WeatherMaster - 8290 - Software for Orion Weather Stations User Manual

WeatherMaster? 1 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster™ User Manual Version 3.20 All specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in U. S. A. 2 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster User Manual Catalog Number: 81641 Version 3.20 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © Copyright 2002 - 2009 Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved worldwide. Proprietary Notice WeatherMaster, Capricorn 2000, Capricorn 2000EX, Pegasus, Pegasus EX, Orion, Orion LX, and Magellan Weather Stations are trademarks of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. The information and drawings contained herein are the sole property of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Use of this publication is reserved exclusively for customers of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. and their personnel. Reproduction of this material is forbidden without the express written consent of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Company Address Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. 2240 NE Griffin Oaks Street, Suite 100 Hillsboro, OR 97124-6463 Telephone: (503) 629-0887 Fax: (503) 629-0898 Web Site: http://www.columbiaweather.com Email: info@columbiaweather.com WeatherMaster? 3 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. 3 WELCOME........................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 9 FEATURES......................................................................................................... 9 INSTALLATION............................................................................................. 11 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION.............................................................................. 11 CONFIGURATION......................................................................................... 13 WEATHER STATIONS ...................................................................................... 13 Adding a new station.................................................................................. 14 SOFTWARE SETTINGS ..................................................................................... 17 Capricorn/Pegasus Station Type ............................................................... 17 Orion Serial and Magellan Serial Station Types ....................................... 20 MicroServer Station Type .......................................................................... 21 Web XML and File XML Station Types...................................................... 22 XML Output ............................................................................................... 22 DISPLAY ......................................................................................................... 26 Units of Measurements .............................................................................. 26 EXPORT SETUP ............................................................................................... 27 Data Export................................................................................................ 27 Manual Data Export .................................................................................. 28 Data File Format ....................................................................................... 28 HTML Export ............................................................................................. 29 Manual HTML Export................................................................................ 30 HTML Template Format ............................................................................ 30 Firewall Setup............................................................................................ 35 ALARMS ......................................................................................................... 37 Alarm Conditions ....................................................................................... 37 Notifications............................................................................................... 38 Popup Notification ..................................................................................... 38 Email Notification...................................................................................... 39 Relay Control Notification ......................................................................... 40 Alarm Condition......................................................................................... 41 EMAIL REPORT ............................................................................................... 42 OPERATION ................................................................................................... 45 DISPLAY SCREEN ............................................................................................ 45 WIND SCREEN ................................................................................................ 46 TEMPERATURE/RAIN SCREEN ......................................................................... 49 4 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. STATUS BAR ................................................................................................... 50 TREND SCREEN............................................................................................... 51 MIN/MAX SCREEN.......................................................................................... 52 STATISTICS ..................................................................................................... 53 ALOHA SOFTWARE INTERFACE..................................................................... 55 Interfacing ALOHA to WeatherMaster ...................................................... 55 DATABASE...................................................................................................... 59 Common Fields .......................................................................................... 59 Stations....................................................................................................... 60 Parameters................................................................................................. 60 Trend.......................................................................................................... 60 MinMax...................................................................................................... 61 DailyStatistics ............................................................................................ 62 TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................. 63 Debug Window........................................................................................... 63 Incorrect Temperature Readings (Capricorn/Pegasus Only) .................... 65 USER SUPPORT INFORMATION............................................................... 67 TECHNICAL SUPPORT...................................................................................... 67 SOFTWARE LICENSE ....................................................................................... 67 LIMITED WARRANTY ...................................................................................... 67 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY .............................................................................. 67 REMEDIES ....................................................................................................... 68 REFERENCE................................................................................................... 69 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................... 69 Self-Aspirating Radiation Shield................................................................ 69 Barometric Pressure .................................................................................. 69 Celsius Temperature Scale......................................................................... 69 Dew Point .................................................................................................. 