Sigma - Model 1-16 - Unrefrigerated Microcentrifuge - Manual

Translation of the original operating manual sb Version 04/2007 Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 Sigma 2-6; ; Sigma 2-6 from serial no. 119120 Laboratory Centrifuge Operating Manual Please retain for later use Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 2 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 3 Translation of the original operating manual In case of inquiries, please state the following numbers: Order number: Serial number: © Copyright by Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH An der Unteren Söse 50 37520 Osterode am Harz Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 5522 / 5007-0 Fax: +49 (0) 5522 / 5007-12 Web: www.sigma-zentrifugen.de E-mail: info@sigma-zentrifugen.de Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 4 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 Table of contents Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 5 Translation of the original operating manual 1 General information ............................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Importance of the operating manual .................................................................................. 9 1.2 Intended use ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Warranty and liability ......................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Copyright ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.5 Standards and regulations .............................................................................................. 10 1.6 Scope of supply .............................................................................................................. 10 2 Layout and mode of operation .......................................................................................... 11 2.1 Layout of the centrifuge .................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1 Functional and operating elements ............................................................................ 11 2.1.2 Name plate ................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Mode of operation ........................................................................................................... 13 2.2.1 Centrifugation principle .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Area of application ..................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force ...................................................... 14 2.2.2.2 Density ............................................................................................................... 14 3 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Marking of the unit .......................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes ............................................................................. 16 3.3 Responsibility of the operator .......................................................................................... 17 3.4 Operating personnel ....................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Informal safety instructions ............................................................................................. 17 3.6 Safety instructions........................................................................................................... 18 3.6.1 Electrical safety ......................................................................................................... 18 3.6.2 Mechanical safety ...................................................................................................... 18 3.6.3 Fire prevention ........................................................................................................... 19 3.6.4 Chemical and biological safety................................................................................... 19 3.6.5 Safety instructions for centrifugation .......................................................................... 20 3.6.6 Resistance of plastics ................................................................................................ 20 3.6.7 Service life of rotors and accessories......................................................................... 21 3.7 Safety devices ................................................................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Lid lock device ........................................................................................................... 22 3.7.2 Standstill monitoring system ...................................................................................... 22 3.7.3 System check ............................................................................................................ 22 3.7.4 Earth conductor check ............................................................................................... 22 3.7.5 Imbalance monitoring system .................................................................................... 22 3.8 Measures in the event of hazards and accidents ............................................................ 23 3.9 Remaining hazards ......................................................................................................... 23 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 Table of contents 6 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual 4 Storage and transport ....................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Dimensions and weight ................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Storage conditions .......................................................................................................... 24 4.3 Notes on transport .......................................................................................................... 24 4.4 Packaging ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.5 Transport safety device ................................................................................................... 25 5 Set-up and connection ...................................................................................................... 26 5.1 Installation site ................................................................................................................ 26 5.2 Power supply .................................................................................................................. 26 5.2.1 Type of connection .................................................................................................... 26 5.2.2 Customer-provided fuses ........................................................................................... 26 6 Using the centrifuge .......................................................................................................... 27 6.1 Initial start-up .................................................................................................................. 27 6.2 Switching the centrifuge on ............................................................................................. 27 6.2.1 Opening and closing the lid ........................................................................................ 27 6.2.2 Installation of rotors and accessories ......................................................................... 27 6.2.2.1 Installation of the rotor ........................................................................................ 27 6.2.2.2 Installation of accessories .................................................................................. 28 6.2.2.3 Adapters ............................................................................................................ 30 6.2.2.4 Tubes ................................................................................................................. 30 6.3 Control system "Spincontrol Easy" .................................................................................. 31 6.3.1 User interface ............................................................................................................ 31 6.3.2 Manual mode ............................................................................................................. 32 6.3.2.1 Starting a centrifugation run ............................................................................... 32 6.3.2.2 Interrupting a centrifugation run ......................................................................... 32 6.3.2.3 Interrupting a deceleration process .................................................................... 32 6.3.2.4 Selection, display, and modification of data ........................................................ 32 6.3.2.5 Runtime ............................................................................................................. 32 6.3.2.6 Speed / relative centrifugal force (RCF) ............................................................. 34 6.3.2.7 Rotor selection ................................................................................................... 35 6.3.2.8 Softstart and softstop function ............................................................................ 35 6.3.2.9 Automatic lid opening function ("Auto-Lid-Open") ............................................... 35 6.3.2.10 Sound signal ("Buzzer") ..................................................................................... 36 6.3.2.11 Input lock ........................................................................................................... 36 6.3.3 Programs ................................................................................................................... 37 6.3.3.1 Saving the current settings ................................................................................. 37 6.3.3.2 Calling up stored programs ................................................................................ 37 6.4 Switching the centrifuge off ............................................................................................. 37 7 Malfunctions and error correction .................................................................................... 38 7.1 General malfunctions ...................................................................................................... 38 7.1.1 Emergency lid release ............................................................................................... 39 7.2 Table of error codes ........................................................................................................ 40 7.3 Service contact ............................................................................................................... 41 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 Table of contents Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 7 Translation of the original operating manual 8 Maintenance and service................................................................................................... 