed on the start screen dur-ing initialization and during the automaticselftest.6.4.3 BeepIf the Beep option is enabled, the systemwill emit an audio signal to acknowledgethe activation of buttons or the end of ameasurement (when new measured val-ues are available).NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX MultimeterD909.131.00/02 en 537 Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter7.1 Preparing MeasurementsRAD/FLU/DENT and MAM ApplicationsThe measurement area of the NOMEX multimetermust be located in the radiation beam of the X-rayunit and the detector area must be fully irradi-ated (refer to Figure 8).CT or DENT-PAN ApplicationThe measurement area with a width of 3 mm mustbe fully irradiated (gray area in Figure 9). Thebar with a width of approx. 1 mm (4, Figure 4) indi-cates the center of the measurement area.NOTETo obtain the most accurate kV measurementresults possible, the dose rate selected on theX-ray unit should not be too small. The NOMEXsoftware does not require any special settings,because the NOMEX multimeter automaticallyselects the optimal dose rate measuring range.NOTERotation of the CT and DENT-PAN X-ray unitsis not permitted. The X-ray tube must be posi-tioned vertically above the NOMEX multimeter.During irradiation, the tube voltage value in kV isdetermined for an exposure time correspondingto the maximum storage time. The maximum stor-age time depends on the selected sampling rate,e.g. maximum storage time of 3.2 s at a samplingrate of 2 kHz.Only the values stored in the log memory aretaken into account in the calculation of the kVmeasured value.Dose and time are measured continuously.All readings are updated at 0.5 s intervals.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter54 D909.131.00/02 en7.2 Verifying the SettingsBefore a Measurement1. The application selected in the NOMEX soft-ware is appropriate for the X-ray unit used(RAD, FLU, DENT, MAM, CT, DENT-PAN).2. In the NOMEX software, the total filtrationis set to Auto or to a filtration value whichcorresponds to the filtration of the X-ray unit(e.g. 3 mm Al).3. The detector area of the NOMEX multimeter islocated at the center of the irradiated field andis fully irradiated.4. The dose rate is within the measuring range ofthe NOMEX multimeter.5. The sensitivity mode set in the NOMEX soft-ware matches the dose rate to check.6. The sampling rate set in the NOMEX softwarematches the desired storage time.7. In case of excessive voltage or current, a startdelay has been set at the NOMEX multimeter.8. The exposure time set on the X-ray unit is suf-ficient for an accurate measurement.NOTEAs a matter of course, the measuring timeshould be proportionately longer with a higherripple and smaller ripple frequency of the tubevoltage waveform. Experience has shown thatoptimal results are obtained with measuringtimes = 100 ms. If in doubt it is recommendedto verify the measurement results for shortermeasuring times at approx. 100 ms.NOTEPlease refer to section 6 "NOMEX MultimeterSetup" for information about the required set-tings for the intended measurement.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX MultimeterD909.131.00/02 en 557.3 Performing theMeasurement7.3.1 Starting the MeasurementCAUTIONOperation under unsuitable ambient conditionsor when the NOMEX multimeter is moved.Erroneous MeasurementsThe NOMEX multimeter is a highly sensitivemulti-channel semiconductor detector. For thisreason, cosmic radiation as well as moving theNOMEX multimeter are capable of starting ameasurement.Auto-Start:The NOMEX multimeter is permanently in auto-start mode. This means that a measurementbegins as soon as a signal is detected. Before,however, all parameter readings will be set to zero(auto-reset).Manual Start:If the Start / Stop option in the Measure-ment menu is enabled, a measurementcan also be started by clicking the Startmeasurement button on the measuringwindow.7.3.2 Readouts During theMeasurementThe display is updated at 0.5 s intervals.NOTEThe displayed Dose per Pulse result is a valueaveraged over all pulses of the sequence.Therefore, a change of the dose rate during themeasurement will cause erroneous readouts.7.3.3 Stopping the MeasurementAuto-Stop:A measurement initiated with auto-start endsautomatically when no measuring signal isdetected for a period longer than the stop delay. Itis not possible to stop the measurement manually.By clicking the Reset measurement but-ton on the measuring window, you canabort the measurement and reset themeasured values to zero.Manual Stop:A measurement started manually mustbe stopped with the Stop measurementbutton on the measuring window.