69 Fahrenheit Temperature Scale................................................................... 69 Global Radiation........................................................................................ 69 Heat Index.................................................................................................. 69 Pyranometer............................................................................................... 70 Relative Humidity....................................................................................... 70 Sea Level Pressure..................................................................................... 70 Soil Moisture.............................................................................................. 70 Solar Radiation .......................................................................................... 70 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) ...................................................... 70 Wind Chill .................................................................................................. 70 UNIT CONVERSION ......................................................................................... 71 Speed.......................................................................................................... 71 Temperature............................................................................................... 71 Distance ..................................................................................................... 71 Pressure ..................................................................................................... 71 WeatherMaster? 5 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Solar Radiation .......................................................................................... 71 TABLES AND FORMULAS................................................................................. 72 Wind Chill Chart........................................................................................ 72 Wind Chill Equation .................................................................................. 73 Heat Index.................................................................................................. 74 Dew Point .................................................................................................. 75 Evapotranspiration .................................................................................... 75 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Approximation ............................. 75 6 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 7 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Welcome Welcome to the Columbia Weather Systems family of users and congratulations on your purchase of WeatherMaster software. 8 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 9 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Introduction Features • Compatible with Capricorn, Pegasus, Orion, Orion LX, Magellan and Web XML data. • Collects data from single or multiple weather stations connected to separate COM ports on the computer, or through network connection. • Displays data using multiple XML pages. • Automatically updates a web page for each station using an HTML template. • Automatically generates a data export file to upload to an FTP sever for each station. • Displays trend chart, min/max and daily statistics for each station. • Prints all views in full report form. • Allows historical data to be viewed in trend, min/max, and daily statistics pages. • Emails a weather report. • Provides flexible alarm conditions for individual stations. • Allows multiple alarm conditions and notifications. • Alarm notifications include popup, email, and relay control. • Allows for user defined wind direction offset. • Interfaces with ALOHA software*. * Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres Software 10 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 11 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Installation Software Installation Insert CD-ROM in drive. The CD-ROM will auto run and start the installation. If not, please double click on the Setup.exe file to start the installation. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation. 12 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 13 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Configuration Weather Stations From the Configuration menu, select Weather Stations. 14 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Adding a new station To add a new station, select the Add button in the Edit Weather Station dialog. Capricorn/Pegasus, Orion Serial, and Magellan Serial Types: The Capricorn, Pegasus, Orion, and Magellan weather stations communicate with WeatherMaster via an RS-232 serial communication port (Comm Port). If the computer does not have a built-in serial port, a USB to Serial converter can be used to create a virtual serial port. For Capricorn and Pegasus stations, enter the Control Module serial number. For Orion Serial, and Magellan Serial enter 100 as the serial number. If adding more than one station, increment the serial number. Enter the weather station location, such as Aloclek Drive, Hillsboro, North Runway, Command Center or any other description desired. Select the Comm Port to which the station is connected from the drop down list. WeatherMaster? 15 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. MicroServer, Web XML, and File XML Site Station Types: The MicroServer communicates with WeatherMaster via the Ethernet network using XML data. The Web XML station communicates with WeatherMaster via the Internet using XML data which is exported to the Internet by the Orion LX MicroServer every 15 seconds. The File XML station communicates with WeatherMaster via the Network using XML data which is exported to the Internet by the Orion LX MicroServer every 15 seconds. For the MicroServer station, enter the serial number of the MicroServer. For Web and File XML stations, enter 100 as the serial number. If adding more than one station, increment the serial number. Enter the weather station location, such as Aloclek Drive, Hillsboro, North Runway, Command Center or any other description desired. For MicroServer stations, enter the MicroServer IP address (found on the bottom of the MicroServer enclosure). For Web XML stations, enter the web address and xml file name, e.g. www.columbiaweather.com/commandcenter.xml. For File XML stations, enter the path and XML file name, e.g. C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Columbia Weather Systems, Inc\\\\Weather Master 2000\\\\weather.xml 16 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Check “Interface to Aloha” to interface WeatherMaster with ALOHA (Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) software. If there are multiple weather stations communicating with the software, only the first station defined will communicate with ALOHA software. Use the Add button to add more stations as required. Click OK when finished. Click Cancel to close the dialog without saving any changes. WeatherMaster? 17 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Software Settings Select the Edit button from the Weather Station dialog to change the station configuration. Capricorn/Pegasus Station Type Location description and port settings can be edited. If using evapotranspiration, enter the appropriate crop factor. Crop factor 1 is for a reference crop of Alfalfa. Evapotranspiration is calculated using the 1982 Kimberly-Penman formula as applied in the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Pacific Northwest AgriMet Program. Note: In order to correctly calculate Evapotranspiration, the following sensors must be installed in the system: • Air temperature • Wind speed and direction • Relative humidity • Solar radiation If using Degree-Day, enter the reference temperature to be used in the calculations. The Degree-Day reference temperature must be entered in degrees F. 18 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Degree-Day = Average Temperature – Reference Temperature Reference temperature varies from one application to another. Enter the start date for Degree-Day accumulation. Degree-Day accumulation for the season (from the start date) is displayed in the Temperature/Rain and Statistics screens. Wind Direction Offset: Allows the user to enter a degree offset to change the wind direction value. This feature is useful for vehicle or boat mounted systems. The offset is added to the actual wind direction value. For example, if the sensor output is 45º and the offset is 10º, then WeatherMaster will display 55º for the wind direction value. Sensors (Capricorn/Pegasus only) In the Edit Weather Station dialog, select the Sensors tab. Select the sensors that are installed in the weather station. If temperature 1 is not selected, then wind chill, dew point and heat index will not be displayed. If relative humidity is not selected, then dew point, and heat index will not be displayed Note: Wind speed, wind direction, and barometric pressure are always installed in the software. WeatherMaster? 