42 8.1 Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 42 8.1.1 Centrifuge .................................................................................................................. 42 8.1.2 Accessories ............................................................................................................... 43 8.1.2.1 Plastic accessories ............................................................................................ 43 8.1.3 Rotors, buckets and carriers ...................................................................................... 44 8.1.4 Load bearing bolts ..................................................................................................... 44 8.1.5 Glass breakage ......................................................................................................... 45 8.2 Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber and accessories ................................ 45 8.2.1 Autoclaving ................................................................................................................ 46 8.3 Service............................................................................................................................ 47 8.4 Return of defective parts ................................................................................................. 48 9 Disposal .............................................................................................................................. 49 9.1 Disposal of the centrifuge................................................................................................ 49 9.2 Disposal of the packaging ............................................................................................... 49 10 Technical data .................................................................................................................... 50 10.1 Ambient conditions.......................................................................................................... 50 10.2 Technical documentation ................................................................................................ 51 11 Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 52 11.1 Range of accessories ..................................................................................................... 52 11.1.1 Maximum speed for tubes .......................................................................................... 54 11.1.2 Rotor radii .................................................................................................................. 54 11.2 Speed-gravitational-field-diagram ................................................................................... 55 11.3 Table of the service life of rotors and accessories ........................................................... 56 11.4 Resistance data .............................................................................................................. 57 11.5 EC declaration of conformity ........................................................................................... 61 12 Index ................................................................................................................................... 63 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 Table of contents 8 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 1 General information Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 9 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 1 /1 00 Sig ma/ 100 BA Zent rifug en (Stan dar dmo dule )/01 0 Allge meine Inf orm ation en0 10 Allgem eine I nfo rma tione n = == == === == == === == == === == == === == == == = @ 2 6\\m od_ 140 5318 948 131 _68. docx @ 19 168 0 @ 1 @ 1 1 General information Pos: 2 /1 00 Sig ma/ 100 BA Zent rifug en (Stan dar dmo dule )/01 0 Allge meine Inf orm ation en0 10- 001 0 Stell enwe rt d er Bet riebs anleit ung --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- - @ 2 6\\m od_ 140 531 894 996 2_68 .docx @ 1 916 94 @ 2 @ 1 1.1 Importance of the operating manual A fundamental requirement for the safe and trouble-free operation of the centrifuge is to be familiar with the fundamental safety instructions and all possible hazards. The operating manual includes important information concerning the safe operation of the centrifuge. This operating manual and, in particular, the notes on safety and hazards must be observed by all persons operating the centrifuge. In addition, the local rules and regulations for the prevention of accidents must be complied with. Pos: 3 /0 10 U nivers almo dule/ Lee rzeile @ 0\\ mod _12 021 162 445 00_ 0.docx @ 1 14 @ @ 1 Pos: 4 /1 00 Sig ma/ 100 BA Zent rifug en (Stan dar dmo dule )/01 0 Allge meine Inf orm ation en0 10- 002 0 Bes timm ungs ge mäße Verw end ung --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- -- @ 26\\ mod _14 053 189 5131 2_6 8.d ocx @ 191 709 @ 2 @ 1 o 1.2 Intended use Centrifuges are power-driven machines that separate liquids from solid matter, liquid mixtures, or solid mixtures by centrifugal force. They are solely intended for this purpose. Any other use beyond this area of application is regarded as improper use. Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH cannot be held liable for any damage resulting from such improper use. The intended use also includes • observation of all the notes and instructions included in the operating manual and • compliance with the care, cleaning, and maintenance instructions. Pos: 5 /0 10 U nivers almo dule/ Lee rzeile @ 0\\ mod _12 021 162 445 00_ 0.docx @ 1 14 @ @ 1 Pos: 6 /1 00 Sig ma/ 100 BA Zent rifug en (Stan dar dmo dule )/01 0 Allge meine Inf orm ation en0 10- 003 0 G ewäh rleistu ng und H aftu ng- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- @ 2 6\\mo d_1 405 318 955 234 _68. docx @ 19 173 7 @ 2 @ 1 o 1.3 Warranty and liability The warranty and liability are subject to our "General Conditions" that were distributed to the operator upon the conclusion of the contract. Warranty and liability claims are excluded if they are due to: • improper use. • non-compliance with the safety instructions and hazard warnings in the operating manual. • improper installation, start-up, operation, or maintenance of the centrifuge. Pos: 7 /0 10 U nivers almo dule/S eitenw echsel @ 0\\ mod _12 021 162 443 12_0 .docx @ 1 05 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 1 General information 10 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 8 /1 00 Sig ma/ 100 BA Zent rifug en (Stan dar dmo dule )/01 0 Allge meine Inf orm ation en0 10- 004 0 U rhe ber recht -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- - @ 26\\m od_ 140 531 895 685 8_6 8.docx @ 1 917 51 @ 2 @ 1 o 1.4 Copyright The copyright concerning the operating manual remains with Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH. The operating manual is solely intended for the operator and their personnel. It includes instructions and information that must not be • duplicated, • distributed, or • communicated in any other way. Non-compliance may be prosecuted under criminal law. Pos: 9 /0 10 U nivers almo dule/ Lee rzeile @ 0\\ mod _12 021 162 445 00_ 0.docx @ 1 14 @ @ 1 Pos: 10 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 10 Allge mein e In for matio nen 010 -00 50 Nor men und Vorsc hrifte n- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- - @ 26\\ mod_ 140 531 895 820 2_6 8.doc x @ 1 917 65 @ 2 @ 1 o 1.5 Standards and regulations EC Declaration of Conformity (see chapter 11.5 - "EC declaration of conformity") Pos: 11 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 12 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 10 Allge mein e In for matio nen 010 -00 60 Liefe rum fan g 2- 6 @ 29\\m od_ 140 532 116 606 5_6 8.docx @ 1 962 45 @ 2 @ 1 1.6 Scope of supply The centrifuge comprises: • 1 rotor wrench Part no. 930 050 • 1 tube of grease for load bearing bolts Part no. 70 284 • 1 bottle of slushing oil Part no. 70 104 • 1 connection cable depending on the voltage variant • Spare fuses Part no. 70 149 for 220-240 V Part no. 70 102 for 100-120 V Documentation Operating manual incl.EC declaration of conformity Accessories According to your order, our order confirmation, and your delivery note. Pos: 13 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Absch nittswec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 212 451 406 2_0. docx @ 41 8 @ @ 1 Pos: 14 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 2 Layout and mode of operation Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 11 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 15 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e== == == === == == === == == == === == == === == @ 26 \\mo d_1 405 318 981 820_ 68. docx @ 19 177 9 @ 1 @ 1 o 2 Layout and mode of operation Pos: 16 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 010 Aufb au d er Zen trifu ge- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- @ 26 \\mo d_1 405 3189 829 45_ 68.d ocx @ 191 793 @ 2 @ 1 o 2.1 Layout of the centrifuge Pos: 17 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 20 Auf bau un d Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 010 -00 10 Funk tions - un d Bedie nele men te 2 -6_ 2-6E @ 29 \\mo d_1 405 321 1767 04_ 68. docx @ 196 273 @ 3 @ 1 2.1.1 Functional and operating elements 1? Lid 2? User interface (see chapter 6.3.1 - "User interface") 3? Mains switch Fig. 1: Total view of the centrifuge 4 Name plate (see chapter 2.1.2 - "Name plate") 5 Equipotential bonding screw 6 Mains power input Fig. 2: Rear view of the centrifuge Pos: 18 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 2 Layout and mode of operation 12 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 19 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 20 Auf bau un d Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 010 -00 20 Type nschild 2-6 @ 2 9\\m od_ 140 5321 177 579 _68. docx @ 19 628 7 @ 3 @ 1 2.1.2 Name plate 1? Manufacturer and registered office 2? Type 3? Serial number 4? Max. speed 5? Max. kinetic energy 6? Max.density 7? Nominal voltage 8? Input fuse 9? Symbol for special disposal (see chapter 9 - "Disposal") 10? CE mark in compliance with the directive 2006/42/EC 11? Part number 12? Year of manufacture 13? Power consumption Fig. 3: Example of a name plate Pos: 20 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 2 Layout and mode of operation Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 13 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 21 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 020 Wirku ngsweis e- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- @ 26 \\mo d_1 405 318 9841 94_ 68. docx @ 19 1807 @ 2 @ 1 o 2.2 Mode of operation Pos: 22 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 020 -00 10 P rinzip der Ze ntrif ugati on @ 26\\ mod _14 053 189 854 48_6 8.d ocx @ 191 821 @ 3 @ 1 o 2.2.1 Centrifugation principle Centrifugation is a process for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures of substances (suspensions, emulsions, or gas mixtures) into their components. The mixture of substances, which rotates on a circular path, is subject to