Terram Guide Brochure

TERRAM® salt barrier installation, Palm Jumeirah, Dubai.Within the construction and landscaping sectors the use of geosynthetics has become fundamental in solving an increasingly diverse range of global geotechnical and environmental protection problems.Typical traditional applications for geosynthetics include Soil Reinforcement, Ground Stabilisation, Filtration, Drainage, Protection and Erosion Control.The ongoing impact of climate change and the requirement to deliver sustainable development, is increasingly creating the need for more diverse and innovative applications.These applications include green roofs, pervious paving systems, geocellular tanks, basement construction, geocellular con?nement and tree protection systems.Through the ongoing commitment to achieve sustainability within the built environment, geosynthetics are being incorporated into major infrastructure projects such as renewable energy schemes, on-shore wind farms and alternative forms of transport such as light rail networks.TERRAM® is a market leader in the design and manufacture of innovative geosynthetics, providing a unique range of value-engineered solutions that also help minimise the environmental impact of construction.THE GROWING NEED FOR GEOSYNTHETICS3MATRIXFUNCTION TERRAM® SYSTEMS Geotextiles Geocomposites GeocellsSoil Reinforcement Ground Stabilisation Filtration Drainage Protection Erosion Control Primary function Secondary functionPage 6-7Page 8-9Page 10-11Page 12-13Page 14-15Page 16-17TERRAM® SYSTEM SELECTORThe importance of the correct speci?cation and installation of geosynthetics cannot be overstated and can potentially be critical to the overall success of a project.It is bene?cial therefore that the appropriate system selection criteria are considered at the early stages of the project design, as some applications require a combination of several functions.With more than 40 years experience in the successful design and manufacture of geosynthetics, TERRAM® has the required level of expertise to assist designers and speci?ers in this important process.SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONOur system selector can be used as a starting point in the selection process prior to considering the geosynthetic performance requirements of a project.The TERRAM® technical support team are available to offer advice to designers and contractors in the appropriate selection and installation of geosynthetic systems to suit project-speci?c requirements. Our experience is gained from providing technical support to a diverse range of projects on a global basis, involving varied soil and climatic conditions.5TERRAM geotextile reinforcement systemSteep vegetated slopeCompacted formationEARTH RETENTION STRUCTURESREINFORCED SOIL SLOPESTERRAM GEOCELL soil reinforcement systemCompacted formationSteep vegetated slopeKerb edge restraintKerb edge restraintWith climate change having a major impact on the magnitude and frequency of cutting and embankment slope failures, soil reinforcement is one of the fastest growing traditional applications for geosynthetics.The concept of soil reinforcement has been in use for over 2000 years, and in addition to optimising land utilisation, the versatility of geosynthetics can play an important role in the creation of functional and aesthetic, vegetated and non-vegetated slopes.The use of TERRAM® geosynthetics facilitates a reduced construction time whilst minimising health and safety risks.Geosynthetics can also play a major role in the construction of piled and soft soil embankments where ground conditions are extremely poor. Reinforced soil slopes provide an economic solution where onerous environmental constraints and rising land values require the use of innovative designs incorporating poor quality soils as ?ll materials.The bene?ts of reinforced soil slopes over traditional retaining wall designs include minimising land use, restricting encroachment into environmentally sensitive areas, reducing the amount of ?ll required and permitting the use of locally available soils.TERRAM® soil reinforcement solutions have been used in critical structures for more than 40 years with slopes being constructed to heights of over 25m and face angles of up to 80° to the horizontal.SOIL REINFORCEMENT7RAILWAY TRACK STABILISATIONPAVEMENT STABILISATIONTERRAM geotextileTrack ballastTERRAM geotextileVehicular traf?cked pavementGeosynthetics are extremely effective in reinforcing unbound granular layers in roads and other traf?cked areas such as car parks, railways, airports and docks.The use of geosynthetics in ground stabilisation allows the overall construction depth to be reduced. This saving on materials and excavation also provides safe working platforms which meet economic and environmental constraints.By incorporating TERRAM® geosynthetics, it is possible to combine major cost savings with considerable performance bene?ts in granular capping and sub-base layers.Key bene?ts include:Savings in granular thickness of up to 40% with no performance loss Reduction of excavated soil together with conservation of natural aggregates Reduced disturbance and weakening of sensitive subgrade formations Improved ?ll compaction Increased design life Control of differential settlement Spanning of voidsThe separation function of TERRAM® geosynthetics is an additional bene?t in achieving ground stabilisation, particularly through the avoidance of intermixing of structural layers which can have a negative impact on the load bearing capacity. GROUND STABILISATION9TERRAM treatment geotextileTERRAM protection geotextileTERRAM protection geotextileCompacted subgradeAttenuation geomembraneGranular bedding layerPervious pavingOpen graded sub-basePERVIOUS PAVING SYSTEMSTRENCH SOAKAWAY SYSTEMSTERRAM geotextileTERRAM geotextileTraditional granular soakawayGeocellular soakawayIncreasingly there is a risk of ?ooding affecting millions of people worldwide. This global occurrence of major coastal and river ?ooding events requires geosynthetics to play an increasingly important role in creating solutions in the attempt to provide enhanced protection of our fragile environment.As a consequence, the management of our water quality becomes increasingly critical, and there is a growing requirement to develop safe, innovative geosynthetic based ?ltration solutions, with properties that are pre-determined and consistent through being factory-controlled.Geosynthetics make it possible to treat ?ltration and drainage as two entirely separate issues. In geotextile-wrapped drains, the fabric speci?ed according to its hydraulic properties generates a ‘?lter zone’ within the soil that lays adjacent to the drain. This allows the aggregate to function purely as the drainage medium.A primary bene?t of TERRAM® geosynthetics is their proven