19 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Define the sensors connected to multi-purpose channels, X1 and X2. These channels are only available with the Capricorn 2000MP. Normally solar radiation is connected to X1 and soil moisture is connected to X2. If there aren’t any sensors connected to these channels, X1 and X2 sensor entries should be left blank. Reset Sensors: Click on this button to re-initialize Temperature 1 sensor. This feature is only applicable for weather stations with only one temperature sensor. Station Properties (Capricorn/Pegasus only) In the Edit Weather Station dialog, select the Station Properties tab. The dialog will display all sensor calibration offsets and internal settings of the weather station. These settings are pre-configured at the factory. To change any of these settings, simply highlight the desired value and type in the new value. T1 through T4 Offsets: are the temperature calibration offsets found on the temperature probe cables in Capricorn or Pegasus weather stations. For the Orion weather station, T1 is the only relevant temperature offset. This offset can be used to adjust the temperature reading if desired. Pressure Offset: is the barometric pressure calibration offset. For example: 56 pressure offset will increase the barometric pressure reading by 0.56 in Hg. 20 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Altitude: is the elevation of the site being monitored. 0 ft is the default value set at the factory. This value should be changed to reflect the correct altitude of the site. The altitude setting will affect the barometric pressure reading. An increase of 10 feet will increase the pressure reading by 0.01 in Hg. Hi/Lo Interval: This setting determines how often a high (maximum) and low (minimum) record is stored in the data log of the Control Module. Logging Interval: This setting determines how often a current value record of all sensors is stored in the data log of the Control Module. Select Save to Weather Station to save the changes without exiting the dialog. After changing the settings, select OK and the software will send the new values to the Control Module. Selecting Cancel will close the dialog without any changes taking effect. Please refer to the Weather Station User Manual for more information about calibration and settings values. Orion Serial and Magellan Serial Station Types Location description and port settings can be edited. Pressure Offset: is the barometric pressure calibration offset. For example: 56 pressure offset will increase the barometric pressure reading by 0.56 in Hg. WeatherMaster? 21 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Altitude: is the elevation of the site being monitored. 0 ft is the default value set at the factory. This value should be changed to reflect the correct altitude of the site. The altitude setting will affect the barometric pressure reading. An increase of 10 feet will increase the pressure reading by 0.01 in Hg. Rain for the year offset: is used to correct the rainfall amount for the year. Wind Direction Offset: Allows the user to enter a degree offset to change the wind direction value. This feature is useful for vehicle or boat mounted systems. The offset is added to the actual wind direction value. For example, if the sensor output is 45º and the offset is 10º, then WeatherMaster will display 55º for the wind direction value. MicroServer Station Type Location description and server settings can be edited. If using Degree-Day, enter the reference temperature to be used in the calculations. The Degree-Day reference temperature must be entered in degrees F. Degree-Day = Average Temperature – Reference Temperature 22 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Web XML and File XML Station Types Location description and server settings can be edited. If using Degree-Day, enter the reference temperature to be used in the calculations. The Degree-Day reference temperature must be entered in degrees F. Degree-Day = Average Temperature – Reference Temperature XML Output WeatherMaster is able to output the current weather data in an XML file format. WeatherMaster? 23 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. In the Edit Weather Station dialog (any station type), click on the Change button in the Xml Data Output box. Browse and select the location and enter a file name. Check “Output Xml data to file” box to enable the feature. The XML File will reflect the parameters available for the station type selected and it has the following format: 2009/06/10 12:11:40 2 132 29.74 29.94 61.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.0 61.1 61.0 65.6 53.8 105.8 544 0.09 0.09 0.30 12.82 0.00 2 138 3 142 24 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. 2 134 5 157 6 204 0 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00 0 0.00 56.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 000 0 1899/12/30 00:00:00 000 000 1899/12/30 00:00:00WeatherMaster? 25 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Data Logs (Capricorn/Pegasus only) (Not relevant in Orion, Orion LX and Web Site station types.) From the Configuration menu item, select Data Logs. The Control Module of the Capricorn 2000 weather station has a built-in data log that is continuously recording the values of sensors based on user defined interval. To manually download the data log and save it to the database, check “Read data logs now” and select OK. To delete the data logs in the Control Module after downloading it, check “Delete data logs when read”. Note: If the Control Module is also connected to other devices such as a modem or other computers, deleting the data log will prevent the other devices from accessing the data. Downloading a full data log will take about 1 to 2 minutes. The downloaded data will be incorporated into the software database. To change the data log recording intervals, please refer to Weather stations/Station Properties section in the user manual. 26 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Display Units of Measurements To set up the unit of measurement, select Display from the Options menu list. In the Units tab select the desired units for the temperature, wind, pressure, and rainfall parameters. The temperature unit selection will apply to all temperature readings, wind chill, heat index, dew point, and degree day. The rainfall unit selection will apply to all rain values and evapotranspiration. WeatherMaster? 27 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Export Setup From the Options menu, select Export Setup. Data Export To configure WeatherMaster to export text data to a local computer or the Internet, select the Data Export tab from the Export Setup dialog. 