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter56 D909.131.00/02 en7.3.4 Zero AdjustmentIn sensitivity mode Normal, an automatic zeroadjustment is performed after each automati-cally triggered measurement (auto-start/auto-stopmode).No zero adjustment is performed after havingmanually started and stopped measurements andthe measured values are corrected with the val-ues of the previous zero adjustment.If a successful zero adjustment is not possibleafter a measurement, a corresponding messagewill be displayed and the subsequent measuredvalues are corrected with the values of the previ-ous zero adjustment.As an alternative, initiate the zero adjust-ment manually by clicking the Zeroingbutton. Do not move the NOMEX multi-meter during the zero adjustment.You can also initiate the zero adjustmentduring a running measurement. This,however, will abort the measurement.7.3.5 Readouts at End ofMeasurementAfter the termination of the measurement, themeasured values are stored. Storing a large num-ber of measured values may take a few seconds.During this period, the LED at the NOMEX multi-meter and on the measuring window blinks blue(refer to sections 1.3 "Status LED on the NOMEXMultimeter" and 5.1.1 "Status LED in the NOMEXSoftware Measuring Window").Upon completion of the measurement, the mea-surement data will be displayed depending on theselected application according to Table 1.In both sensitivity modes High and Heavily Fil-tered, the current dose rate will be displayed dur-ing the measurement.After the measurement, the mean dose rate dis-play can vary because of the reduced time reso-lution of 0.5 seconds.The measurement data to be displayed can beselected on the Displayed values tab of theOptions menu.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX MultimeterD909.131.00/02 en 57ApplicationRAD/FLU/DENT CT DENT-PAN MAM 1)Dose rate 2) 3) X X X XDose 2) 3) X X X XMean kVp, maximum kVpor PPV (selectable) 2)X X X XExposure time 2) 3) X X X XHalf value layer (HVL) 2) X X X XTotal filtration (TF) 2) X X XDose per pulse X X XPulse frequency X X XPulses X X XTube voltage waveform 2) 3) X X X XDose rate waveform 3) X X X XTable 1: Available measurement data in sensitivity mode Normal depending on the application1 ) For MAM applications, the sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered" are not possible.2 ) Possible measurement data in sensitivity mode "High"3 ) Possible measurement data in sensitivity mode "Heavily Filtered"NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter58 D909.131.00/02 en7.3.5.1 Measurements with Very ShortExposure TimesThe measuring amplifiers of the NOMEX multime-ter are always set to autoranging for the sensitiv-ity of all channels. During the measurement, themeasuring amplifiers will switch to a higher rangeif needed. A short exposure time combined withthe required adaptation of the measuring range fordose measurements may thus lead to results withreduced accuracy. In this case, repeat the mea-surement.When evaluating the measured data at the endof the measurement, the NOMEX multimeter isable to discern whether the exposure time wastoo short and whether longer exposure timesare required due to the dead times resultingfrom range switching. In this case, the measuringamplifier range that was used last will be retainedfor subsequent measurements because NOMEXassumes constant signal levels. Thus, measuringwith very short exposure times is possible.7.3.6 Warning and Error MessagesIf the measurement accuracy is reduced (measur-ing error = 5 %), the information icon and the fol-lowing warning will be displayed in the status lineof the measuring window:Figure 20: Status line with warning of reducedaccuracyIf the measured values cannot be determined, theinformation icon and one or several error mes-sages will be displayed in the status line of themeasuring window. The measured values will bereplaced by "---".Figure 21: Staus line with an error messagewhen the measured values cannotbe determinedFor further information, refer to section 11.1.1"Error Messages of the Measured Quantities".NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX MultimeterD909.131.00/02 en 597.3.7 Session CommentBy default, the NOMEX multimeter settings aresaved as comments with each measurement.• If you want to enter another comment, click theappropriate measurement data set in the mea-suring table and select the Edit comment con-text menu.? The Edit comment dialog will be displayed.• Enter the desired comment and click OK.7.4 Determining theMeasured ValuesSensitivity Mode NormalDuring the measurement, the measured valuesare stored in the internal log memory.From the values stored in the memory, the pro-gram determines the measurement results for thefollowing parameters:– mean peak voltage (mean kVp)– maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp)– practical peak voltage (PPV)– half value layer (HVL)– tube voltage waveform– dose rate waveform.With the maximum sampling rate of 2 kHz, thememory depth (maximum measuring time) is3.2 seconds. When the memory is full, the subse-quent measured values will not be included in thedetermination of the measured value.NOTEIf all values measured over a long exposuretime are to be included in the determination ofthe measured value, make sure to set a match-ing sampling rate.Example:measurement over a total exposure time of10 seconds, with a radiation of 100 kV in thefirst 5 seconds and a radiation of 150 kV in thelast 5 seconds.At a sampling rate of 2 kHz, only the first3.2 seconds would be included in the measuredvalue and the kVp result would be 100 kV.