centripetal acceleration that is several times greater than the gravitational acceleration. Centrifuges use the mass inertia inside the rotor chamber for separating the substances. Due to their higher inertia, particles or media with a higher density travel outwards. In doing so, they displace the components with a lower density, which in turn travel towards the centre. The centripetal acceleration of an object inside a centrifuge, as the effect of centripetal force, depends on the distance between the object and the axis of rotation as well as on the angular velocity. It increases linearly as a function of the distance with regard to the axis of rotation and quadratically as a function of the angular velocity. The bigger the radius in the rotor chamber is and the higher the speed is, the higher the centripetal acceleration is. However, the forces acting on the rotor also increase. Pos: 23 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 24 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 020 -00 20 An wend ungs be reich @ 26\\ mo d_1 4053 189 867 63_ 68.d ocx @ 191 835 @ 3 @ 1 Daso 2.2.2 Area of application Depending on the area of application of the centrifuge and also on the particle size, solids content, and volume throughput of the mixture of substances that is to be centrifuged, there are different types of centrifuges. The areas of application go from household use as a salad spinner or honey separator up to specialised technical applications in the clinical, biological, or biochemical context: • For numerous clinical examinations, cellular material must be separated from the liquid to be analysed. The normal separation process can be sped up considerably by using laboratory centrifuges. • In the metal-working industry, centrifuges are used for separating oil from metal cuttings. Dairies use centrifuges in order to separate cow’s milk into cream and low-fat milk. • Particularly big centrifuges are used in the sugar industry for separating the syrup from the crystalline sugar. • Ultracentrifuges are predominantly used in biology and biochemistry in order to isolate particles, e.g. viruses. They are specifically designed for high speeds up to 500,000 rpm. The rotor moves in a vacuum in order to avoid air friction. Pos: 25 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 2 Layout and mode of operation 14 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 26 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 020 -00 20- 001 0 Dr ehza hl, Ra dius, R elative Ze ntrif ugal beschl eunig ung @ 2 6\\m od_1 405 318 988 082 _68. docx @ 19 184 9 @ 4 @ 1 o 2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force The acceleration g, which the samples are subject to, can be increased by increasing the radius in the rotor chamber and by increasing the speed. These three parameters are interdependent and linked with each other via the following formula: Relative centrifugal force RCF = 11.18 x 10-6 x r x n2 r = radius in cm n = speed in rpm RCF without any dimension If two values are entered, the third value is determined by way of the stated formula. If, afterwards, the speed or the radius is changed, the resulting relative centrifugal force will be recalculated automatically by the control unit. If the RCF is changed, the speed will be adapted while the specified radius is maintained. The speed-gravitational-field-diagram provides an overview of the relationship between speed, radius, and RCF (see chapter 11.2 - "Speed-gravitational-field-diagram"). Pos: 27 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 28 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 20 Auf bau und Wirku ngsweis e02 0-0 020 -00 20- 002 0 Dich te @ 26\\ mod _14 053 1898 935 9_6 8.do cx @ 1918 63 @ 4 @ 1 o 2.2.2.2 Density The laboratory centrifuge is suitable for the separation of constituents of different densities in mixtures with a maximum density of 1.2 g/cm3. All information concerning the speed of rotors and accessories refers to liquids with a density corresponding to this specification. If the density is above this value, the maximum permissible speed of the centrifuge must be reduced based on the following formula: n = nmax x )/2,1( Rho Rho = density in g/cm3 Pos: 29 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Absch nittswec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 212 451 406 2_0. docx @ 41 8 @ @ 1 Pos: 30 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 15 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 31 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0 Sich erh eit= === == == === == == === == == === == == == === == == = @ 2 6\\m od_ 140 531 9007 254 _68 .docx @ 1 9187 7 @ 1 @ 1 o 3 Safety Pos: 32 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 010 Beschil der ung des G erä ts @ 30\\ mod_ 140 540 400 247 7_6 8.doc x @ 2 039 21 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.1 Marking of the unit The following symbols are used for all types of centrifuges manufactured by Sigma: Dangerous voltage I On (Power) Hot surface 0 Off (Power) Caution Risk of bruising Name plate (see chapter 2.1.2 - "Name plate") Protective earth (ground) CE mark in compliance with the directive 2006/42/EC Earth (ground) Do not dispose as part of domestic waste Unplug the mains plug GS mark (tested safety; only for Germany) Arrow indicating the direction of rotation NRTL mark (only for the USA and Canada) 4°C Guarantee Rotor loading information (see chapter 6.2.2.2 - "Installation of accessories") Centrifuge with heating system Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety 16 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual NOTE Safety indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable at all times. If necessary, they must be replaced. NOTE Not all of the symbols/labels are used for this centrifuge type. Pos: 33 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 34 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 020 Symb ol- und Hi nweise rklär ung en @ 26\\ mod _14 053 190 1395 5_6 8.d ocx @ 191 947 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes SIGMA operating manuals use the following names and symbols to indicate hazards: DANGER This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons. Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to life-endangering injuries. DANGER This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons due to electrical voltage. Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to life-endangering injuries. WARNING This symbol stands for a potential hazard to the life and health of persons. Non-observance of these symbols can cause serious health problems up to life-endangering injuries. WARNING This symbol stands for a potential hazard to the life and health of persons due to biological substances. Non-observance of these symbols can cause serious health problems up to life-endangering injuries. CAUTION This symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation Non-observance of these notes can cause minor injuries or damage to property. NOTE This symbol indicates important information. Pos: 35 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 17 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 36 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 030 Ver antwo rtu ng d es Bet reibe rs @ 26\\ mod _14 053 190 1536 4_6 8.d ocx @ 1919 61 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.3 Responsibility of the operator The operator is responsible for authorising only qualified personnel to work on the centrifuge (see chapter 3.4 - "Operating personnel"). The areas of responsibility of the personnel concerning the operation, maintenance, and care of the unit must be clearly defined. The safety-conscious work of the personnel in compliance with the operating manual and the relevant EC and national health and safety regulations as well as with the accident prevention regulations must be checked at regular intervals (e.g. every month). Under the international rules for health and safety at work, the operator is obliged to: • take measures in order to prevent all danger to life or health during work. • ensure that centrifuges are operated properly and entirely as intended (see chapter 1.2 - "Intended use"). • take protective measures against fire and explosion when working with hazardous substances. • take measures for the safe opening of centrifuges. Pos: 37 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 38 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 040 Bedie npe rson al @ 26\\ mod_ 140 531 901 763 4_6 8.doc x @ 1 919 89 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.4 Operating personnel Persons operating the unit must • be familiar with the fundamental regulations concerning workplace safety and accident prevention • have read and understood this operating manual (and in particular the safety sections and warning notes) and confirmed this with their signature. Pos: 39 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 40 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 050 Inf or melle Sich erh eitshinw eise @ 26\\ mod _14 053 190 199 66_ 68.d ocx @ 192 017 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.5 Informal safety instructions • This operating manual is a part of the product. • The operating manual must be kept at the location of use of the centrifuge. Ensure that it is accessible at all times. • The operating manual must be handed over to any subsequent owner or operator of the centrifuge. • Any changes made must be added to the operating manual. • In addition to the operating manual, the general and local rules and regulations concerning the prevention of accidents and the protection of the environment must also be supplied. • Safety and danger indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable at all times. If necessary, they must be replaced. Pos: 41 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety 18 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 42 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 Siche rheits hinweis e-- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- @ 26 \\mo d_1 405 319 0214 80_ 68. docx @ 19 2031 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.6 Safety instructions Pos: 43 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 10 Ele ktrisch e Siche rheit @ 2 6\\m od_ 140 5319 022 891 _68. docx @ 19 204 5 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.1 Electrical safety To reduce the risk of electrical shock, the centrifuge uses a three-wire electrical cord and plug to connect the equipment to earth-ground. To preserve this safety feature: DANGER • Ensure that the wall socket is properly wired and grounded. • Check that the mains voltage agrees with the nominal voltage listed on the name plate. • Do not place vessels containing liquid on the centrifuge lid or within the safety distance of 30 cm around the centrifuge. Spilled liquids may get into the centrifuge and damage electrical or mechanical components. • Work on the power supply system must only be performed by certified