28 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Check the Enable Automatic Export box if you want WeatherMaster to automatically export the data. Select the desired export interval. The minimum interval is 5 minutes. Select the amount of data to be included in the text file by specifying the data period in hours. The minimum data period is one hour and the maximum period is 24 hours. Check the Export Column Name as First Line box if you would like WeatherMaster to include the column names in the first line. Select the data destination, local computer or FTP Host (Internet). If local computer is selected, enter the path of the directory (or folder) where the file will be saved. If the path is left blank, the file will be saved in the program folder. If FTP Host is selected, enter the FTP connection information. This information can be obtained from the FTP host provider. Manual Data Export To manually export text data, select Export Data from the File menu list. WeatherMaster will start the export process based on the setup in the Data Export dialog. Data File Format The first line of the data file may be a comma-delimited list of the field names, in the order represented by the values in each record. This line is optional. The rest of the file consists of comma delimited data records. Actual programmed parameter names will be output for optional sensors X1 and X2. Here is a sample of an output file with one record. Date,Time,"Peak Wind Speed","Avg. Wind Speed","Wind Direction",Rain,"Rel. Humidity","Bar. Pressure",Temp1,Temp2,Temp3,Temp4,"Leaf Wetness","Soil Moisture","Indoor Relative Humidity","Wind Chill","Heat Index","Dew Point" 12/30/99,00:00,0,0,0,0,100,30.18,72.1,255,255,255,97.6,5,1.22,72.1,75,72.1 One output file is generated for each weather station with the name nnntrh.txt, where nnn is the station serial number for the given station. The output files are optionally uploaded to an FTP server. See Options|Export Setup. WeatherMaster? 29 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. HTML Export To configure WeatherMaster to export an HTML file to a local computer or the Internet, select the HTML Export tab from the Export Setup dialog. Check the Enable Automatic Export box, if you want WeatherMaster to automatically export the data. Select the desired export interval. The minimum interval is 5 minutes. Select the amount of data to be included in the text file by specifying the data period in hours. The minimum data period is one hour and the maximum period is 24 hours. Check the Export Column Name as First Line box if you would like WeatherMaster to include the column names in the first line. 30 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Select the data destination, local computer or FTP Host (Internet). If local computer is selected, enter the path of the directory (or folder) where the file will be saved. If the path is left blank, the file will be saved in the program folder. If FTP Host is selected, enter the FTP connection information. This information can be obtained from the FTP host provider. Manual HTML Export To manually export the HTML file, select Export HTML from the File menu list. WeatherMaster will start the export process based on the setup in the HTML Export dialog. HTML Template Format HTML Export requires customizing the file , which can be found in the directory where WeatherMaster is installed. Sample.html is an HTML file, in which special tags are replaced with the current parameter readings from weather stations. Values will be entered in the units specified in the WeatherMaster Display Options. One output file is generated for each weather station in the form of nnnsample.html, where nnn is the station serial number for the given station. The output files are optionally uploaded to an FTP server. Parameter HTML Tag Date <#Date Format="mm/dd/yyyy"> Last Sample timestamp <#Time_of_day> Wind Speed <#inst_wind_speed> Wind Direction <#inst_wind_dir> 3-sec Wind Speed Average <#_3sec_gust_wind_speed> 3-sec Wind Direction Average <#_3sec_gust_wind_dir> 2-min Wind Speed Average <#_2min_rolling_avg_wind_speed> 2-min Wind Direction Average <#_2min_rolling_avg_wind_dir> 10-min Wind Speed Average <#_10min_rolling_avg_wind_speed> 10-min Wind Direction Average <#_10min_rolling_avg_wind_dir> 10-min Wind Speed Peak <#_10min_peak_windspeed> Wind Direction at 10-min Wind Speed Peak <#_10min_winddir_atpeak> WeatherMaster? 31 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. 60-min Wind Speed Peak <#_60min_peak_windspeed> Wind Direction at 60-min Wind Speed Peak <#_60min_winddir_atpeak> Wind Run <#windrun> Vector Mean Wind Speed <#vmean_windrun> Vector Mean Wind Direction <#vmean_winddir> Vector Mean Wind Direction Standard Deviation <#vmean_winddirstddev> Air Temperature <#temp1> Temperature 2 <#temp2> Temperature 3 <#temp3> Temperature 4 <#temp 4> Relative Humidity <#rel_humidity> Barometric Pressure <#barom_press> Raw Barometric Pressure <#raw_barom_pressure> Density Altitude <#density_altitude> Wind Chill <#wind_chill> Heat Index <#heat_index> Dew Point <#dew_point> Wet Bulb Globe Temperature <#wet_bulb_globe_temp> Wet Bulb Temperature <#wet_bulb_temp> Degree Day <#degree_day> Rain for the Day <#rain_today> Rain for the Week <#rain_this_week> Rain for the Month <#rain_this_month> Rain for the Year <#rain_this_year> Rain Rate <#rain_rate> Solar Radiation <#solar_radiation> Saturated Vapor Pressure <#saturated_vapor_pressure> Vapor Pressure <#vapor_pressure> Dry Air Pressure <#dry_air_pressure> 32 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Dry Air Density <#dry_air_density> Wet Air Density <#wet_air_density> Absolute Humidity <#absolute_humitiy> Air Density Ratio <#air_density_ratio> Adjusted Altitude <#adjusted_altitude> SAE Correction Factor <#SAE_correction_factor> Extinction Coefficient <#extinction_coefficient> Lux meter <#lux> Day/Night <#day_night> Wind Speed 2 <#wind_speed_2> Raw Wind Direction 2 <#raw_wind_dir_2> 3-sec Wind Speed Average 2 <#_3sec_gust_wind_speed_2> 3-sec Wind Direction Avg 2 <#_3sec_gust_wind_dir_2> 2-min Wind Speed Average 2 <#_2min_rolling_avg_wind_speed_2> 2-min Wind Direction Avg 2 <#_2min_rolling_avg_wind_dir_2> 10-min Wind Speed Avg 2 <#_10min_rolling_avg_wind_speed_2> 10-min Wind Direction Avg 2 <#_10min_rolling_avg_wind_dir_2> 10-min Wind Speed Peak 2 <#_10min_peak_windspeed_2> Wind Direction at 10-min Wind Speed Peak 2 <#_10min_winddir_atpeak_2> 60-min Wind Speed Peak 2 <#_60min_peak_windspeed_2> Wind Direction at 60-min Wind Speed Peak 2 <#_60min_winddir_atpeak_2> Soil Moisture <#soil_moisture> Leaf Wetness <#leaf_wetness> Evapotranspiration <#et> Note: Some HTML tags are not available for certain station types. To have the date or time included, use these tags: <#Date> <#Time> WeatherMaster? 33 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. You can optionally include a Format=”***” parameter in the #Date or #Time tag. The Format string is used to program the exact type of date or time format desired. Here are some samples: <#Date Format=”mm/dd/yyyy”> <#Time Format=”tt”> The following is a complete list of options for date/time Format strings: Specifier Displays nd Displays the day as a number without a leading zero (1-31). dd Displays the day as a number with a leading zero (01-31). ddd Displays the day as an abbreviation (Sun-Sat) using the strings given by the ShortDayNames global variable. dddd Displays the day as a full name (Sunday-Saturday) using the strings given by the LongDayNames global variable. m Displays the month as a number without a leading zero (1-12). If the m specifier immediately follows an h or hh specifier, the minute rather than the month is displayed. mm Displays the month as a number with a leading zero (01-12). If the mm specifier immediately follows an h or hh specifier, the minute rather than the month is displayed. mmm Displays the month as an abbreviation (Jan-Dec) using the strings given by the ShortMonthNames global variable. mmmm Displays the month as a full name (January-December) using the strings given by the LongMonthNames global variable. yy Displays the year as a two-digit number (00-99). yyyy Displays the year as a four-digit number (0000-9999). h Displays the hour without a leading zero (0-23). hh Displays the hour with a leading zero (00-23). n Displays the minute without a leading zero (0-59). nn Displays the minute with a leading zero (00-59). s Displays the second without a leading zero (0-59). ss Displays the second with a leading zero (00-59). am/pm Uses the 12-hour clock for the preceding h or hh specifier, and displays 'am' for any hour before noon, and 'pm' for any hour after noon. The am/pm specifier can use lower, upper, or mixed case, and the result is displayed accordingly. 