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter60 D909.131.00/02 enDetermination of the measured dose quantities isindependent of the memory. The measured dosequantities are determined over the entire expo-sure time.Sensitivity Modes High and Heavily FilteredIn the sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered,the determination of the measured values is inde-pendent of the memory. The measured values aredetermined over the entire exposure time.The values of mean peak voltage (mean kVp),maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp), andpractical peak voltage (PPV) are identical.7.5 Saving MeasurementData• To save measurement data, clickthe Save button or select menuFile ? Save or ? Save as.? With menu File ? Save, you overwrite theopen file.? With menu File ? Save as, you create a newfile.• When creating a new file, enter a file name anddirectory in the standard Save dialog. You canoverwrite existing files or create new files.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX MultimeterD909.131.00/02 en 617.6 Loading StoredMeasurement Data• To load stored measurement data,click the Open button or select menuFile ? Open.• Select the file to open from the standard Opendialog.? NOMEX will check whether the application andthe measurement settings of the data to loadmatch the current settings.• If the application does not match, an appro-priate message will appear. Confirm the mes-sage with OK.? The file will be loaded, overwriting the currentlydisplayed measurement data. If the currentlydisplayed data were not yet saved, a messagewill appear and you can save them, if required.? In the main data window, either the currentmeasurement will be highlighted in the mea-suring table or the waveform graph of the cur-rent message will be displayed.? The measuring window will show the mea-sured values of the current measurement.• By clicking the Next button– the next measurement will be high-lighted in the measuring table orthe waveform graph of the nextmessage will be displayed in themain data window– the measuring window will showthe measured values of the nextmeasurement.• By clicking the Previous button– the previous measurement will behighlighted in the measuring tableor the waveform graph of the pre-vious message will be displayed inthe main data window– the measuring window will showthe measured values of the previ-ous measurement.• By clicking the Reset measurement orby changes in the menu Setup (Setupbutton) all measured values will be setto 0.NOMEXOperating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter62 D909.131.00/02 enOperational Readiness of the NOMEX Systemwhen Data are Loaded1. If the application of the loaded data doesnot match the current settings, the applicationshown in the status line of the measuring win-dow will be grayed out.? The current settings will be preserved andyou can still perform measurements withthese settings.? When you perform a new measurement,the currently displayed measurements willbe discarded and a new data set will becreated. If the currently displayed measure-ments were not yet saved, a message willappear and you can save them, if required.2. If the measurement settings of the loaded datado not completely match the current settings,the settings shown in the status line of themeasuring window will be grayed out.? The current settings will be preserved andyou can still perform measurements withthese settings.? When you perform a new measurement, itwill be appended to the currently displayedmeasurements.7.7 Deleting MeasurementData7.7.1 Deleting All MeasurementData• To remove all measurement data fromthe display, click the Delete measure-ments and reset display button.? The measurement data will be deleted rightaway without any further confirmation.? If the existing data are not yet saved, a warningwill appear and you can save them, if required.7.7.2 Deleting IndividualMeasurement Data• In the measuring table, click the measurementdata set(s) to delete.• Select menu Edit ? Delete selected measure-ments or context menu Delete selected mea-surements or press the Del key.? After confirmation of the prompt, the selecteddata will be removed from the measurementtable.• Save the changes as described in section 7.5"Saving Measurement Data".NOMEXOperating Manual - Exporting and Copying Measurement DataD909.131.00/02 en 638 Exporting and Copying Measurement Data8.1 Exporting MeasurementDataThe NOMEX software allows you to export themeasurement data in the CSV or XML format. ACSV file can be opened directly with a spread-sheet program, such as Microsoft Excel.NOTEWhen importing CSV files in Microsoft Excel,you may encounter the following problems:– The data are not properly left or right-justi-fied.Cause:Justification depends on the setting inMicrosoft Excel.