electricians. • Inspect the electrical equipment of the unit regularly. Defects such as loose or burnt cables must be eliminated immediately. Pos: 44 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 45 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 20 Mec hanisc he Sich erh eit ( außer 1-1 6/1- 16K) @ 26 \\mo d_1 405 319 0243 14_ 68. docx @ 19 2059 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.2 Mechanical safety In order to ensure the safe operation of the centrifuge, observe the following: WARNING • Do not open the lid when the rotor is in motion • Do not reach into the rotor chamber when the rotor is in motion • Do not use the centrifuge if it was installed incorrectly. • Do not use the centrifuge without panels. • Do not use the centrifuge if the rotors and inserts show signs of corrosion or other defects. • Only use the centrifuge with rotors and accessories that have been approved by the manufacturer. In case of doubt, contact the manufacturer (see chapter 7.3 - "Service contact"). • Do not hold your fingers between the lid and the housing when closing the lid. Risk of crushing • Defective lid relieving devices could cause the centrifuge lid to fall (contact the service department, if necessary). Risk of crushing • Do not hit or move the centrifuge during its operation. • Do not lean against or rest on the centrifuge during its operation. • Do not spin any substances that could damage the material of the rotors and buckets of the centrifuge in any way. Highly corrosive substances, for example, damage the material and affect the mechanical strength of the rotors and buckets. • Stop the centrifuge immediately in the event of a malfunction. Eliminate the malfunction (see chapter 7 - "Malfunctions and error correction") or inform the service department of Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH (see chapter 7.3 - "Service contact"). • Ensure that all repairs are performed only by authorised and specialised personnel. Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 19 Translation of the original operating manual WARNING • Prior to any start-up, check the centrifuge, rotor, and accessories for signs of damage that can be discerned from the outside. Special attention must be paid to all of the rubber parts (e.g. motor cover, lid seal, and adapters) in terms of visible structural changes. Defective parts must be replaced immediately. • Open the centrifuge when it is not in use so that moisture can evaporate. Pos: 46 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 47 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 31 B ran dschu tz Wechs elsiche run gen @ 2 6\\m od_ 1405 319 027 110 _68. docx @ 19 208 7 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.3 Fire prevention DANGER • Always use fuses with the same type and rating specified. • Do not spin explosive or inflammable substances. • Do not use the centrifuge within hazardous locations. Pos: 48 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 49 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 40 C he mische und biolo gische Sicher heit @ 26\\ mo d_14 053 190 281 41_ 68.d ocx @ 192 101 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.4 Chemical and biological safety If pathogenic, toxic, or radioactive samples are intended to be used in the centrifuge, it is in the responsibility of the user to ensure that all necessary safety regulations, guidelines, precautions, and practices are adhered to accordingly. DANGER • Infectious, toxic, pathogenic, and radioactive substances may only be used in special, certified containment systems with a bio-seal in order to prevent the material from being released. • Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is a risk of toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic contamination • Materials that chemically react with each other with a high level of energy are prohibited. WARNING • Keep informed about local measures to avoid harmful emissions (depending on the substances to be centrifuged). • Protective clothing is not required for the operation of the centrifuge. The materials to be centrifuged may, however, require special safety measures (e.g. centrifugation of infectious, toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic substances). Pos: 50 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety 20 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 51 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 50 Sic her heitshi nweise zur Ze ntrifu gati on @ 26\\ mod _14 0531 902 963 2_6 8.do cx @ 1 921 15 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.5 Safety instructions for centrifugation For safe operation, observe the following before starting the centrifuge: WARNING • Ensure that the centrifuge was set up properly (see chapter 5 - "Set-up and connection"). • Maintain a safety distance of at least 30 cm (12 inches) around the centrifuge. • Do not store any dangerous goods in the centrifuge area. • Do not stay in the safety area longer than what is absolutely necessary for the operation of the centrifuge. • Only use the centrifuge with rotors and accessories that have been approved by the manufacturer. We explicitly warn against the use of equipment of poor quality. Breaking glass or bursting vessels can cause dangerous imbalances at high speeds • Ensure that rotor and buckets are correctly fitted (see chapter 6.2.2.1 - "Installation of the rotor"). • Observe the instructions on the installation of accessories (see chapter 6.2.2.2 - "Installation of accessories"). WARNING • The rotor must be loaded symmetrically at equal weights. • If liquids with a density > 1.2 g/cm3 are used, reduce the speed (see chapter 2.2.2.2 - "Density"). • Do not use the centrifuge if the rotor is loaded asymmetrically. • Do not use the centrifuge with tubes that are excessively long. Pos: 52 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 53 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 60 B estän digkeit von K unstst offe n @ 26\\m od_ 140 531 903 116 1_68 .docx @ 1 921 29 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.6.6 Resistance of plastics Chemical influences have a strong effect on the polymeric chains of plastics, and, therefore, on their physical properties. Plastic parts can be damaged if solvents, acids, or alkaline solutions are used. NOTE • Refer to the resistance data (see chapter 11.4 - "Resistance data") Pos: 54 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 21 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 55 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 060 -00 70 Leb ensd aue r vo n Rot ore n un d Zube hör @ 2 6\\m od_1 405 319 032 612 _68. docx @ 19 214 3 @ 3 @ 1 3.6.7 Service life of rotors and accessories The rotors and accessories have a limited service life. WARNING • Perform regular checks (at least once per month) for safety reasons • Pay special attention to changes, such as corrosion, cracks, material abrasion, etc. • After 10 years, they must be inspected by the manufacturer. • After 50,000 cycles, the rotor must be scrapped for reasons of safety. • If other data concerning the service life are engraved on the rotor or bucket, these data shall apply accordingly. For example, a bucket with the engraving “max. cycles = 10,000” has a service life of 10,000 cycles, and a rotor with the engraving “Exp. date 02/15” must be scrapped in February 2015 at the latest (see figure). Fig. 4: Different service life – engraving on the bucket/rotor NOTE • Refer to the table of rotors and accessories with a different service life (see chapter 11.3 - "Table of the service life of rotors and accessories ") Pos: 56 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety 22 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 57 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 Siche rheits einric htun gen -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- @ 27 \\mo d_1 405 319 034 809_ 68. docx @ 19 215 7 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.7 Safety devices Pos: 58 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 -00 10 D eckelv erri egelu ng @ 27\\ mo d_14 053 190 363 21_ 68.d ocx @ 192 171 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.7.1 Lid lock device The centrifuge can only be started when the lid is properly closed. The electrical lock must be locked. The lid can only be opened when the rotor has stopped. If the lid is opened by way of the emergency release system during operation, the centrifuge will immediately switch off and decelerate brakeless. If the lid is open, the drive is completely separated from the mains power supply, i.e. the centrifuge cannot be started (see chapter 7.1.1 - "Emergency lid release"). Pos: 59 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 60 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 -00 20 Stillst ands übe rwach ung @ 2 7\\m od_ 1405 319 037 803 _68. docx @ 19 218 5 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.7.2 Standstill monitoring system Opening of the centrifuge lid is only possible if the rotor is at a standstill. This standstill is checked by the microprocessor. Pos: 61 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 62 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 -00 32 Sys temk ont rolle Spi ncont rol Basic +Easy +Unive rsal @ 27\\ mod _14 053 190 4177 7_6 8.d ocx @ 192 227 @ 3 @ 1 3.7.3 System check An internal system check monitors the data transfer and sensor signals with regard to plausibility. Malfunctions are indicated by error messages with a number in the speed/rcf display (see chapter 7.2 - "Table of error codes"). Pos: 63 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 64 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 -00 40 Sc hutzlei ter prüf ung S pinco ntrol L+S+E asy+Univ ers al @ 2 7\\m od_ 140 5319 043 129 _68. docx @ 19 224 1 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.7.4 Earth conductor check For the earth conductor check, there is an equipotential bonding screw on the rear panel of the centrifuge (see chapter 2.1.1 - "Functional and operating elements"). An earth conductor check can be carried out by authorized and specialized personnel using a suitable measuring instrument. Please contact the Sigma service department (see chapter 7.3 - "Service contact"). Pos: 65 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 66 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 070 -00 51 U nwuch tüb erwac hun g Spinc ontr ol L +Easy+U nivers al @ 2 7\\m od_ 140 531 904 703 1_68 .docx @ 1 922 83 @ 3 @ 1 o 3.7.5 Imbalance monitoring system The indication "Imbalance" in the rotor field and, in some cases, also a sound signal indicate that the centrifuge is in the impermissible imbalance range.The drive will be switched off in the acceleration phase or during the run. Pos: 67 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 3 Safety Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 23 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 68 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 080 Ver halte n bei Gef ahr en u nd Un fällen @ 2 