34 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. a/p Uses the 12-hour clock for the preceding h or hh specifier, and displays 'a' for any hour before noon, and 'p' for any hour after noon. The a/p specifier can use lower, upper, or mixed case, and the result is displayed accordingly. / Displays the date separator character given by the DateSeparator global variable. : Displays the time separator character given by the TimeSeparator global variable. Sample.html file can be modified/customized by the user to fit the look and feel of an existing web site. WeatherMaster? 35 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Firewall Setup To configure the firewall properties, select the Firewall tab in the Export Setup dialog. If the network is not using a firewall, do not check the Use Firewall box. If a firewall is used, obtain information about your firewall from your network administrator. Depending on the type of firewall, you'll need the following information: Use Firewall: If you are behind a firewall host, make sure this is checked. You must insure that the firewall information has been correctly entered. You can specify a PORT to be used for the firewall. Firewall Type: Select the firewall type from the drop-down list. 36 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Host Name: Specify the name or IP address of the firewall. Check the Authentication Required box if necessary. User ID: Enter the firewall User ID or leave blank if not used. Password: Enter the firewall password for the specified User ID or leave blank if not used. Port: Specify the firewall port. WeatherMaster? 37 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Alarms WeatherMaster has the capability of setting an unlimited number of alarm conditions with each alarm having one or more notification method. To view the alarms dialog, select Alarms from the Option menu. Alarm Conditions To define an alarm condition, select the Add button under the Alarm Conditions window. 38 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Enter a descriptive name for the alarm and select OK. The alarm condition name will be listed in the Alarm Conditions window. Select the name of the parameter. Define the upper and/or lower limits. Note: Only rainfall and barometric pressure parameters have a maximum rate of change settings and rising and falling conditions. Notifications WeatherMaster allows an unlimited number of notifications, which can be shared by multiple alarms. To define a notification, select the Add button at the bottom of the Notifications window. There are three types of notifications available: Popup Notification Enter a descriptive name for this notification and select Popup Only. A Popup notification will cause the computer to sound a tone when the alarm conditions are met. WeatherMaster? 39 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Email Notification Enter the descriptive name for this notification and select Email. Enter the Sender Name. This should be the name of the person using WeatherMaster. Enter the Sender Email. This should be the email address of the person using WeatherMaster. Enter a subject line that WeatherMaster can use in the email. Enter the email address of the recipient. This can be the same as the sender’s email address, if the sender wishes to be notified. Enter the name of the Mail Server. To get the name of the server: 1. From the Windows Start button, select Settings, then select Control Panel. 2. In the Control Panel window, double click on the Mail icon. 3. Select your email service and click on the Properties button. 4. Select the Servers tab to view the name of the mail server next to the Outgoing Mail (SMTP). Click OK to close this window and save any changes. Click Cancel to close the window and discard any edits. 40 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Relay Control Notification The Relay Control notification feature is available in WeatherMaster with the addition of a USB 4 channel Relay Controller. Please contact Columbia Weather Systems for more information. Enter a descriptive name for this notification and select Relay Control. Select the desired relay to activate. Four relays are available, K0 through K3. Once an alarm condition is met, the selected relay will close momentarily and a popup window will be displayed. The Relay Controller is designed to activate a secondary latch relay with a user selectable timer. Click OK to close the Notification window and save any changes. Click Cancel to close the window and discard any edits. WeatherMaster? 41 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Alarm Condition Once an alarm condition has occurred, an Alarm Condition window will appear on the screen with a list of alarms that have occurred listing the date and time, name of the notification, name of the alarm, the value of the parameter and which limit has been violated. The software will continue to display this screen until the user clicks on the OK button to acknowledge the alarm information. 42 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Email Report WeatherMaster has the capability of sending an email report at a user selectable interval to multiple email addresses. The email message can also be sent as a cell phone text message by simply emailing the cell phone. For a cell phone email address, please visit the cell phone service provider’s web site. To view the Email Notification dialog, select Email Report from the Option menu. Select the desired weather station. Use the drop down if you have multiple weather stations defined in WeatherMaster. Check the “Enable Email Report for this station”. Select the email report interval. Minimum interval is 5 minutes. Enter the sender name, sender email, and subject line. Enter the recipient’s email address. Use a semi colon to separate multiple email addresses. Enter the outgoing mail server (SMTP) used by the computer. This information can be found in the Control Panel/Mail/Email Account. Check “Mail server uses authentication” if your email service requires authentication. Enter the user and password required. WeatherMaster? 43 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Select the measurements to add to the report. The Report Preview will display the selected parameters and their current values. If you are sending the report to a cell phone, you can check the Use Short Names to abbreviate the parameter names. Cell phone text messages have a 150 character limitations. Use the Send Test Email button to send a test Email Report. Click OK to apply the changes and close the dialog. 44 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 45 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Operation Display Screen The Display screen presents the main parameters clearly, using large text and a graphical wind rose. This screen is defined using an XML file that can be customized at the factory. 46 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Wind Screen The Wind screen is dedicated to displaying wind information. This screen presents two wind charts: Vector Mean Chart and Wind Run Chart along with wind averages, peaks, and instantaneous values. WeatherMaster? 47 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Vector Mean Chart: Displays the vector mean wind distance, vector mean wind direction, and wind direction standard deviation for the last hour. In other words, this chart shows the distance and direction to which the wind has traveled in the last hour. The chart is self scaling based on wind speed. The related parameters are displayed in text as well as graphical format. 48 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Wind Run Chart: Displays distance and direction the wind has traveled in the last hour for all 16 points around the compass. This chart is self scaling based on wind speed. Wind Averages are displayed in this Wind screen in 3 second, 2 minute and 10 minute running average intervals. Wind Peaks are displayed in this screen in 10 minute and 1 hour running intervals. Instantaneous wind direction and speed are displayed and updated every second. The Wind screen is defined using an XML file that can be customized at the factory. WeatherMaster? 