Zeta-Meter Catalog #15

to comfortablyobserve colloidalparticles inside achamber called anelectrophoresis cell.An electric fieldcauses chargedcolloids to move withOnce your sample isPractical InstrumentationMore than 40 years ago, we pioneeredthe development of a simple, reliableinstrument to measure electrophoreticmobility and zeta potential.Our Zeta-Meter System 4.0 continuesthis tradition and makes thedetermination even more convenient.Reliably SimpleThe measurement is very direct. Thesample is placed in a viewing chambercalled an electrophoresis cell. Then anelectric field is activated. This causesthe colloids to move with a velocity thatis proportional to their zeta potential,and a direction that indicates whethertheir charge is positive or negative.Once your sample is in the cell, youget your first results in a matter ofseconds, and complete results inminutes.Guaranteed SupportOur instruments are covered by a 2year limited warranty. In addition, ifyour Zeta-Meter ever needs servicingand you just can’t do without it—don’tworry—we’ll send you one at nocharge. Just pay the freight andinsurance and it’s yours for as long aswe have your system here for repair. Infact, if your unit is under warranty we’llship the other to you absolutely free. Ifyou are outside the USA we’ll ship youeasy-to-install replacement parts byexpress mail or courier service.We also offer unlimited technicalsupport via telephone (toll-free in theUSA), fax or e-mail. We will doeverything possible to help you withyour Zeta-Meter.Easy to UseJust fill the cell with your sample, insertthe electrodes and connect them to theZeta-Meter 4.0 unit. It determines thespecific conductance of your sampleand helps select the appropriatevoltage. It also measures sampletemperature with an accurate probe.Energize the electrodes and watch thecolloids as they move across a grid inyour microscope or video display. Trackone by simply pressing a button andholding it down while your colloidmoves across the grid. When yourelease the button, your colloid’s zetapotential (or electrophoretic mobility) isinstantly displayed.Error FreeThe Zeta-Meter 4.0 is mistake-proof. Itrecognizes impractical results andtracking times that are too short.Data Display & ReviewThe Zeta-Meter 4.0 constantly displaysa summary of your measurements. Youcan see how many colloids you havetracked, their average zeta potential (orelectrophoretic mobility) and thestatistical standard deviation of yourvalues. In addition, temperature andaverage specific conductance are alsodisplayed.You can review your data in detail atany time by using the keypad to stepthrough each inividual tracking value.You can easily scrub inconsistent data.Hard CopyYou can feed your data directly into theserial port of a personal computer.Our free software imports your datainto a database that lets you store,search, graph, print and review yourdata.Proven ValueZeta-Meter 4.0 UnitEasy to UseDetailed LCD DisplayZeta-Meter 4.0 UnitGraphical AnalysisZETA-METER 4.0100-29.5VoltsDCZPmVVolts:Scale:Avg. SC:Temp:Average:Std Dev:Count:100Full215.6 uS/cm22.4 C-31.203.2130/30100-29.5VoltsDCZPmVVolts:Scale:Avg. SC:Temp:Average:Std Dev:Count:100Full215 uS/cm22.4 C-31.203.2130/30Superior OpticsWe use a high quality stereoscopicmicroscope. It features 20X wide fieldeyepieces in combination with a 4.0Xpaired objective. Overall magnificationis 80X.This microscope is very adequate forcolloids as small as 1.5 microns in size.If your colloids are smaller than this,then a video display is required.All microscope components – includingilluminators, a mirrored cell holder andan accurate positioning stage – aremounted on a common module. Wepre-focus the entire assembly to makeyour initial setup easy.A basic Zeta-Meter System 4.0 with astereo microscope is part numberZ401.Comfortable ViewingOur viewing technique is called darkfield illumination. A sharply focusedlight beam is reflected diagonallyupward by a mirror and passesthrough the cylindrical tube of theelectrophoresis cell. Each colloid in itspath reflects light upward into theoptics, creating a distinct star-likeimage on a dark background.Our illuminators use high intensityLEDs. Their long life means that youwill probably