7\\m od_1 405 319 051 188 _68. docx @ 19 232 5 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.8 Measures in the event of hazards and accidents DANGER • If an emergency arises, switch off the centrifuge immediately • If in doubt, call the emergency doctor Pos: 69 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 70 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 30 Sich erh eit03 0-0 090 Rest risiken @ 2 7\\m od_1 405 319 052 885 _68. docx @ 19 233 9 @ 2 @ 1 o 3.9 Remaining hazards The unit was built state- of- the- art and according to the accepted safety rules. However, danger to life and limb of the operator, or of third parties, or impairments of the unit or other material assets cannot be completely excluded when the unit is being used. • Use the unit only for the purpose that it was originally intended for (see chapter 1.2 - "Intended use"). • Use the unit only if it is in a perfect running state. • Immediately eliminate any problems that can affect safety. Pos: 71 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Absch nittswec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 212 451 406 2_0. docx @ 41 8 @ @ 1 Pos: 72 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 4 Storage and transport 24 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 73 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40 Lag eru ng u nd Tra nspo rt= == == === == == === == == == === == @ 27 \\mo d_1 405 319 160 149_ 68. docx @ 19 2353 @ 1 @ 1 o 4 Storage and transport Pos: 74 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40- 0010 Ab messu nge n un d Gewic ht 2 -6 @ 29\\ mo d_14 053 211 910 36_ 68.d ocx @ 196 315 @ 2 @ 1 o 4.1 Dimensions and weight Sigma 2-6 Height: 300 mm Height with open lid: 610 mm Width: 365 mm Depth: 452 mm Weight: 21 kg Pos: 75 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 76 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40- 0020 L age rbe dingu nge n @ 27\\ mod_ 140 531 916 144 2_6 8.docx @ 1 923 67 @ 2 @ 1 o 4.2 Storage conditions The centrifuge can be stored in its original packaging for up to a year. • Store the centrifuge only in dry rooms. • The storage temperature must be above –20°C. • If you would like to store it for more than one year, or if you intend to ship it overseas, please contact the manufacturer. Pos: 77 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 78 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40- 0030 Tra nspo rthinw eise 2 -6 _2- 6E @ 29 \\mo d_1 405 321 192 395_ 68. docx @ 19 634 3 @ 2 @ 1 o 4.3 Notes on transport • Install the transport safety device (see chapter 4.5 - "Transport safety device") • Always lift the centrifuge with a lifting device or with a sufficient number of people helping you. • When lifting the centrifuge, always reach under the centrifuge from the side. CAUTION The centrifuge weighs approx. 21 kg • For transport use suitable packaging and, if at all possible, the original packaging (see chapter 4.4 - "Packaging"). Pos: 79 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 4 Storage and transport Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 25 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 80 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40- 0040 Ver pack ung 2-6 _2- 6E @ 2 9\\m od_ 140 5321 193 141 _68. docx @ 19 635 7 @ 2 @ 1 s 4.4 Packaging The centrifuge is packaged in a threepart slip-lid box. • Take off the lid. • Remove the box containing the accessories and the packaging material. • Remove the ring of the slip-lid box. • Lift the centrifuge upwards with a lifting device or with a sufficient number of people to lift it safely. When lifting the centrifuge, always reach under the centrifuge from the side. CAUTION The centrifuge weighs approx. 21 kg • Retain the packaging for any possible future transport of the centrifuge. Pos: 81 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 82 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 40 Lage run g u nd Tra nspo rt0 40- 0050 Tra nspo rtsich eru ng 2 -6_ 2-6E @ 29\\ mo d_1 4053 211 939 00_ 68.d ocx @ 196 371 @ 2 @ 1 4.5 Transport safety device The transport safety device consists of a foamed plastic piece in the rotor chamber. CAUTION The transport safety device must be removed prior to start-up Removal • Open the lid by pressing the lid key. If the centrifuge is not connected to the power supply, use the emergency release of the lid (see chapter 7.1.1 - "Emergency lid release"). • Remove the foamed plastic piece from the rotor chamber, by lifting it carefully on one side. • Retain the transport safety device for the possibility of the return of the centrifuge. Pos: 83 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Absch nittswec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 212 451 406 2_0. docx @ 41 8 @ @ 1 Pos: 84 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 5 Set-up and connection 26 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 85 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 50 Auf stellun g u nd Ansc hluss0 50 Au fstellu ng u nd Ansc hluss === == == == === == == === == == === == == === = @ 27\\ mod _14 053 191 7307 1_6 8.d ocx @ 1923 81 @ 1 @ 1 o 5 Set-up and connection Pos: 86 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 50 Auf stellun g u nd Ansc hluss0 50- 001 0 Aufs tellor t @ 27\\m od_ 140 531 917 427 6_68 .docx @ 1 923 95 @ 2 @ 1 o 5.1 Installation site Operate the centrifuge only in closed and dry rooms. All the energy supplied to the centrifuge is converted into heat and emitted to the ambient air. • Ensure sufficient ventilation. • Keep a safety distance of at least 30 cm around the centrifuge so that the vents in the centrifuge remain fully effective. • Do not subject the centrifuge to thermal stress, e.g. by positioning it near heat generators. • Avoid direct sunlight (UV radiation). • The table must be stable and have a solid, even surface. • Attention: During transport from cold to warmer places, condensational water will collect inside the centrifuge. It is important to allow sufficient time for drying (min. 24 h) before the centrifuge can be used again. Pos: 87 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 88 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 50 Auf stellun g u nd Ansc hluss0 50- 002 0 En ergie vers org ung --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- @ 27 \\mo d_1 405 319 1756 30_ 68. docx @ 19 2409 @ 2 @ 1 o 5.2 Power supply Pos: 89 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 50 Auf stellun g u nd Ansc hluss/ 050 -002 0- 0010 Ansc hlussa rt (Kal tge rätes tecke r) @ 32\\ mo d_1 4175 996 706 21_ 68.d ocx @ 222 346 @ 3 @ 1 5.2.1 Type of connection DANGER The operating voltage on the name plate must correspond to the local supply voltage Sigma centrifuges are units of protection class I. The centrifuges of this model series have a three-wire power cord with an IEC C13 connector. Pos: 90 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 91 / 100 Sigma /110 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Proj ekte )/2- 6_2 -6E/0 50 Auf stellun g u nd Ansc hluss0 50- 002 0-0 020 Sic her ung en b auseit s 2- 6_2 -6E @ 29\\ mod _14 0532 121 733 1_6 8.do cx @ 1 964 13 @ 3 @ 1 5.2.2 Customer-provided fuses Typically, the centrifuge must be protected with 16 Amp L or B fuses that are to be provided by the customer. Pos: 92 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Absch nittswec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 212 451 406 2_0. docx @ 41 8 @ @ 1 Pos: 93 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Seite nwechs el @ 0 \\mo d_1 202 116 244 312_ 0.d ocx @ 105 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 27 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 94 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 62 Bet rieb _Spinco ntr ol Easy+U niver sal06 2 Bet rieb == == === == == === == == === == == == === == == === == == @ 27\\ mo d_1 4053 204 171 54_ 68.d ocx @ 194 019 @ 1 @ 1 o 6 Using the centrifuge Pos: 95 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 62 Bet rieb _Spinco ntr ol Easy+U niver sal06 2-0 010 Erst e In betri ebn ahm e @ 27\\m od_ 140 532 041 787 5_68 .docx @ 1 940 33 @ 2 @ 1 o 6.1 Initial start-up DANGER • Before the initial start-up, please ensure that your centrifuge is properly set up and installed (see chapter 5 - "Set-up and connection"). Pos: 96 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 97 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 62 Bet rieb _Spinco ntr ol Easy+U niver sal06 2-0 020 Einsch alten @ 2 7\\mo d_1 405 320 418 652 _68. docx @ 19 404 7 @ 2 @ 1 o 6.2 Switching the centrifuge on • Press the mains power switch. The display then illuminates. The centrifuge is ready for operation. Pos: 98 / 010 Unive rsalm odul e/Le erzeil e @ 0\\mo d_1 202 116 244 500 _0.d ocx @ 114 @ @ 1 Pos: 99 / 100 Sigma /100 BA Ze ntrifu gen (Sta nda rdm odul e)/0 62 Bet rieb _Spinco ntr ol Easy+U niver sal06 2-0 020 -00 10 Öffn en u nd Schli eße n d es Deck els - 2 Schlöss er @ 27\\ mo d_14 053 204 194 21_ 68.d ocx @ 194 061 @ 3 @ 1 o 6.2.1 Opening and closing the lid The lid can be opened if the centrifuge is at a standstill and if the lid key is illuminated. • Press the lid key in order to open the lid. The centrifuge cannot be started if the lid is opened. • To close, press with both hands slightly on the lid until both electrical locks are locked. WARNING Do not place your fingers between the lid and the housing when closing the lid. Risk of crushing NOTE A flashing lid key indicates that only one lid lock has locked. Pos: 100 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 101 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal0 62- 002 0-0 020 Einsetz en v on Ro tor en u nd Zub ehö r- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- @ 27\\ mo d_1 4053 204 202 06_ 68.d ocx @ 194 075 @ 3 @ 1 o 6.2.2 Installation of rotors and accessories Pos: 102 /10 0 Sigm a/11 0 BA Zentrif uge n (Pr ojekt e)/2 -6_ 2-6E/ 062 Betrie b06 2-0 020 -00 20- 001 0 Einse tzen des R otor s 2- 6_2 -6E @ 29\\ mod _14 0532 122 856 1_6 8.do cx @ 1 964 27 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.2.2.1 Installation of the rotor • Open the centrifuge lid by pressing the lid key. • Unscrew the rotor tie-down screw from the motor shaft (counter-clockwise). • Lower the rotor with its central bore straight down onto the motor shaft. • Tighten the rotor tie-down screw clockwise with the supplied rotor wrench with 5 Nm. In doing so, hold the rotor at its outer rim. Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge 28 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual WARNING Once a day or after 20 cycles, the rotor tie-down screw must be loosened by some turns, and the rotor must be lifted and fastened again. This ensures a proper connection between the rotor and the motor shaft. • The rotor tie-down screw should only be tightened when a rotor is installed in order to prevent the collet chuck from being expanded. • Follow the safety instructions and hazard warnings (see chapter 3 - "Safety") 1? Rotor-tie down screw 2? Motor shaft 3? Angle rotor Abb. 5: Installation of a rotor Pos: 103 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 104 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal0 62- 002 0-0 020 -00 30 Ein setze n vo n Zube hör 2+ 4plätzi g nu r 2 -6_ 2-6E @ 27\\ mod _14 053 204 210 04_ 68.d ocx @ 194 089 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.2.2.2 Installation of accessories • Only use inserts that are suitable for the rotor (see chapter 11.1 - "Range of accessories"). • All buckets of the swing-out rotor need to be installed when spinning. • Always load the opposite inserts/buckets of the rotors with the same accessories and fill to avoid imbalance. Centrifugation with different tube sizes Working with different tube sizes is possible. In this case, however, it is very important that opposite inserts are identical (see figure). correct incorrect Fig. 6: Permissible and impermissible loading of a swing-out rotor with different tube sizes (example illustration) Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 29 Translation of the original operating manual Centrifugation with low capacity • Install the tubes symmetrically so that the buckets and their inserts are loaded evenly. • It is not permissible to load angle rotors on only one axis. correct incorrect Fig. 7: Permissible and impermissible loading of an angle rotor and a swing-out rotor (example illustrations) NOTE Pay attention to the marking of the centrifuge (see the illustration below) Safety indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable at all times. If necessary, they must be replaced. Fig. 8: Safety indication on the centrifuge: Loading of a swing-out rotor Pos: 105 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge 30 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 106 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal0 62- 002 0-0 020 -00 40 A dapt er @ 28\\ mod _14 053 204 219 69_ 68.d ocx @ 194 103 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.2.2.3 Adapters In order to ensure easy handling, even if vessels of various sizes are used, carrier systems were developed. • Load the opposite adapters with the same number of vessels and with the same weights in order to avoid imbalance. • If all of the compartments of a carrier are not used, the buckets must be loaded evenly. Loading the edges of a bucket only is not permissible. Pos: 107 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 108 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal0 62- 002 0-0 020 -00 50 Gefä ße @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 422 786 _68. docx @ 19 411 7 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.2.2.4 Tubes • Load the tubes outside of the centrifuge. Liquids in the buckets or multiple carriers cause corrosion . • Fill the tubes carefully and arrange them according to their weight. Imbalances result in the excessive wear of the bearings. • In high-speed angle rotors, the vessels must be filled up to their useful volume (= the volume stated for the vessel). If the vessels are only partially filled, they will deform. This may result in leaks at the seals that may become loose. • When using glass tubes, the maximum value of 4,000 x g must not be exceeded (except special high-strength glass tubes; please refer to the information provided by the manufacturer). • Follow the safety instructions and hazard warnings (see chapter 3 - "Safety") Pos: 109 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 31 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 110 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30 Spinco ntrol Easy Ste uer ung --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- -- @ 28\\ mod _14 053 204 626 82_ 68.d ocx @ 194 145 @ 2 @ 1 o 6.3 Control system "Spincontrol Easy" Pos: 111 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 001 0 Be dien obe rfläch e Spinc ontr ol Easy @ 28\\ mo d_14 053 204 633 79_ 68.d ocx @ 194 159 @ 3 @ 1 o 6.3.1 User interface The centrifuge is operated via three buttons with integrated light-emitting diodes and two function knob. The display is divided into several different fields. The various functions of the system can be called up by pressing and turning the function knob. 1? Startkey 2? left function knob 3? Display 4? right function knob 5? Stop key 6? Lid key Abb. 9: User interface of the "Spincontrol Easy" control system Display The centrifuge display has the following display fields: 1 "Lock" symbol (for input lock) 2 Time field 3 Display for rotor, deceleration curve and programs 4 Speed/RCF field Fig. 10: Display of the "SpincontrolEasy" control system Pos: 112 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge 32 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 113 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0 Man uelle r Betri eb @ 28\\ mod _14 053 2046 458 6_6 8.do cx @ 1941 73 @ 3 @ 1 o 6.3.2 Manual mode Pos: 114 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 010 Sta rten eine r Zent rifug ation @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 465 399 _68. docx @ 19 418 7 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.1 Starting a centrifugation run The centrifuge is ready for operation when the start key is illuminated. • Press the start key in order to start a centrifugation run. Pos: 115 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 116 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 020 Unt erb rech en eine r Zentri fuga tion @ 28 \\mo d_1 405 3204 662 14_ 68.d ocx @ 194 201 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.2 Interrupting a centrifugation run • Press the stop key in order to interrupt a centrifugation run. The centrifugation run will be terminated prematurely. Pos: 117 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 118 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 030 Unt erb rech en eines B rems vor gang s @ 2 8\\m od_ 140 532 0467 086 _68 .docx @ 1 9421 5 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.3 Interrupting a deceleration process • Press the start key during a deceleration process in order to interrupt it and to restart the centrifuge. Pos: 119 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 120 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 040 Auswa hl, Anzei ge u nd Än der ung von D aten @ 2 8\\m od_ 140 5320 468 077 _68. docx @ 19 422 9 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.4 Selection, display, and modification of data • Turn the left function knob in order to select a field. The selected field will be preceded by the indication "set", "run", or "save". • Press the right function knob. The indication ("set", "run", or "save") flashes and the modification mode is active. • Turn the right function knob in order to modify the set value of the selected field. • Press the right function knob again to confirm the input and to quit the modification mode • If the input is not confirmed, the value will be automatically reset to the last setting. Pos: 121 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 122 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 060 L aufzeit @ 2 8\\m od_ 1405 320 474 743 _68. docx @ 19 425 7 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.5 Runtime The runtime is displayed in the left section of the display and can be set at different intervals in a range from 10 seconds to 11 hours and 59 minutes. The parameter runtime can be changed during the centrifugation. NOTE If the runtime is changed during an active centrifugation run, the time that has already elapsed will not be taken into consideration. The centrifuge will perform a complete run with the new runtime. Fig. 11: Setting the runtime Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 33 Translation of the original operating manual Continuous run During the continuous run, the runtime of the centrifuge is unlimited and must be stopped manually. The centrifuge accelerates during the continuous run until the set speed is reached. • Select the modification mode and turn the right function knob from the time 00:10 anti-clockwise or from the time 11:59 clockwise. The indication "Cont" and the symbol "?" will be displayed in the time field. Abb. 12: Anzeige “Cont” bei Dauerbetrieb Short run • Keep the start key pressed during the short run. During the short run, the centrifuge accelerates at maximum power until the maximum speed is reached. The runtime is counted and in the time field the indication "short run" is displayed. When the start key is released, the centrifuge decelerates at maximum power to a standstill. Fig. 13: Indication “short run” during a short run Changing the time increments By default, the runtime is changed in intervals of 10 sec (in the mode min:sec) or in intervals of 10 min (in the mode hrs:min). To change the runtime in intervals of 1 sec or 1 min: • Keep the stop key pressed while setting the desired runtime with the right function knob. Pos: 123 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge 34 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 124 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 050 Dr ehza hl/RZB @ 28\\ mod _14 053 204 738 39_ 68.d ocx @ 194 243 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.6 Speed / relative centrifugal force (RCF) The set speed of the centrifuge is displayed in the upper area of the Speed/RCF field. The actual value is displayed right below. The speed is stated as the number of revolutions per minute (rpm) and the RCF values as a multiple of the gravitational acceleration (x g). The values are interdependent (see chapter 2.2.2.1 - "Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force"). The maximum speed/RCF values depend on the rotor that is used. The parameters speed and RCF can be changed during the centrifugation. Fig. 14: Setting the speed value or the RCF value Changing the speed increments By default, the speed is changed in intervals of 100 rpm. To change the speed in intervals of 1 rpm: • Keep the stop key pressed while setting the desired speed with the right function knob. Changing the RCF increments By default, the RCF value is changed in intervals of 10 x g. To change the RCF value in intervals of 1 x g: • Keep the stop key pressed while setting the desired RCF value with the right function knob. Pos: 128 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/ Lee rzeile @ 0\\ mo d_12 021 162 445 00_ 0.doc x @ 1 12 @ @ 1 Pos: 125 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 35 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 126 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 070 Rot ora uswahl @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 475 745 _68. docx @ 19 427 1 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.7 Rotor selection This field shows the rotor that is currently being used. NOTE The rotor selection can only be changed when the centrifuge is at a standstill. • Select the "Rotor" field and confirm the selection. The indication "set" flashes in the activated status. • Turn the right function knob until the desired rotor number is selected. • Press