49 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Temperature/Rain Screen The Temperature/Rain screen displays the current values for temperature and rain parameters and other auxiliary sensors and parameters. All four available temperature sensor values are displayed. If the system has only one temperature sensor connected, the values for temperature 2, 3 and 4 will be blank. Only the Capricorn/Pegasus stations have multiple temperature sensor capabilities. Rain values are displayed for the day, week, month, and year. Evapotranspiration (ET) is displayed for the previous day. ET is calculated at midnight for the current day. Evapotranspiration is calculated using the 1982 Kimberly-Penman formula as applied in the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s Pacific Northwest AgriMet Program. Degree Day (Season) is the degree day accumulation from the defined start date. The start date and base temperature setup can be found in Software Settings. Fuel moisture is displayed in 1-hour, 10 hours and 1000-hour fuel sticks. Fuel moisture is calculated based on the Nelson Fuel Moisture Algorithm and requires temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall data. 50 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Status Bar The segmented bar at the bottom of the main window displays status for various operations including: 1. Communications 2. Database Access 3. FTP Access 4. Email Notification 5. Pager Notification To preview the screen, select Print Preview from the File menu list. To print the screen, select Print from the File menu list. WeatherMaster? 51 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Trend Screen The Trend screen displays a 24-hour graph of the selected parameter. The graph will display the 24-hour data from 12:00 PM to 12:00 PM (or current time). The graph is self-scaling based on the data values and the size of the graph window. To select a parameter, use the drop down arrow in the Parameter field and select the desired parameter. To graph data for another day, use the drop down arrow in the Date field and select the desired date from the calendar. Note: Once a date other than the current date is selected, the Min/Max and Statistics pages will also reflect that date. Once any of the Display screens are selected, all pages reset to the current date. To preview the screen, select Print Preview from the File menu list. To print the screen, select Print from the File menu list. 52 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Min/Max Screen The Min/Max screen displays the minimum and maximum values for all the parameters including the time of occurrence for the selected day. To view min/max data for another day, use the drop down arrow in the Date field and select the desired date from the calendar. Note: Once a date other than the current date is selected, the Trend and Statistics pages will also reflect that date. Once any of the Display screens are selected, all pages reset to the current date. To preview the screen, select Print Preview from the File menu list. To print the screen, select Print from the File menu list. WeatherMaster? 53 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Statistics The Statistics page displays daily and monthly statistics. For the current month, the monthly values are for the month-to-date. For a previous month, the monthly values are for the entire month. Degree Day value for the month is the degree day accumulation for the month. Evapotranspiration is in inches per day. Note: Not all parameters will have relevant daily or monthly values. In this case a dash (-) will be displayed to indicate that the information is not applicable. To view statistical data for another day, use the drop down arrow in the Date field and select the desired date from the calendar. 54 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Note: Once a date other than the current date is selected, the Trend and Min/Max pages will also reflect that date. Once any of the Display screens are selected, all pages reset to the current date. To preview the screen, select Print Preview from the File menu list. To print the screen, select Print from the File menu list. WeatherMaster? 55 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. ALOHA Software Interface ALOHA (Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) is software jointly developed by NOAA and EPA. This software is used to model and plot plumes of hazardous gases and chemicals by HazMat and Emergency Management teams. To predict how a pollutant cloud might disperse in the atmosphere, ALOHA needs information about weather conditions at the release site. WeatherMaster automatically transmits weather data in the ALOHA format every 30 seconds. WeatherMaster transmits the following data, also called SAM (Station for Atmospheric Measurements): ID = the station identification number VS = the vector mean wind speed, averaged over 5 minutes (in meters per second) WD = the vector mean wind direction, averaged over 5 minutes (in degrees true) SD = the standard deviation of the wind direction (in degrees) TA = the mean air temperature, averaged over 5 minutes (in °C) SP = the instantaneous wind speed (in meters per second) DI = the instantaneous wind direction (in degrees true) TI = the instantaneous air temperature (in °C) B = instantaneous SAM battery voltage (in volts) CHK = a checksum value Note: The weather stations do not measure battery voltage and therefore always transmit 0.00 volts for battery voltage. Interfacing ALOHA to WeatherMaster From the Configuration menu list in WeatherMaster, select Configuration. Check “Interface to ALOHA” to interface WeatherMaster with ALOHA (Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) software. If there is more than one station installed, only the first station can interface with ALOHA. 56 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Use the following procedure to successfully connect ALOHA to WeatherMaster: 1. Close both ALOHA and WeatherMaster (if they are open). 2. Open ALOHA software and click OK at the introductory window. 3. Make sure a site location is defined in ALOHA. 4. Minimize ALOHA window. 5. Open WeatherMaster. 6. After the station properties are read, wait for 30 seconds. 7. In ALOHA, click on Setup/Atmospheric/SAM Station. 8. Click Yes to communicate with the running application. 9. Enter desired information in the “User Input for SAM Unit” window and click OK. 10. Enter desired information in the “Cloud Cover and Humidity” window and click OK. 11. Wait approximately one minute while the software programs interface. 12. ALOHA will display the weather data from WeatherMaster. WeatherMaster? 57 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. 13. WeatherMaster will show ALOHA Active in the status bar. Note: If ALOHA and WeatherMaster are not communicating WeatherMaster will show ALOHA Unavailable in the status bar and ALOHA will ask for a COM port when a SAM Station is selected. This problem occurs when the NOAA_32.dll file is located somewhere other than the Windows folder. This file should reside only in the Windows folder. Perform a search to verify that the NOAA_32.dll file only exists in the C:\\\\Windows folder (or equivalent.) If other copies of the NOAA_32.dll are found, simply rename then to NOAA_32.tmp. 58 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 59 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Database WeatherMaster uses a Microsoft Access (97) format database to store weather data. Data collected from all weather stations is stored in the database every 1-minute interval. To access the database for purposes of editing, exporting, creating queries, forms or reports, create a new database in Microsoft Access and link to the tables found in wmasterdata.mdb. To link to the tables, select the following in Access: File/Get External Data/Link Tables. Caution: Do not convert wmasterdata.mdb database to newer formats of Microsoft Access. Once the database is converted, WeatherMaster will no longer be able to use the database. Note: All sensor and parameter values are stored in the database using English units. Common Fields StationID A unique number identifying a weather station ParamIndex A value 0 to 15, indicating which sampled parameter the record represents DateTS Current date All temperatures are stored in Degrees F. Wind Speed is stored in MPH. Rain is stored in inches. Barometric Pressure is stored in In.Hg. Radiation is stored in w/m2. 