– The decimal point or comma representationof decimal numbers is not correct.Cause:NOMEX exports the decimal point orcomma format as required by the selectedNOMEX language. Microsoft Excel, how-ever, uses the language of the operatingsystem.If possible, set NOMEX to the language ofthe operating system.8.1.1 Exporting All MeasurementData• Select menu File ? Export all.• In the standard Save as dialog, enter a filename and the directory and select the file for-mat. You can overwrite existing files or createnew files.? All measurement data are exported in the CSVor XML format.8.1.2 Exporting IndividualMeasurement Data setsCondition:The measuring table is displayed in the main datawindow.• In the measuring table, click the measurementdata sets to export.• To export the selected measurementdata sets, click the Export selectedmeasurements button.• In the standard Save as dialog, enter a filename and the directory and select the file for-mat. You can overwrite existing files or createnew files.? The selected measurement data sets areexported in the CSV or XML format.NOMEXOperating Manual - Exporting and Copying Measurement Data64 D909.131.00/02 en8.1.3 Exporting the DisplayedWaveformCondition:The waveform to export is displayed in the maindata window.• To export the selected waveform, clickthe Export waveform button or selectmenu File ? Export all.• In the standard Save as dialog, enter a filename and the directory and select the data for-mat. You can overwrite existing files or createnew files.• The measured values of the selected wave-form are exported in the CSV or XML format.8.2 Copying MeasurementDataThe NOMEX software allows you to copy mea-surement data to the clipboard. From the clip-board, the data can be pasted to another program(e.g., a spreadsheet program or an editor).NOTEWhen pasting data from the clipboard toMicrosoft Excel, you may encounter the follow-ing problems:– The data are not properly left or right-justi-fied.Cause:Justification depends on the setting inMicrosoft Excel.– The decimal point or comma representationof decimal numbers is not correct.Cause:NOMEX exports the decimal point orcomma format as required by the selectedNOMEX language. Microsoft Excel, how-ever, uses the language of the operatingsystem.If possible, set NOMEX to the language ofthe operating system.NOMEXOperating Manual - Exporting and Copying Measurement DataD909.131.00/02 en 658.2.1 Copying Individual MeasuredValuesCondition:The measuring table is displayed in the main datawindow.• In the measuring table, click the measured val-ues to copy.• To copy the selected measure-ment data sets, click the Copyselected values button or select menuEdit ? Copy selected values.? The selected measured values are copied tothe clipboard.8.2.2 Copying the Measured Valuesof the Displayed WaveformCondition:The waveform to copy is displayed in the maindata window.• To copy the selected waveform, clickthe Copy waveform data button orselect menu Edit ? Copy waveformdata.? The measured values of the selected wave-form are copied to the clipboard.8.2.3 Copying the MeasuringWindow• Click the Copy measuring windowbutton.? The content of the measuring window (mea-surement data or menu) is copied to the clip-board.NOMEXOperating Manual - Printing Measurement Data66 D909.131.00/02 en9 Printing Measurement DataNOTETo ensure that Japanese, Chinese, and Russ-ian characters are properly printed, MicrosoftExcel must be installed on the PC (seesection 2.1 "Minimum Hardware Require-ments").• To print the measurement data, select menuFile ? Print.• To obtain a preview of the measurement data,select menu File ? Print preview.? The Print dialog will be displayed:Figure 22: Print dialog (e.g., for the print pre-view)• Enter the administrative data for the printout orthe print preview.• Select the output format for the printout or thepreview from the list box.NOTEIf you select an output format for which no appli-cation is installed on the PC (e. g., output for-mat PDF and Adobe Reader is not installed),the print preview will not be shown.NOTEAfter viewing the print preview with AdobeReader, you must close Adobe Reader or thedocument. Otherwise, an error message will bedisplayed when you are trying to view the nextprint preview because the document that is tobe displayed is already open.• To define the page layout, click the Page set-tings... button.• Click the Print button to print the data or clickthe Print preview button to display the print pre-view.