the right function knob to confirm the input. The selected rotor will be adopted. Fig. 15: Rotor selection T Pos: 127 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 128 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 080 Softs tart - u nd Soft stop -Funktio nen @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 476 635 _68. docx @ 19 428 5 @ 4 @ 1 6.3.2.8 Softstart and softstop function The softstart function is used to extend the acceleration time, whereas the softstop function is used to extend the deceleration time. The current combination is shown on the display. • Press the stop key repeatedly until the desired combination is displayed. The possible combinations are called cyclically: – If "soft start" is displayed, only the softstart function is activated. – If "soft start" and "soft stop" are displayed, the softstart and the softstop function are activated. – If "soft stop" is displayed, only the softstop function is activated. – If "soft start" is displayed and the "Soft stop" indication flashes, the softstart function and the brakeless deceleration are activated. – If the "Soft stop" indication flashes, the brakeless deceleration is activated. – If no indication is displayed, the standard operating mode is restored. Pos: 129 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 130 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 090 Auto matisc he D eckelöf fnu ng @ 28\\ mod _14 053 204 7752 9_6 8.d ocx @ 194 299 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.2.9 Automatic lid opening function ("Auto-Lid-Open") The automatic lid opening function must be activated so that the lid opens automatically at the end of the operation. In order to activate the automatic lid opening function: • Press the lid key three times when the lid is open and on the third time hold it down for approx. two seconds. • Proceed in the same way in order to deactivate the function. After every change, the current status of the setting is displayed in the form of a message running over the display ("Auto-Lid-Open on" or "off"). Pos: 131 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge 36 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 132 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 100 Akustisc hes Sig nal @ 28\\ mod _14 053 2047 842 0_6 8.do cx @ 1 943 13 @ 4 @ 1 6.3.2.10 Sound signal ("Buzzer") This function is used to set an acoustic signal that sounds at the end of the centrifugation run and also in the event of an imbalance or error message. In order to activate the sound signal: • Press the lid key five times and on the fifth time hold it down for approx. two seconds. • Proceed in the same way in order to deactivate the function. After every change, the current status of the setting is displayed in the form of a message running in the display ("Buzzer on" or "off"). Pos: 133 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 134 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 002 0-0 110 Eing abes per re @ 28\\ mod _14 053 204 793 18_6 8.d ocx @ 194 327 @ 4 @ 1 6.3.2.11 Input lock In order to prevent the centrifuge from being manipulated by unauthorised persons, inputs can be disabled via the menu. Inputs via the keypad, i.e. for starting or stopping a centrifugation run or for opening the lid, are enabled. Activating a simple input lock: • Turn the left function knob until the symbol " " is displayed in the upper left corner of the display. The centrifuge can only be started and stopped, but the parameters cannot be changed. As long as the symbol is displayed, the parameters of the centrifuge cannot be changed. Activating a permanent input lock: • Press the start key three times and hold for approximately 2 seconds when pressing it for the third time. After the activation of this function, the padlock symbol flashes. The input lock is activated. The centrifuge can only be started und stopped, but the parameters cannot be changed. • Proceed in the same manner in order to deactivate the permanent input lock. The current status remains active even if the centrifuge is switched off with the help of the mains power switch. Fig. 16: "Padlock" symbol indicating an activated input lock Pos: 135 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 6 Using the centrifuge Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 37 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 136 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 003 0 Pro gra mm @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 480 297 _68. docx @ 19 434 1 @ 3 @ 1 6.3.3 Programs The program is used to save or load certain recurrent settings of the centrifuge. 10 different programs (0-9) can be saved and called up. This is only possible at a standstill. Pos: 137 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 138 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 003 0-0 010 Aktu elle Einstell ung en sp eiche rn @ 28\\ mo d_14 053 204 811 99_ 68.d ocx @ 194 355 @ 4 @ 1 6.3.3.1 Saving the current settings • Turn the left function knob until "save" is indicated and confirm the selection by pressing the right function knob. The indication "save" flashes and the modification mode is active. • Select the desired program number by turning the right function knob and confirm the selection by pressing the right function knob. NOTE Program numbers that are already occupied will be overwritten with the current data. Fig. 17: Saving a program; here: program no. 8 Pos: 139 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 140 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal/Spi ncont rol Easy 062 -00 30- 003 0-0 020 Ge speich ert e Pro gra mm e ab ruf en @ 28\\ mod _14 053 2048 215 7_6 8.do cx @ 1943 69 @ 4 @ 1 o 6.3.3.2 Calling up stored programs • Turn the left function knob until "run" is indicated and confirm the selection by pressing the right function knob. The indication "run" flashes and the modification mode is active. • Select the desired program number by turning the right function knob and confirm the selection by pressing the right function knob. The program is now loaded. Fig. 18: Loading a program; here: program no. 8 Pos: 141 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 142 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 062 Betrie b_Spinc ont rol Easy +Unive rsal0 62- 004 0 Aussc halt en @ 28\\ mod _14 053 2042 357 1_6 8.do cx @ 1 941 31 @ 2 @ 1 o 6.4 Switching the centrifuge off • Open the centrifuge when it is not in use so moisture can evaporate. • Switch the centrifuge off by pressing the mains power switch. Pos: 143 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Absc hnittsw echsel @ 0\\ mod _12 021 245 140 62_ 0.docx @ 4 18 @ @ 1 Pos: 144 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 7 Malfunctions and error correction 38 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 145 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 070 Störu nge n u nd Fehle rsuc he0 70 St öru nge n un d Fehle rsuch e= === == == == === == == === == == === == @ 28 \\mo d_1 405 320 576 072 _68. docx @ 19 466 3 @ 1 @ 1 o 7 Malfunctions and error correction Pos: 146 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 070 Störu nge n u nd Fehle rsuc he0 70- 001 5 Allge mein e Stör ung en_Spi ncon trol Eas y+Univ ersal @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 582 167 _68. docx @ 19 474 7 @ 2 @ 1 o 7.1 General malfunctions Error messages are displayed with a code number. If the acoustic signal is activated, it sounds when the error message is displayed. • Eliminate the source of the problem (see table below). • Acknowledge the error messages by pressing the lid key. NOTE Error messages can be eliminated by pressing the lid key. The error itself will not be eliminated, but the centrifuge can be operated again. Type of error Possible reason Correction No indication on the display No power in the mains supply Check fuse in the mains supply Power cord is not plugged in Plug in power cord correctly Fuses have tripped Reactivate temperature fuse (see chapter 5.2.1 - "Type of connection") Mains power switch off Switch mains power switch on Centrifuge cannot be started: start key LED is not illuminated Several Power off/on. If the error occurs again, contact service Centrifuge cannot be started: lid key LED flashes The lid lock is not closed correctly Open and close the lid. If the error occurs again, contact service Centrifuge decelerates during operation Brief mains power failure Press start key in order to restart the centrifuge System error Power off/on. If the error occurs again, contact service Centrifuge decelerates during operation, imbalance message is displayed – Improper loading – Centrifuge is inclined – Drive problem – Centrifuge was moved during run Balance load and restart the centrifuge. If the error occurs again, contact service(see chapter 7.1.1 - "Emergency lid release") – Ungreased load- bearing bolts Clean and grease load- bearing bolts Lid cannot be opened Lid lock has not released Unlock the lid manually and contact service Lid seal sticks Clean the lid seal and apply talcum powder Temperature value cannot be reached (only for refrigerated centrifuges) Condenser dirty (only air-cooled units) Clean the condenser. If the error occurs again, contact service Pos: 147 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 7 Malfunctions and error correction Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 39 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 148 /10 0 Sigm a/11 0 BA Zentrif uge n (Pr ojekt e)/2 -6_ 2-6E/ 070 Störu nge n u nd Fehle rsuc he0 70- 001 0-0 010 N oten trie gelun g 2 -6_ 2-6E @ 29\\ mod _14 053 212 577 98_ 68.d ocx @ 196 441 @ 3 @ 1 7.1.1 Emergency lid release In the event of a power failure, it is possible to manually open the centrifuge lid using two stoppers that are secured with screws. They are located on the front of the bottom panel (see the illustration, item 1). Fig. 1: Position of the emergency release • Switch the centrifuge off via the mains power switch and unplug the mains power plug. • Unscrew the screws in the stoppers. • Remove the stoppers (see the illustration below, item 1) from the bottom panel, e.g. with a screwdriver. 