never need to replacethem and re-focus the assembly.Convenient Set-UpAlignment of the cell and focusing ofthe microscope is remarkably simple.No need to compute and record dial ormicrometer settings. Just focus sharplyon a special light pattern created byour illumination technique.Easier ViewingOur video displays make it even easierto view and track your colloids. Theimage is transmitted directly to acamera via optics that are specificallydesigned for a video display. Amonochrome, low light level, videocamera captures the image andtransmits it to a 17 inch LCD monitor.It is suitable for colloids as small as 0.5microns in size.All components – including camera,optics, illuminators, mirrored cell holderand an accurate positioning stage –are mounted on a common module.We pre-focus the entire assembly tomake your initial setup easy.A basic Zeta-Meter System 4.0 withDirect Video Imaging is part numberZ402.Star-Like ImagesOur dark field illumination techniquecreates a distinct star-like image on adark background for each colloid.A long life, high intensity, LED in eachilluminator means that you willprobably never need to replace themand re-focus the assembly.No Dials or MicrometersAlignment of the cell and focusing ofthe video optics is remarkably simple.Just focus sharply on a special lightpattern created by our illuminationtechnique.Instant Re-playsYou can use a video recorder to createa permanent record of your work.Then, if there is a question about yourresults, you can use your Zeta-Meter4.0 unit to obtain another set of data bymaking a “dry run”.Microscope ModuleDirect Video ModuleMicroscope ModuleDirect Video ModuleLCD MonitorElectrophoresis CellElectrodesRugged Yet PreciseOur Type GT-2 electrophoresis cell isrugged, and you can handle it withoutfear of damage. The cell consists oftwo Teflon electrode sections and afused quartz block with an opticallypolished cell tube. Each cell isindividually calibrated and will last alifetime.It is immune to attack except by veryaggressive reagents which can etchglass, such as hydro-flouric acid.AST FittingsTeflon AST Fittings adapt the Type GT-2 cell for use with the AutomaticSample Transfer. One set is includedwith the AST (A200).Easy to UseFilling is simple. Just pour in yoursample and insert the electrodestoppers. No syringes are necessary.Cleaning is also simple. Just removethe end stoppers, rinse the cell, andclean the cell tube with our cell swab.Low Volume CellOur standard cell requires at least 20mL of sample. If your sample volume islimited, then we offer an optional LowVolume Type GT-2 Cell (G201L) whichreduces the sample size to 5mL.Simple by DesignOur standard electrodes are aMolybdenum Anode and a PlatinumCathode. You should also consider anoptional Platinum Anode for lowconductivity samples.Each electrode is mounted in athreaded Teflon stopper and issupplied with a detachable electrodelead.Molybdenum AnodeThis is our standard anode.Molybdenum combines with gaseousoxygen as it evolves from the anodeand prevents false colloid motion dueto gas bubble expansion. It can beused with all aqueous samples.Platinum CathodeThis is our standard cathode. It is arugged bullet-shaped electrode madeof platinum-iridium to minimizeinteraction with your sample.Platinum Anode (optional)This is similar to our Platinum Cathode.It is suitable for samples with a specificconductance of less than 1000microSiemens/cm. In this conductivityrange, it is easier to use than amolybdenum electrode because itdoes not have to be cleaned.We recommend this electrode for allwork with organic liquids.We also recommend it for potablewater treatment laboratories.Platinum Anode for LowVolume Cell (optional)Our standard Platinum Anode (G204)cannot be used with our Low VolumeType GT-2 Cell. We offer a LowVolume Platinum Anode (G204L) to fitthis cell.G201Type GT-2 CellG205AST FittingsG202Molybdenum AnodeG203Platinum CathodeG204Platinum Anode(Optional)Other AccessoriesAutomatic Sample TransferConvenientThe Automatic Sample Transfer (AST)simplifies sample handling. It consistsof a recirculating pump and twoelectric pinch valves. The pumprecirculates your sample from abeaker, through the electrophoresiscell and back. This insures