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Software OptionsD909.131.00/02 en 6710 NOMEX Software OptionsSelect the Options menu to display the Optionsdialog.The Options dialog comprises four tabs for the fol-lowing topics:– Displayed values:selection of the values to be displayed in themeasuring window for the currently selectedapplication– Demo mode:selection of the simulation mode– Graphic:options for the storage of the waveforms– Table:options for the measuring tableWith the Reset button you restore the default set-tings of the currently displayed tab.10.1 Selecting the DisplayedValuesFigure 23: Options dialog - Displayed values tabOn the Displayed values tab, you can select thevalues to be displayed on the measuring window.The choices depend on the selected application.The window on the left shows the currently dis-played values, the window on the right shows thevalues not currently displayed.Use the buttons between the two windows tomove the values and to determine their order.Click to move the value selected in theright window to the left window.Click to move the value selected in theleft window to the right window.Click to move the selected value up.Click to move the selected value down.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Software Options68 D909.131.00/02 en10.2 Demo ModeFigure 24: Options dialog - Demo mode tabOn the Demo mode tab, you will find the followingoptions:You can choose to activate the demo modewhen no NOMEX multimeter is connected. Indemo mode, there is no communication with theNOMEX multimeter. The NOMEX software simu-lates the measurement.You can choose to simulate a legally calibratedapplication of the NOMEX multimeter.10.3 Waveform StorageOptionsFigure 25: Options dialog - Graphic tabOn the Graphic tab, you can choose the waveformdata to be stored: tube voltage waveform or doserate waveform or both waveforms.NOMEXOperating Manual - NOMEX Software OptionsD909.131.00/02 en 6910.4 Measuring Table OptionsFigure 26: Options dialog - Table tabOn the Table tab, you will find the followingoptions:In the Value presentation pane, you determine thedisplay format of values as they are shown in themeasuring table:– Presentation in technical notation– Presentation with unit prefixIn the Row header pane, you determine the rowheader format that is used in the measuring table:– Number of the measurement– Date of the measurement.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements70 D909.131.00/02 en11 Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements11.1 Error Messages11.1.1 Error Messages of theMeasured QuantitiesIf an error occurs during the measurement or eval-uation of the measurement data, the informationicon and one or several appropriate error mes-sages will be displayed in the status line of themeasuring window. If required, the error mes-sages will be abbreviated.If the determination of the measured values isnot possible for specific measured quantities, themeasured values of the quantities concerned willbe replaced by "---".Example:The exposure time is too short.Figure 27: Measuring window with an errormessage when the measured valuescannot be determinedBy clicking the status line, a dialog will be dis-played showing the complete error messages andtroubleshooting tips:Figure 28: Dialog with error message and trou-bleshooting tipThe dialog will be removed when– you click the OK button– you click the Reset button– radiation is detectedThe table below lists all the measured quantitiesaffected by an error.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous MeasurementsD909.131.00/02 en 71Message Measured quantities Cause RemedyReduced dose accu-racyDose rateDoseDose per pulseReduced dose accu-racy, measuring error= 5 %Repeat the measurement.Increase the dose rate on theX-ray unit.Reduce the distance.Manually set the total filtrationin the Measurement menu.Short exposure timedetectedDose rateDoseDose per pulseThe exposure timeis too short for therequired adapta-tion of the measur-ing range (refer alsoto section 7.3.5.1"Measurements withVery Short ExposureTimes").Repeat the measurement.Low dose ratedetectedDose rateDoseDose per pulseNOMEX is in a highmeasuring range (referalso to section 7.3.5.1"Measurements withVery Short ExposureTimes"). The dose rateis too low for this mea-suring range.Repeat the measurement.Dose rate too highDose measuringrange exceededDose rateDoseDose per pulseTube voltagemeasuring rangeexceededTube voltageTotal filtrationHalf value layerThe electronic mea-suring system is out ofrange.Reduce the dose rate on theX-ray unit.Increase the distance.Reduce the tube voltage ortube current.Dose rate too low Dose rateDoseDose per pulseInsufficient kV signal Tube voltageTotal filtrationHalf value layerThe electronic mea-suring system is out ofrange.Increase the dose rate on theX-ray unit.Reduce the distance.Increase the tube voltage ortube current.