1? String 2? Stopper 3? Screw Fig. 19: Screw for the emergency lid release • The stoppers are connected with a string. Pull the string in order to release the lid. • Then, seal the opening once again with the stopper and insert the screws centrally. WARNING Do not unlock or open the lid unless the rotor is at a standstill. If the lid is opened via the emergency lid release system during a centrifuge run, the centrifuge will be switched off immediately and decelerate in an unbraked manner. Pos: 149 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 7 Malfunctions and error correction 40 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 150 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 070 Störu nge n u nd Fehle rsuc he0 70- 002 0 Tabell e de r Fehle rm eldun gen @ 2 8\\m od_1 405 320 582 996 _68. docx @ 19 476 1 @ 2 @ 1 o 7.2 Table of error codes Error no. Kind of error Measures Note 1-9 System error • Allow to slow down • Power off/on All these errors stop the centrifuge or cause it to decelerate brakeless 10-19 Speedometer error • Allow to slow down • Power off/on 20-29 Motor error • Power off • Ensure ventilation 30-39 EEPROM error • Allow to slow down • Power off/on With error 34, 35, and 36, the centrifuge will stop; with error 37 and 38 only an error message will be given 40-45 Temperature error (only for refrigerated centrifuges) • Allow to slow down • Power off • Allow to cool down • Provide better ventilation (only air cooled centrifuges) • Provide sufficient water throughput (only water cooled centrifuges) 46-49 Imbalance error • Allow to slow down • Power off • Eliminate the imbalance 50-59 Lid error • Press lid key • Close lid • Remove foreign matter from the opening of the lid lock device With error 50 and 51, the centrifuge will stop 60-69 Process error • Allow to slow down • Power off/on With error 60 message "power failure during run", with error 61, the message "stop after power on" 70-79 Communication error • Allow to slow down • Power off/on 80-89 Parameter error • Power off • Allow to cool down • Provide for better ventilation With error 83, error message only 90-99 Other errors • Check connections • Provide sufficient water throughput (only water cooled centrifuges) NOTE If it is impossible to eliminate the errors, contact the service Pos: 151 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 7 Malfunctions and error correction Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 41 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 152 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 070 Störu nge n u nd Fehle rsuc he0 70- 003 0 Kon takt i m Servic efall @ 28\\ mod _14 053 205 843 61_ 68.d ocx @ 194 775 @ 2 @ 1 o 7.3 Service contact In the event of queries, malfunctions, or spare part enquiries: From Germany: Contact Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH An der Unteren Söse 50 37520 Osterode (Germany) Tel. +49 (0) 55 22 / 50 07-44 44 E-mail: support.lab@sigma-zentrifugen.de Outside Germany: Contact our agency in your country. All agencies are listed at www.sigma-zentrifugen.de o [Sales Partners] NOTE • If you would like to utilise our service, please state the type of your centrifuge and its serial number. Pos: 153 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Absc hnittsw echsel @ 0\\ mod _12 021 245 140 62_ 0.docx @ 4 18 @ @ 1 Pos: 154 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 8 Maintenance and service 42 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 155 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0 W artu ng u nd I nsta ndh altun g== == == == === == == === == == === @ 2 8\\m od_ 1405 320 612 731 _68. docx @ 19 478 9 @ 1 @ 1 o 8 Maintenance and service The centrifuge, rotor, and accessories are subject to high mechanical stress. Thorough maintenance performed by the user extends the service life and prevents premature failure. CAUTION If corrosion or other damage occurs due to improper care, the manufacturer cannot be held liable or subject to any warranty claims. • Use soap water or other water-soluble, mild cleaning agents with a pH value between 6 and 8 for cleaning the centrifuge and accessories. • Avoid corrosive and aggressive substances. • Do not use solvents. • Do not use agents with abrasive particles. • Do not expose the centrifuge and rotors to intensive UV radiation or thermal stress (e.g. by heat generators). Pos: 156 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 157 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 Wa rtun gsar beite n- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- --- -- --- -- --- -- -- @ 28\\ mod _14 053 206 1397 8_6 8.d ocx @ 194 803 @ 2 @ 1 o 8.1 Maintenance Pos: 158 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 10 Ze ntrif uge @ 2 8\\mo d_1 405 320 615 295 _68. docx @ 19 481 7 @ 3 @ 1 o 8.1.1 Centrifuge • Unplug the mains power plug before cleaning. • Carefully remove all liquids, including water and particularly all the solvents, acids, and alkaline solutions from the rotor chamber using a cloth in order to avoid damage to the motor bearings. • If the centrifuge has been contaminated with toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic substances, clean the rotor chamber immediately with a suitable decontamination agent (depending on the type of contamination). WARNING Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is a risk of toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic contamination. • Grease the motor shaft slightly after cleaning (grease for load-bearing bolts part no. 70284). Pos: 159 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 160 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 8 Maintenance and service Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 43 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 161 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 20 Zu beh ör (au ße r 8K) @ 28\\ mo d_1 405 3206 182 47_ 68.d ocx @ 194 845 @ 3 @ 1 o 8.1.2 Accessories CAUTION For the care of the accessories, special safety measures must be considered as these are measures that will ensure operational safety at the same time • Immediately rinse off the rotor, buckets, or accessories under running water if they have come into contact with any liquids that may cause corrosion. Use a brush for test tubes in order to clean the bores of angle rotors. Turn the rotor upside down and allow it to dry completely. • Clean the accessories outside the centrifuge once a week or preferably after each use. Adapters should be removed, cleaned and dried. CAUTION Do not clean the accessories in a dishwasher Cleaning in a dishwasher removes the anodised coating; the result is cracking in areas that are subject to stress. • If the rotors or accessories have been contaminated with toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic substances, clean them immediately with a suitable decontamination agent (depending on the type of contamination). Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is a risk of toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic contamination. • Dry the accessories with a soft cloth or in a drying chamber at approx. 50°C. Pos: 162 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 163 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 20- 001 0 Ku nststo ffzub ehö r @ 28\\ mod _14 0532 061 960 2_6 8.do cx @ 1 948 59 @ 4 @ 1 o 8.1.2.1 Plastic accessories The chemical resistance of plastic decreases with rising temperatures (see chapter 11.4 - "Resistance data"). • If solvents, acids, or alkaline solutions have been used, clean the plastic accessories thoroughly. Pos: 164 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 8 Maintenance and service 44 Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 165 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 30 Roto r, Bec her und Vielfach trä ger (au ße r Basic) @ 2 8\\m od_1 405 320 621 063 _68. docx @ 19 487 3 @ 3 @ 1 o 8.1.3 Rotors, buckets and carriers Rotors, buckets and carriers are produced with the highest precision, in order to withstand the permanent high stress from high gravitational fields. Chemical reactions as well as stress-corrosion (combination of oscillating pressure and chemical reaction) can affect or destroy the metals. Barely detectable cracks on the surface can expand and weaken the material without any visible signs. • Check the material regularly (at least once a month) for – cracks – visible damage of the surface – pressure marks – signs of corrosion – other changes. • Check the bores of the rotors and multiple carriers. • Replace any damaged components immediately for your own safety. • Grease the rotor tie-down screw after cleaning with grease for load bearing bolts (part no. 70284) and spread the grease with a cloth. Pos: 166 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 167 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 60 T ragb olzen @ 2 8\\m od_1 405 320 624 792 _68. docx @ 19 491 5 @ 3 @ 1 o 8.1.4 Load bearing bolts Only greased load bearing bolts ensure the even swinging of the buckets and, therefore, the quiet run of the centrifuge. Non-greased bolts can lead to a system shut-down due to imbalances. Apply a small quantity of grease (part no. 70284) to the load bearing bolts of the rotor and buckets after each cleaning. Pos: 168 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/Seit enwec hsel @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 4312 _0. docx @ 10 5 @ @ 1 Laboratory Centrifuge Sigma 2-6 8 Maintenance and service Version 04/2007, Rev. 2.7 of 09/12/2014 • sb 45 Translation of the original operating manual Pos: 169 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 010 -00 40 Glasb ruc h @ 2 8\\m od_ 140 532 0623 434 _68 .docx @ 1 9490 1 @ 3 @ 1 o 8.1.5 Glass breakage CAUTION In the case of glass breakage, immediately remove all glass particles (e.g. with a vacuum cleaner). Replace the rubber cushions since even thorough cleaning will not remove all glass particles. Glass particles will damage the surface coating (e.g. anodising) of the buckets, which will then lead to corrosion. Glass particles in the rubber cushions of the buckets will cause glass breakage again. Glass particles on the pivot bearing of the load- bearing bolts prevent the buckets and carriers from swinging evenly, which will cause an imbalance. Glass particles in the rotor chamber will cause metal abrasion due to the strong air circulation. This metal dust will not only pollute the rotor chamber, rotor, and materials to be centrifuged but also damage the surfaces of the accessories, rotors, and rotor chamber. In order to completely remove the glass particles and metal dust from the rotor chamber: • Grease the upper third of the rotor chamber with e.g. Vaseline. • Then, let the rotor rotate for a few minutes at a moderate speed (approx. 2000 rpm). The glass and metal particles will now collect at the greased part. • Remove the grease with the glass and metal particles with a cloth. • If necessary, repeat this procedure. Pos: 170 /01 0 Univ ersal mod ule/L eerz eile @ 0\\m od_ 120 211 624 450 0_0. docx @ 11 4 @ @ 1 Pos: 171 /10 0 Sigm a/10 0 BA Zentrif uge n (St anda rd mod ule)/ 080 Wart ung und Inst andh altu ng08 0-0 020 Ste rilisation un d Desin fektio n vo n Roto rka mm er u nd Zub ehö r @ 28\\m od_ 140 532 062 609 0_6 8.docx @ 1 949 29 @ 2 @ 1 o 8.2 Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber and accessories • Use commercially-available disinfectants such as, for example, Sagrotan£, Buraton£, or Terralin£ (available at chemist’s shops or drugstores). • The centrifuge and the accessories consist of various materials. A possible incompatibility must be considered. • Before using cleaning or decontamination agents that were not recommended by us, contact the manufacturer to ensure that such a procedure will not damage the centrifuge. • For autoclaving, consider the continuous heat resistance of the individual materials (see chapter 8.2.1 - "Autoclaving"). Plea