60 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Stations Purpose: To list weather stations in the system, including information necessary to calculate evapotranspiration and degree day from the DailyStatistics table. Primary Key: StationID Fields StationID Location Description indicating location of weather station DDRefTemp Degree Day Reference Temperature ETCropFactor Evapotranspiration Crop Factor Altitude Altitude for the weather station, in feet. Parameters Purpose: To list parameter names for each weather station. Primary Key: StationID, ParamIndex Fields StationID ParamIndex ParamName Name assigned to the given parameter. This value may vary from station to station for optional sensors. All standard parameter names will be the same for each station. Trend Purpose: To hold trend data sampled every minute. Primary Key: StationID, SampleTS Fields StationID SampleTS The date/time of the sample, provided by the weather station WindSpeed The peak wind speed detected during the 1 minute sample period AveWindSpeed The average wind speed for the 1 minute sample period WeatherMaster? 61 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WindDirection Wind Direction associated with the peak wind speed Rain Rainfall for the day RelHumidity Relative Humidity BarPressure Barometric Pressure Temp1 Temperature from temperature sensor 1 Temp2 Temperature from temperature sensor 2 Temp3 Temperature from temperature sensor 3 Temp4 Temperature from temperature sensor 4 LeafWetness Leaf Wetness X1 Optional sensor 1 X2 Optional sensor 2 WindChill Wind Chill HeatIndex Head Index DewPoint Dew Point MinMax Purpose: To hold daily min/max data Primary Key: StationID, DateTS, ParamIndex Fields StationID DateTS ParamIndex MinTS Time of day in which minimum occurred MinValue Minimum value for given parameter MaxTS Time of day in which maximum occurred MaxValue Maximum value for given parameter 62 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. DailyStatistics Purpose: To hold daily statistics Primary Key: StationID, DateTS Fields StationID DateTS AveRadiation Average radiation AveWindSpeed Average wind speed AveMeanTempDay Average of daily mean temperatures for last 3 days MinTemp Minimum temperature MaxTemp Maximum temperature MeanTemp Mean temperature MeanDewPoint Mean dew point UDegreeDay Degree Day, uncompensated (no reference temperature adjustment) UEvapotranspiration Evapotranspiration, uncompensated (no crop factor applied) WeatherMaster? 63 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Troubleshooting Debug Window To view the communication between the weather station and WeatherMaster, select the Debug menu item from the Help menu list. On the left side of the tool bar, WeatherMaster has an indicator bar showing the communication status. If the bar is blank, there is no communication between the weather station and the software. If the bar has a moving blue area, there is a communication stream between the two. To stop the data stream between the weather station and the software, click on the Stop (Esc) button. In some instances, it might take few seconds for the stoppage to occur. If the data stream does not stop, click on the button again. To resume the data stream between the weather station and the software, click on the Resume button. Note that all the records are preceded by the station serial number, 400 in this case. 64 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. The data displayed will differ from one station type to another. WeatherMaster? 65 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Incorrect Temperature Readings (Capricorn/Pegasus Only) When used with Capricorn or Pegasus weather stations, WeatherMaster has the capability of displaying four temperature readings. If the temperature reading is 255 °F (123.9 °C), the temperature sensor is not installed or has not been properly initialized in the Control Module. Verify that the temperature sensor is installed, and then perform the temperature sensor initialization procedure. Please refer to the Capricorn 2000 or Pegasus Weather Station User Manual for installation/initialization procedure. If only one temperature sensor is connected to the Capricorn or Pegasus station, the temperature sensor can be initialized using the Reset Sensor button in the Edit Weather Station/Sensors dialog. 66 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. WeatherMaster? 67 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. User Support Information Technical Support Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. offers free technical support to users. Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. reserves the right to revoke this policy at any time and charge a reasonable fee per hour for phone support. For technical support: Phone: 1 503 629-0887 Fax: 1 503 629-0898 Email: info@columbiaweather.com Office hours are 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM Pacific Time, Monday through Friday. Software License This Software is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The Software is licensed, not sold. You may install and use one copy of the Software on the Computer. Limited Warranty COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. WARRANTS THAT, FOR A PERIOD OF NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF DELIVERY TO YOU AS EVIDENCED BY A COPY OF YOUR INVOICE OR RECEIPT, THE MEDIA ON WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED UNDER NORMAL USE WILL BE FREE FROM DEFECTS IN MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP. EXCEPT FOR THE ABOVE EXPRESS LIMITED WARRANTIES, COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. MAKES, AND YOU RECEIVE, NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR IN ANY COMMUNICATION WITH YOU; AND COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY OTHER WARRANTY INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE. If this Software was purchased in the United States, the above exclusions may not apply to you since some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties. In addition to the above warranty rights, you may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. Limitation of Liability 68 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. IN NO EVENT WILL COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE, WHETHER ARISING FROM TORT OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, LOST PROFITS, COST OF COVER, OR OTHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM OR ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OR LIABILITY. THIS LIMITATION WILL APPLY EVEN IF COLUMBIA WEATHER SYSTEMS, INC. OR ANY AUTHORIZED DEALER OR RESELLER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE LICENSE FEE REFLECTS THIS ALLOCATION OF RISK. If you purchased this program in the United States, the above limitation may not apply to you because some states do not allow the limitation or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages. Remedies The entire liability of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. and your exclusive remedy under the warranty provided herein will be, at the option of Columbia Weather Systems, Inc., to attempt to correct or work around errors, to replace the media, or to refund the purchase price and terminate this Agreement. This remedy is subject to return of the Software to Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. or to the Authorized Dealer or Reseller from whom it was obtained along with a copy of your invoice or receipt. WeatherMaster? 