performance in terms of hydrocarbon entrapment and treatment.TERRAM® geosynthetics also allow a reduction in excavation and the amount of aggregate needed, whilst also providing the potential use of less expensive aggregates.TERRAM® are committed to an ongoing system development initiative to create innovative geosynthetic based treatment solutions.FILTRATION11SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMSTERRAM structural drainageTERRAM treatment geotextileGreen roofTERRAM geotextile / geocompositeTERRAM tunnel drainageRecent ?ood events have highlighted the urgency of adapting to the effects of climate change to protect lives, property, the economy and the environment. As we face less predictable weather and more extreme events such as ?ash ?ooding the investment in ?ood risk management must continue to increase in line with our ever changing climate.Geosynthetics have an important role to play within sustainable drainage systems and are incorporated exclusively within pervious pavements, green roofs, in?ltration trenches, attenuation systems, swales and wetlands.DRAINAGEDrainage is de?ned as the collection and transportation of rainwater, groundwater or other ?uids such as leachates and gases. Geosynthetic drainage systems are being increasingly used as a more effective and economic alternative to traditional granular based solutions.The premature failure of a drainage system can have a serious impact on the functionality of a development with high costs associated with rectifying the problem.TERRAM® geosynthetics are used extensively in critical structural drainage applications such as basements, bridge abutments and retaining walls, replacing porous concrete blocks, no-?nes concrete and other conventional materials.Geosynthetics also continue to be a standard solution for the safe management of hazardous gases and leachate drainage within the contaminated land and land?ll sectors.TERRAM® has also developed a unique geosynthetic based salt barrier, designed to block the upward capillary ?ow of salt from saline groundwater, protecting the soil above from impurities whilst allowing the natural growth of green landscaped areas.13TREE PROTECTION SYSTEMSTERRAM GEOCELL tree protection systemContainment geomembraneTERRAM protection geotextilesTERRAM protection geotextilesContainment geomembraneTERRAM ROOTGUARD protection systemGEOMEMBRANE PROTECTION SYSTEMSTERRAM GEOCELL protection systemTrees are the most obvious of our natural assets by virtue of their aesthetic and environmental bene?ts but have a ?nite existence and are vulnerable to changes in their surroundings.The most common factors contributing to the failure of newly planted trees are the lack of adequate soil volume and poor-quality soil due to heavy compaction and grading.TERRAM® are dedicated to the provision of a range of project-speci?c tree protection solutions within both urban and rural environments.GEOMEMBRANE PROTECTIONThe through-life protection of geomembrane systems can often be critical to the overall success of a building or containment project.Geomembranes are prone to failure through being punctured, both during the construction phase and throughout their life. Physical damage can be induced by sharp protrusions puncturing through from either side of the geomembrane.TERRAM® provide high performance geomembrane protection systems for a diverse range of civil engineering and building applications including land?lls, canals, lakes, lagoons, ponds, reed beds, reservoirs, basements and ?oor slabs.TREE PROTECTION15SLOPE PROTECTION SYSTEMSCOASTAL / WATERWAY PROTECTION SYSTEMSVegetated slopeTERRAM GEOCELLKerb edge restraintRock armourTERRAM geotextileGranular in?llClimate change is one of the primary causes of progressive coastal and riverbank erosion problems on a global scale.Although natural vegetation can provide a certain level of soil erosion protection, it is often inadequate on steep slopes or areas prone to wave run-up or intermittent high velocity ?ows. This can occur in coastal areas, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, drainage ditches, ?ood bunds and overspill ponds.In addition, river and canal banks are subject to wave action creating reverse ?ow conditions. It is this dynamic erosive force that undermines bank stability and affects channel ?ow and navigability.The hydraulic and ?ltration properties of TERRAM® geosynthetics allows them to be used highly effectively in place of traditional ?lter layers. Typically, a single layer of geotextile fabric can replace a succession of stone ?lter layers. A single bedding layer of stone is laid on the geotextile, to carry the rock armour that resists erosion caused by variable hydraulic forces. By using TERRAM® geosynthetics, the ?lter system can be assembled above the water and lowered into position, making it easier to install, and less time being lost through bad weather or dif?cult water conditions. They can be pre-sewn or site-sewn into large sheets, reducing the number of overlapping joints, which is a particular bene?t in tidal or fast ?ow conditions.EROSION CONTROL17TERRAM® is a market leader in the design and manufacture of innovative geosynthetics, providing a unique range of value-engineered solutions that also help minimise the environmental impact of construction.We are dedicated to the creation of innovative alternative solutions to traditional methods when faced with a diverse range of engineering and environmental challenges, such as grade changes requiring retaining walls or slopes, or improving soil conditions for better performing and more cost effective roadways, car parks, railways, and building structures.We combine our unique manufacturing process technologies and extensive industry experience to create a dynamic system research and development programme, designed to extend the range of solutions that TERRAM® can offer.Intensive pre-manufacture computer based analysis and site trials are undertaken to determine the critical performance requirements of all new systems. Once in production, extensive performance and through life testing regimes implemented used to ensure their long term functionality and durability.Our unrivalled expertise and experience in the successful design and manufacture of geosynthetics has been accumulated over 40 years. We remain committed to staying at the forefront in the development of innovative cost-effective geosynthetic solutions.WHY TERRAM®19A Fiberweb plc company Terram Limited Mamhilad, Pontypool, Gwent NP4 0YR, United Kingdomtel +44 (0) 1495 757722 fax +44 (0) 1495 762393 email info@terram.com www.terram.com Registered of?ce as above Registered in England no 2254236 VAT no GB 888 1788 50FM 22730This brochure is printed on Revive 100 uncoated paper, which is FSC certi?ed as containing 100% post-consumer reclaimed material.