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements72 D909.131.00/02 enMessage Measured quantities Cause RemedyUnknown radiationqualityThe radiation qualitycannot be determined.Manually set the total filtrationin the Measurement menu.Tube voltage toohighThe tube voltage is toohigh.Reduce the tube voltage.Select kV auto-ranging.Tube voltage too low The tube voltage is toosmall.Increase the tube voltage.Select kV auto-ranging.Exposure time tooshortTube voltageTotal filtrationHalf value layerThe exposure time istoo short.Reduce the start delay orincrease the exposure time.Wrong application orradiation qualityDose rateDoseDose per pulseTube voltageTotal filtrationHalf value layerThe set applicationdoes not match thepresent radiation qual-ity.Set the correct application andradiation quality in the Mea-surement menu.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous MeasurementsD909.131.00/02 en 7311.1.2 Other Error MessagesAll other error messages are displayed in a sepa-rate window as shown in the examples below:Figure 29: Error message not requiring any con-firmationFigure 30: Error message requiring confirmationThe other error messages are composed of thesecomponents:– Icon indicating the severity of the fault (forexplanation of the icons, refer to section 5.2.5"Explanation of Warning and Error Icons")– Error text– OK button to confirm the error message (notfor all error messages)If one of the subsequent error messages is per-manently displayed or recurs after you haveclicked the OK button, proceed as follows:• Switch the NOMEX multimeter off and onagain by removing and reconnecting the USBcable.? If the error message recurs immediately orafter the next measurement, please contactthe PTW Customer Service.Error text Icon LED Confirmation RemedyZeroing failedIncrease stop delayDo not irradiate NOMEXno The error message disappearsautomatically.Increase the stop delay.Do not irradiate NOMEX duringzero adjustment.Offset values corruptedRecalculating offset values...blinking red with OK but-tonNOMEX has identified corruptedoffset values. After confirmationwith the OK button, the offset val-ues will be recalculated.Device dataset corruptedReset to factory defaultblinking red with OK but-tonNOMEX has identified a cor-rupted device data set. After con-firmation with the OK button, thedevice data set will be reset tothe default values.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements74 D909.131.00/02 enError text Icon LED Confirmation RemedySoftware dataset corruptedReset to factory defaultblinking red with OK but-tonNOMEX has identified a cor-rupted software data set. Afterconfirmation with the OK button,the software data set will be resetto the default values.Communication error E;xx no Proceed as described above.Fatal error:0x1Send NOMEX to PTWblinking red no The device cannot be used anymore.Please contact PTW CustomerService.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous MeasurementsD909.131.00/02 en 7511.2 Erroneous MeasurementsProblem Cause RemedyThe measured tube voltagewas higher than expected.When performing measurementson systems, excessive tube volt-ages may occur at the begin-ning of the exposure. Since theNOMEX multimeter measures thepeak voltage, this peak value willbe indicated.Using the start delay adjustment of theMeasurement menu, these start-up over-shoots can be excluded. The NOMEXmultimeter will start saving the tube volt-age values only after the start delay haselapsed.The actual total filtration is dif-ferent from the setting on theNOMEX multimeter.Compare the NOMEX multimeter filtersetting with the filtration on the X-ray unitand correct it if necessary.An X-ray tube's roughness may increasewith age and utilization. This leads toadditional filtration that must be takeninto account when setting the total filtra-tion at the NOMEX multimeter.The NOMEX multimeter is capable ofautomatically determining the total filtra-tion. This eliminates the need for manualadjustments.NOTE:The parameter set on the NOMEX multi-meter is total filtration, not the half valuelayer.The wrong calculation is beinganalyzed. For example, a peakvoltage is compared with a PPVcalculation.Using three different computation meth-ods, the NOMEX multimeter determinesthree kV results: kVpmax, kVpmean andPPV.(After a measurement, you can readthem on the measuring window byrepeatedly clicking the measured quan-tity.)The measured tube voltagewas higher or smaller thanexpected.Compared with the start delay,the exposure time is too short. Afalling edge is being analyzed.Reduce the start delay or set it to zeroto allow the entire exposure time to beanalyzed.NOMEXOperating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements76 D909.131.00/02 enProblem Cause RemedyThe measured tube volt-age was smaller thanexpected.The sensitivity mode High is set.Thus, a mean tube voltage willbe determined that is lower thankVmax. The measured values forkVpmax, kVpmean and PPV are iden-tical.Set the sensitivity mode Normal.The sensitivity mode High is intendedfor measuring low dose rates at DC/HFtube voltages. The recommended mini-mum measuring time is 5 seconds.– The measurementexhibits an extreme fieldsize dependence.– The measured tube volt-age was higher orsmaller than expected.– The measured valuesshown are comple