sampleuniformity, temperature equilibrium andre-suspension of settled colloids. A flipof a switch isolates your sample.One set of AST fittings (G205) isincluded. These adapt your cell to theAST unit.Resuspend ParticlesLarge particles or flocs can be difficultto track because they tend to settle outof view. The AST resuspends themand flushes them out duringrecirculation while it introduces freshparticles for tracking.Balance Sample TemperatureThe electric field that is applied duringtracking can cause highly conductivesamples to gradually increase intemperature. Eventually, thermalcurrents form in the liquid and theparticles begin to move erratically. TheAST restores temperature equilibriumby recirculating the sample through thecell.We recommend the AST whensamples have a specific conductancegreater than 2500 microSiemens/cm.Study Concentration EffectsThe AST is very helpful whenvariations in reagent concentration orpH need to be studied. Eachincremental dose is added to thesample beaker. Then, the AST is usedto flush out the cell and fill it with freshsample at the new concentration level.Vertical MicrometerOur optical cell alignment techniqueworks with water and with liquids thathave an index of refraction close towater. If the index of refraction of yoursample is not similar to water, then thefocusing pattern will not appear andour Vertical Micrometer is required.Temperature Control BathUse this if you want to run samples atelevated or reduced temperatures.Zeta potential determinations aremade while the electrophoresis cell issubmerged in the bath.The bath is equipped with inlet andoutlet ports and plugs. You supply: apump, temperature control andinterconnecting tubing. Operatingrange is 5 – 75° C.High Voltage Power SupplyHigh voltage is required when youwork with organic liquids that have alow dielectric constant or a highviscosity compared to water. Highvoltage is necessary to inducereasonable rates of colloid motion.Contact us if you would like anevaluation of whether or not a highvoltage supply is required for yourapplication.The power supply is a precision unit.Voltage is set with a 10 turn dial andboth voltage and current are monitoredby a digital display.Special electrode leads to connect thesystem to your Type GT-2 cell areincluded.A200Automatic Sample TransferV100Vertical MicrometerT100Temperature Control BathH200High Voltage Power SupplyOrdering GuideThe BasicsStart with part numberZ401, or Z402. Each isa complete operationalsystem that is ready foryou to use. It consists ofa Zeta-Meter 4.0 unit, amicroscope or videodisplay, and a Type GT-2 cell with electrodes.It also includes manyother features anditems. See our Price Listfor complete details.Options &AccessoriesNext, select the optionsand accessories thatyou need. You can alsoorder extra cells andelectrodes.Please contact us if youneed any help.SpecificationsSample SuitabilityOur Zeta-Meter System4.0 can measuresamples which fallwithin the followingranges:Z401Zeta-Meter System 4.0 with Stereo Microscope & Type GT-2 CellZeta-Meter System 4.0 with Direct Video Imaging & Type GT-2 CellZ402G204 / G204L A200 G202 & G203Platinum Anode /Low VolumePlatinum AnodeAutomaticSample TransferMolybdenum AnodePlatinum CathodeH200T100 G201L V100TemperatureControl BathHigh VoltagePower SupplyLow VolumeType GT-2 CellVertical MicrometerZeta Potential -250 to +250 millivoltsElectrophoretic Mobility +20 to -20 microns/sec per volt/cmSpecific Conductance 0 to 60,000 microSiemens/cmTemperature 5oC - 75oCConcentration 10 mg/L to 80% solids by weightParticle Diameter 1.5 to 100 microns (microscope)0.5 to 50 microns (video display)Sample Size 20 mL (standard Cell)5 mL (low volume cell)Suspending Medium water or organic liquids????????Zeta-Meter, Inc Telephone ................. 540-886-3503765 Middlebrook Avenue Toll-Free (USA) .......... 800-333-0229PO Box 3008 Fax ............................ 540-886-3728Staunton VA 24402 USA Web Site ........ www.zeta-meter.comG201Type GT-2 CellZETA-METER 4.0100-29.5VoltsDCZPmVVolts:Scale:Avg. SC:Temp:Average:Std Dev:Count:100Full215.6 uS/cm22.4 C-31.203.2130/30ZETA-METER 4.0100-29.5VoltsDCZPmVVolts:Scale:Avg. SC:Temp:Average:Std Dev:Count:100Full215.6 uS/cm22.4 C-31.203.2130/30