69 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Reference Glossary Self-Aspirating Radiation Shield A device used to shield a sensor such as a temperature or humidity probes from direct and indirect radiation and rain while providing access for ventilation. Barometric Pressure The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the “column” of air lying directly above the point in question. Celsius Temperature Scale A temperature scale with the ice point at 0 degrees and the boiling point of water at 100 degrees. Dew Point The temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water-vapor content in order for saturation to occur. When this temperature is below 0°C, it is sometimes called the frost point. Fahrenheit Temperature Scale A temperature scale with the ice point at 32 degrees and the boiling point of water at 212 degrees. Global Radiation The total of direct solar radiation and diffused sky radiation received by a unit horizontal surface. Global radiation is measured by a pyranometer. Heat Index The heat index or apparent temperature is a measure of discomfort due to the combination of heat and humidity. It was developed in 1979 and is based on studies of evaporative skin cooling for combinations of temperature and humidity. 70 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Pyranometer Measures the combined intensity of incoming direct solar radiation and diffused sky radiation. The pyranometer consists of a radiation-sensing element, which is mounted so that it views the entire sky. Relative Humidity Popularly called humidity. The ratio of the actual vapor pressure of the air to the saturation vapor pressure. Sea Level Pressure The atmospheric pressure at mean sea level, either directly measured or, most commonly, empirically determined from the observed station pressure. In regions where the earth’s surface pressure is above sea level, it is standard observational practice to reduce the observed surface pressure to the value that would exist at sea level directly below. Soil Moisture Moisture in the soil within the zone of aeration present in the soil pores. In some cases this refers strictly to moisture within the root zone of plants. Solar Radiation The total electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. 99% of the suns energy output falls within the wavelength interval from 0.15 microns to 4.0 microns, with peak intensity near 0.47 microns. About one-half of the total energy in the solar beam is contained within the visible spectrum from 0.4 to 0.7 microns, and most of the other half lies near infrared, a small additional portion lying in the ultraviolet. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Is a composite temperature used to estimate the effect of temperature, humidity, and solar radiation on humans. Wind Chill That part of the total cooling of a body caused by air motion. WeatherMaster? 71 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Unit Conversion Speed Kilometers per hour = 1.610 x miles per hour Knots = 0.869 x miles per hour Meters per second = 0.448 x miles per hour Feet per second = 1.467 x miles per hour Temperature Temperature in °C = 5/9 (temperature in °F - 32) Temperature in °F = (1.8 x temperature in °C) + 32 Distance Millimeters = 25.4 x inches Centimeters = 2.54 x inches Pressure Millibars = 33.86 x inches of mercury Kilopascals = 3.386 x inches of mercury Pounds per square inch = 0.49 x inches of mercury Standard atmospheres = 0.0334 x inches of mercury Solar Radiation BTU/foot2 minutes = 0.00529 x watts/meter2 Joules/centimeter2 minutes = 0.006 x watts/meter2 Mega joules/meter2 day = 11.574 x watts/meter2 Langleys/minutes = 0.00143 x watts/meter2 72 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Tables and Formulas Wind Chill Chart In 2001, NWS implemented an updated Wind chill Temperature (WCT) index. The change improves upon the former WCT Index used by the NWS and the Meteorological Services of Canada, which was based on the 1945 Siple and Passel Index. In the fall of 2000, the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research (OFCM) formed a group consisting of several Federal agencies, MSC, the academic community (Indiana University-Purdue University in Indianapolis (IUPUI), University of Delaware and University of Missouri), and the International Society of Biometeorology to evaluate and improve the windchill formula. The group, chaired by the NWS, is called the Joint Action Group for temperature Indices (JAG/TI). JAG/TI's goal is to upgrade and standardize the index for temperature extremes internationally (e.g. Wind chill Index). The current formula uses advances in science, technology, and computer modeling to provide a more accurate, understandable, and useful formula for calculating the dangers from winter winds and freezing temperatures. WeatherMaster? 73 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Wind Chill Equation WC = 35.74 + 0.6215 T -35.75(V0.16) + 0.4275 T(V0.16) Where: WC = wind chill temperature in °F V = wind velocity in mph T = air temperature in °F Note: Wind chill Temperature is only defined for temperatures at or below 50 degrees F and wind speeds above 3 mph. 74 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Heat Index Temperature in °F RH 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 0 64 66 73 78 83 87 91 95 99 103 107 111 117 120 5 64 69 74 79 84 88 93 97 102 107 111 116 122 126 10 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 111 116 123 131 15 65 71 76 81 86 91 97 102 108 115 123 131 20 66 72 77 82 87 93 99 105 112 120 130 141 25 66 72 77 83 88 94 101 109 117 127 139 30 67 73 78 84 90 96 104 113 123 135 148 35 67 73 79 85 91 98 107 118 130 143 40 68 74 79 86 93 101 110 123 137 151 45 68 74 80 87 95 104 115 129 143 50 69 75 81 88 96 107 120 135 150 55 69 75 81 89 98 110 126 142 60 70 76 82 90 100 114 132 149 65 70 76 83 91 102 119 138 70 70 77 84 93 106 124 144 75 70 77 85 95 109 130 150 80 71 78 86 97 113 136 85 71 78 87 99 117 140 90 71 79 88 102 122 150 95 71 79 89 105 126 100 72 80 90 108 131 WeatherMaster? 75 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Dew Point B = (Ln (RH/100) + ((17.2694*T) / (237.7+T))) / 17.2694 Dew Point in °C = (238.3 * B) / (1-B) Where: RH = Relative Humidity T = Temperature in °C Ln = Natural logarithm B = Intermediate variable Evapotranspiration The 1982 Kimberly-Penman equation: ?ETx=(?/(?+?))(Rn-G)+(?/(?+?)) 6.43 Wf (es-ea) The Penman equation is known as a “combination equation” because it combines net radiation (the heat function) and advective energy transfer (the wind function) into one energy balance equation. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Approximation The approximation used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology does not take into account variations in the intensity of solar radiation or of wind speed, and assumes a moderately high radiation level in light wind conditions. Use of this approximation may lead to incorrect estimates of thermal stress, particularly in cloudy and windy conditions. Under these conditions the approximation is likely to lead to an overestimate of the stress. The approximation will also overestimate night-time and early morning conditions when the sun is low or below the horizon. The simplified formula is: WBGT = 0.567 x Ta + 0.393 x e + 3.94 Where: Ta = Dry bulb temperature in (°C) e = Water vapor pressure (hPa) [humidity] The vapor pressure can be calculated from the temperature and relative humidity using the equation: e= rh/100 x 6.105 x exp (17.27 x Ta / (237.7 + Ta)) Where: 76 WeatherMaster? ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. rh = Relative Humidity (%) Source: American college of Sports Medicine, Prevention of thermal injuries during distance running – Positon Stand. Med.J.Aust. 1984 Dec. 876 WeatherMaster? 77 ___________________________________________________________________ Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. Columbia Weather Systems, Inc. 2240 NE Griffin Oaks Street, Suite 100 Hillsboro, OR 97124-6463 Telephone (503) 629-0887 Fax (503) 629-0898 Web Site http://www.columbiaweather.com Email info@columbiaweather.com Catalog Number: 81641 Version 3.20 Printed in U.S.A.